Identification of HTLV-III/LAV sor gene product and detection of antibodies in human sera

The nucleotide sequence of the genome of HTLV-III, the infectious agent etiologically associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, predicts a small open reading frame, termed sor, located between the pol and env genes. A DNA segment containing 82 percent of the sor region was inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector, pJL6, to determine whether sor encodes a viral protein and to gain some insight into its possible function. The bacterially synthesized sor protein reacted with sera from individuals infected with HTLV-III, indicating that sor is expressed as a protein product or products that are immunogenic in vivo. Antibodies to the purified, bacterially synthesized sor protein were found to react specifically with the same protein and also with a protein of molecular weight 23,000 (23K) in HTLV-III-infected H9 cell extracts. The 23K protein comigrated with a protein immunoprecipitated by the serum of a hemophiliac patient with antibodies to HTLV-III, suggesting that this protein is probably the sor gene product.     

Major glycoprotein antigens that induce antibodies in AIDS patients are encoded by HTLV-III

Antibodies from the serum of patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with the AIDS-related complex and from the serum of seropositive healthy homosexuals, recognize two major glycoproteins in cells infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV III). These glycoproteins, gp160 and gp120, are encoded by the 2.5-kilobase open reading frame located in the 3' end of the HTLV-III genome, as determined by amino terminus sequence analysis of the radiolabeled forms of these proteins. It is hypothesized that gp160 and gp120 represent the major species of virus-encoded envelope gene products for HTLV-III.     

A new HTLV-III/LAV protein encoded by a gene found in cytopathic retroviruses

The DNA of the HTLV-III/LAV group of retroviruses contains certain additional open reading frames that are not found in typical avian or mammalian retroviruses. The role of these sequences in encoding for gene products that may be related to pathogenesis remains to be resolved. An open reading frame whose 5' end overlaps with the pol gene, but is unrelated to the env gene, has been observed in HTLV-III/LAV and visna virus, both cytopathic mammalian retroviruses. Evidence presented here shows that this open reading frame is a bona fide coding sequence of HTLV-III/LAV and that its product, a protein with a molecular weight of 23,000, induces antibody production in the natural course of infection.     

应用λgt11系统克隆和表达细小病毒的非结构蛋白基因

大肠杆菌噬菌体λgt11是在原有基础上经不断改进而组建成的一个新的基因载体,通过一系列检测方法的建立,已成为一个完整的基因操作系统。本文应用此系统对细小病毒的非结构蛋白基因NSI进行了克隆和表达试验,包括目的基因的制备、载体DNA的提取、基因拼接、噬菌体的体外包装、重组噬菌体蚀斑和溶原菌的抗体探子筛选以及重组体基因产物的检测,最后获得了由重组体基因表达产生的融合蛋白质。此蛋白质能被兔源抗NSI抗体和自然感染细小病毒的犬血清特()性地结合。试验结果表明,λgt11是基因操作的一个有效的载体系统,它在疫病的血清学诊断和疫病预防的研究上具有广阔的应用前景。     

锯缘青蟹精氨酸激酶基因的克隆与表达

通过分子生物学方法,克隆得到锯缘青蟹（Scylla serrata）精氨酸激酶（Arginine Kinase,AK）开放阅读框基因序列.测序结果显示：该开放阅读框基因的序列长度为1 071 bp,编码356个氨基酸残基;该序列登录Genbank（GQ：851626）,序列比对结果显示,锯缘青蟹精氨酸激酶与凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）精氨酸激酶的氨基酸序列同源性高达94%,与岸蟹（Carcinus maenas）、中华绒鳌蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）等甲壳类动物的精氨酸激酶也有较高的同源性,均高于90%;将克隆得到的锯缘青蟹精氨酸激酶基因与pGEX-4T-3载体连接,转化大肠杆菌BL21,经IPTG诱导得到分子质量为65 ku的融合表达蛋白（GST-AK）,经兔抗锯缘青蟹精氨酸激酶多克隆抗体的免疫印迹分析证实,GST-AK具有抗原性.     

