高剂量植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能和消化率的影响

文章旨在研究植酸酶对1~42日龄肉鸡生长发育的影响。采用完全随机试验设计,试验共分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复24只鸡,各组分别为阳性对照组、负对照、负对照日粮+1000、2000和3000IU/kg植酸酶,试验结束后测定各组对骨功能、骨质量和血液矿物质的影响。随着日粮植酸酶添加水平的升高,显著改善了1~21d肉鸡日增重、采食量和料比(P<0.05),而1~42d肉鸡生长性能表现为显著二次曲线效应(P<0.05),其中负对照组肉鸡日增重和采食量最低(P<0.05),料比最高(P<0.05)。对照组较负对照组显著提高了42d肉鸡胫骨干物质含量(P<0.05)。随着植酸酶添加水平的升高,21d肉鸡血钙浓度表现为显著线性降低(P<0.05),而血磷浓度先升高后降低,负对照日粮+1000IU/kg植酸酶组最高(P<0.05)。42d肉鸡血磷浓度随日粮植酸酶水平的升高表现为二次曲线效应。对照组和负对照组较处理组显著提高了42d肉鸡血钙浓度(P<0.05)。与对照和负对照组相比,负对照添加植酸酶组显著降低了矿物质回肠表观消化系数(P<0.05),而负对照组+3000IU/kg植酸酶较对照组显著降低了能量回肠表观消化系数(P<0.05)。植酸酶在回归分析的基础上提高了肉鸡生长性能,添加高剂量植酸酶3000IU/kg显著提高21d肉鸡日增重。试验为期42d,日粮添加2000IU/kg植酸酶对肉鸡的增重和饲料转化率效果较好。     

日粮维生素A水平对肉鸡生长性能及营养物质消化率的影响

试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,以玉米和豆粕为主要原料配制基础日粮,将450只1日龄雌雄各半的健康艾维茵肉鸡,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组设6个重复,每重复组15只鸡,试验期42d。维生素A的5个添加水平分别为3000、6000、15000、30000和60000IU/kg。在整个试验期内,与3000、6000IU/kg维生素A组相比,30000、60000IU/kg维生素A组的肉鸡生长速度与饲料转化效率有趋于显著的下降趋势(P0.10),15000IU/kg维生素A组生长速度也有降低的趋势。随日粮维生素A水平的增加,肉鸡对日粮粗蛋白质与钙的消化率呈一次线性降低趋势(P0.10),其中,日粮维生素A水平为3000～6000IU/kg时消化率较高,维生素A水平为30000～60000IU/kg时较低。日粮维生素A水平为15000IU/kg时,提示肉鸡维生素A临界过量;日粮维生素A水平达到30000IU/kg以上时,提示肉鸡维生素A过量。     

黄芩黄酮对肉仔鸡营养物质消化率和生长性能影响

探讨黄芩黄酮对肉用仔鸡主要营养物质代谢率以及生长性能的影响。选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡500只,随机分为5个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复20只,分别在基础饲料中添加0、5、10、15和20 mg/kg黄芩提取物黄芩黄酮,试验期为49 d。测定各组营养物质代谢率和生长性能指标。结果表明,在0-3周龄,黄芩黄酮可提高肉仔鸡干物质和表观代谢率,3-7周龄,肉仔鸡干物质和表观代谢率降低;在3-7周龄,粗蛋白和粗脂肪代谢率最高的是20 mg/kg黄芩黄酮添加组,分别比对照组提高4.47%和2.12%,差异不显著(P>0.05);在0-3周龄,黄芩黄酮对钙的代谢影响显著(P<0.05),效果最好的是10 mg/kg黄芩黄酮添加组,比对照组提高17.32%,对磷的代谢影响不显著。10 mg/kg黄芩黄酮添加组可明显提高肉仔鸡49日龄平均体重、平均日增重、并降低料肉比(P>0.05)。由此可知,饲料中添加适量的黄芩黄酮在一定程度上可以提高肉鸡对营养物质的代谢,增加对钙的吸收,降低料肉比,提高生长性能,其中10 mg/kg添加量效果较好。     

植酸酶、柠檬酸和碳酸化合物酶对肉鸡生长性能和养分利用率的影响

文章旨在研究低磷、低钙水平日粮添加植酸酶、柠檬酸和碳水化合物酶对1~21 d肉鸡生长性能及养分消化率的影响。试验选择1日龄肉仔鸡576只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡。试验共分为6种日粮,阳性对照组日粮(正常钙磷水平)、阴性对照日粮(低磷、低钙)、阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+5 g/kg柠檬酸,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+500 mg/kg复合碳水化合物酶,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+5 g/kg柠檬酸+500 mg/kg复合碳水化合物酶。试验共开展21 d。结果显示:阳性对照组肉鸡日增重和采食量显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05);植酸酶组添加碳水化合物酶较单独添加植酸酶组显著提高了肉鸡的日增重(P<0.05);植酸酶+碳水化合物酶较阴性对照组显著改善了料肉比(P<0.05)。阳性对照组较阴性对照组显著提高肉鸡胫骨灰分含量(P<0.05);植酸酶组显著提高了总磷、有效磷和植酸磷的回肠表观消化率(P<0.05),同时植酸酶组添加柠檬酸或碳水化合物酶进一步提高了总磷和植酸磷的回肠表观消化率(P<0.05)。阴性对照组添加植酸酶显著提高了表观代谢能及干物质、总能、氮和总磷的表观沉积量(P<0.05),而植酸酶组添加碳水化合物酶提高了干物质和总磷表观沉积量(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,低磷、低钙水平日粮添加植酸酶和碳水化合物酶改善了肉鸡生长性能、提高了营养物质的消化率和沉积量,而植酸酶日粮添加柠檬酸可以改善营养物质消化率和沉积量。     

低能日粮添加木聚糖酶或复合酶对肉鸡生产性能和养分消化率的影响

试验旨在研究肉鸡低能日粮中添加木聚糖酶或复合酶对肉鸡生产性能和养分消化率的影响。采用单因子的试验设计,试验分6个处理,每个处理8个重复,每重复10只肉仔鸡。6个试验饲粮处理分别为正对照组(PC)、负对照组(NC,在正对照组基础上降低表观代谢能836 kJ/kg)、以及4个在NC基础上的加酶组(分别为处理1:木聚糖酶添加量为4 000 U/kg饲料;处理2:木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶和蛋白酶分别为300 U/kg、400 U/kg和4 000 U/kg饲料;处理3:木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶和蛋白酶分别为:1383U/kg6、7U/kg和667U/kg;处理4:木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶和蛋白酶分别为2 766 U/kg、134 U/kg和1 334 U/kg)。试验结果表明,与PC相比,NC降低了肉鸡的增重、提高了料肉比(P<0.05);与NC相比,4个加酶组提高增重3%~10%和改善料肉比2%~8%(P<0.05),加酶后NC组肉鸡的生产性能达到了PC水平。NC降低了干物质、粗蛋白和能量的表观消化率(P<0.05),加酶组对养分消化率具有提高作用,且达到了PC水平;木聚糖酶和复合酶两种酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能和养分消化率的影响差异不显著,处理3和4两组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,在降低代谢能836 kJ/kg的肉鸡饲粮中添加木聚糖酶或复合酶,能够使肉鸡的生产性能和养分消化率得以补偿,低能负对照饲粮加酶后能够使肉鸡的生产性能达到与正对照组相同水平。     

小麦型日粮添加木聚糖酶和植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能、回肠氨基酸表观消化率及常量元素沉积的影响

本文旨在研究小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶和植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能、回肠氨基酸表观消化率及矿物元素沉