Filamentous fusion phage: novel expression vectors that display cloned antigens on the virion surface

Foreign DNA fragments can be inserted into filamentous phage gene III to create a fusion protein with the foreign sequence in the middle. The fusion protein is incorporated into the virion, which retains infectivity and displays the foreign amino acids in immunologically accessible form. These "fusion phage" can be enriched more than 1000-fold over ordinary phage by affinity for antibody directed against the foreign sequence. Fusion phage may provide a simple way of cloning a gene when an antibody against the product of that gene is available.     

基于宏基因组学的转基因棉田土壤微生物功能多样性分析

[目的]研究转基因棉田土壤微生物的功能多样性。[方法]采用直接法提取转基因棉根际土壤微生物总DNA,用限制性内切酶BamHI进行部分酶切,回收2.0～4.0 kb大小的片段插入到pUC19/BamHI脱磷载体上,转化到DH5α高效感受态细胞,构建宏基因组文库。随机挑取10个克隆序列测序,并通过NCBI预测可能存在的开放式阅读框和进行序列比对分析。[结果]该文库的外源插入片段平均长度为2.4 kb,90%以上克隆都含有插入片段,10个序列中存在着多种功能的开放式阅读框,包括一些水解酶、脱氢酶、脂解酶、修饰酶、抗生素及与电子传递链相关的酶类。[结论]该研究可为研究转基因棉大面积野外种植以后的生态安全性提供参考。     

基于鲁棒自适应控制策略的混合型步进电机低速伺服控制性能

针对混合型步进电机低速运行状态下脉动转矩较大的特点,应用鲁棒自适应控制策略来设计其低速伺服控制器,以实现高精度的跟踪控制性能.首先,根据混合型步进电机转矩形成的机理,揭示了其固有的脉动转矩对低速运动控制产生不利影响的动力学特征,并将它归结为两种结构不确定性,便于控制器的设计;其次,采取标准的自适应控制及其鲁棒化设计思想,借助于μ-修整策略来实现相应的控制律,确保脉动转矩的最大化补偿及伺服系统低速跟踪控制满足高性能的要求;最后对所建立的低速跟踪控制系统的性能进行了试验评估,并与作者前期的工作进行了比较,试验结果验证了其有效性与可行性.     

猪圆环病毒2型衣壳蛋白的表达

[目的]检测猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）核衣壳蛋白（Cap）的表达,为进一步研制PCV2单克隆抗体检测抗原提供参考依据。[方法]根据已经发表的PCV2的衣壳蛋白基因（Cap）设计1对引物,利用PCR方法从已知PCV2病毒中扩增到1条DNA片段。将PCR产物按预定的阅读框架插入表达载体质粒pET28a（＋）中,获得重组质粒pCAP-PCV2,并转化到大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中。[结果]序列测定表明,所克隆的序列大小为579 bp,与DQ104422的Cap基因序列一致;通过对菌体裂解物的SDS-PAGE分析证明,携带重组质粒pET-PCV2-Cap的大肠杆菌可以表达可溶性的衣壳蛋白。[结论]PCV2衣壳蛋白能通过表达载体质粒pET28a（＋）进行可溶性表达。     

A novel gene of HIV-1, vpu, and its 16-kilodalton product

A 16-kilodalton protein expressed in cells producing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) was identified as the gene product of the vpu open reading frame. When expressed in vitro, the 81-amino acid vpu protein reacted with about one-third of the serum samples from AIDS patients that were tested, indicating that the vpu open reading frame is expressed in vivo as well. Introduction of a frame-shift mutation into the vpu open reading frame did not significantly interfere with expression of the major viral proteins in a transient expression system. However, a five- to tenfold reduction in progeny virions was observed after the infection of T lymphocytes with the mutant virus. These data suggest that the vpu gene product is required for efficient virus replication and may have a role in assembly or maturation of progeny virions.     

Molecular characterization of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome

The human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III) appears to be central to the causation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two full-length integrated proviral DNA forms of HTLV-III have now been cloned and analyzed, and DNA sequences of the virus in cell lines and fresh tissues from patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) have been characterized. The results revealed that (i) HTLV-III is an exogenous human retrovirus, approximately 10 kilobases in length, that lacks nucleic acid sequences derived from normal human DNA; (ii) HTLV-III, unlike HTLV types I and II, shows substantial diversity in its genomic restriction enzyme cleavage pattern; (iii) HTLV-III persists in substantial amounts in cells as unintegrated linear DNA, an uncommon property that has been linked to the cytopathic effects of certain animal retroviruses; and (iv) HTLV-III viral DNA can be detected in low levels in fresh (primary) lymphoid tissue of a minority of patients with AIDS or ARC but appears not to be present in Kaposi's sarcoma tissue. These findings have important implications concerning the biological properties of HTLV-III and the pathophysiology of AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma.     

Evidence for exposure to HTLV-III in Uganda before 1973

Fifty of 75 serum samples collected in the West Nile district of Uganda between August 1972 and July 1973 contained antibodies reactive with human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type 3 (HTLV-III; mean titer, 601), while 12 of 75 samples were positive in a similar test for HTLV type 1 (HTLV-1) antibodies (mean titer, 236). The samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and positive results were confirmed by a newly developed unlabeled antibody-peroxidase procedure with enhanced sensitivity for detection of antibody binding to immunoblots of HTLV-III antigen, demonstrating antibodies to proteins with molecular weights of 24,000, 41,000, and 76,000 in nearly all positive samples. Analysis of titration data indicated enhanced titers of antibody against HTLV-III and HTLV-I when coinfection occurred. The high prevalence and relatively low titers [compared to serum from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)] of antibodies recognizing HTLV-III proteins in sera from this population at a time that may predate or coincide with the appearance or spread of the AIDS agent (HTLV-III) suggest that the virus detected may have been a predecessor of HTLV-III or is HTLV-III itself but existing in a population acclimated to its presence. It further suggests an African origin of HTLV-III.     

Replicative and cytopathic potential of HTLV-III/LAV with sor gene deletions

The genome of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) has the potential to encode at least three polypeptides in addition to those encoded by the gag, pol, and env genes. In this study, the product of the sor (short open reading frame) region, which overlaps the 3' end of the pol gene, was found to be a protein with a molecular weight of 23,000. An assay was developed for testing the ability of cloned HTLV-III proviruses to produce viruses cytopathic for T4+ lymphocytes. In the cell line used, C8166, neither the HTLV-III sor gene product nor the complete 3'-orf gene product were necessary for the replication or cytopathic effects of the HTLV-III.     

香蕉束顶病毒中国漳州分离物DNA4编码区的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用PCR方法克隆了香蕉束顶病毒中国漳州分离物（Banana bunchy top virus Chinese Zhangzhou,BBTV-ZZ)DNA4编码区，序列分析结果表明，该编码区由351个核苷酸组成，推测其编码一个含116个氨基酸的蛋白质（M.W.14.5ku)，将BBTVDNA4编码区克隆到原核表达载体pTYB2上，构建了该基因的融合表达载体pYTB-B4,SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明，69ku的融合蛋白在大肠杆菌ER2566（DE3）中正确表达，以含表达产物的凝胶为抗原，免疫家兔，制备了BBTVDNA4编码蛋白的特异抗血清，Western blot显示，在Southern blot分析为阳性的转BBTV DNA 4编码区烟草中，14．5ku的BBTV DNA4编码区蛋白得到表达，这为进一步研究BBTV DNA4编码区蛋白在整个植株体内的功能奠定了基础。     

Virus envelope protein of HTLV-III represents major target antigen for antibodies in AIDS patients

In this study, two glycoproteins (gp160 and gp120) that are encoded by human T-cell lymphoma virus type III (HTLV-III) were the antigens most consistently recognized by antibodies found in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and with the AIDS-related complex (ARC) and in healthy homosexual males. The techniques used to detect the glycoproteins were radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RIP/SDS-PAGE). Although most antibody-positive samples from ARC patients and from healthy homosexual males also reacted with the virus core protein p24, less than half of the AIDS patients revealed a positive band with p24 under the same conditions. The ability to detect antibodies against a profile of both the major env gene encoded antigens and the gag gene encoded antigens suggests that the RIP/SDS-PAGE may be a valuable confirmatory assay for establishing the presence or absence of antibodies to HTLV-III in human serum samples.     

O型口蹄疫病毒VP1基因的克隆与表达

以O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)流行毒株为研究对象,通过RT-PCR扩增出VP1基因,克隆至表达载体pET-32a中,分析比较不同地区O型口蹄疫病毒VP1基因序列,为构建VP1重组基因工程苗奠定基础．经测序表明,目的基因VP1已以正确的阅读框架整合至表达质粒中,应用大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)为宿主菌,通过IPTG诱导方法,表达包含VP1基因产物的融合蛋白,经SDS-PAGE和Western—blotting分析,表明表达蛋白表达量高,反应原性良好．     

猪带绦虫45W基因家族cDNA克隆和序列分析

 根据猪带绦虫45W基因序列设计引物,用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)对六钩蚴总RNA进行cDNA扩增,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离、纯化、回收,与载体pGEMT-easyVector连接,转化大肠杆菌JM109,筛选阳性克隆,测序。结果显示,已成功克隆到重要保护性抗原45W基因B型转录本cDNA,完整开放阅读框(ORF)的大小为459bp。序列同源性分析与比较表明,所获得的9个B型转录本cDNA除TSO45W-4B-1和TSO45W-4B-2与已报道的TSO45W-4B同源外,其余均属于首次报道的4     

Hepatitis B virus DNA sequences in lymphoid cells from patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex

A lymphotropic virus HTLV-III/LAV was recently identified as the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In a study of concomitant hepatitis B infections in patients with AIDS or the AIDS-related complex, DNA sequences of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were found in fresh and cultured lymphocytes from patients with AIDS even in the absence of conventional HBV serological markers. Furthermore, the restriction DNA pattern was consistent with the integration of the viral DNA. These results should prompt additional studies to reevaluate a possible role of HBV as a cofactor in AIDS in addition to the HTLV-III/LAV causal agent.     

HTLV-III infection in brains of children and adults with AIDS encephalopathy

Unexplained debilitating dementia or encephalopathy occurs frequently in adults and children with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Brains from 15 individuals with AIDS and encephalopathy were examined by Southern analysis and in situ hybridization for the presence of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III), the virus believed to be the causative agent of AIDS. HTLV-III DNA was detected in the brains of five patients, and viral-specific RNA was detected in four of these. In view of these findings and the recent demonstration of morphologic and genetic relatedness between HTLV-III and visna virus, a lentivirus that causes a chronic degenerative neurologic disease in sheep, HTLV-III should be evaluated further as a possible cause of AIDS encephalopathy.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌cry1Ac28基因的克隆及原核表达

研究旨在克隆苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)Q-12的cry1Ac28基因并在原核载体中表达。应用PCR-RFLP法鉴定出Bt Q-12中含有cry1Ac基因,根据已知的cry1Ac全长基因序列设计特异引物,以Bt Q-12基因组DNA为模板扩增cry1Ac全长基因,与大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)表达载体pEB相连接获得含有cry1Ac全长基因的重组质粒pEB-cry1Ac,经过序列分析表明,该基因编码区为3 537 bp,编码1 178个氨基酸,分子质量为133.3176 ku,pI为4.885,为弱酸性蛋白质,亮氨酸(Leu)、丝氨酸(Ser)、谷氨酸(Glu)三种氨基酸含量最高,分别为8.06%、7.80%、7.72%,该基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株能够正常表达133.3176 ku蛋白。该基因核苷酸序列已在GenBank中登录,登录号为FJ610439,并由Btδ-内毒素基因国际命名委员会正式命名为cry1Ac28。为进一步研究cry1Ac28蛋白功能和活性打下了良好的基础。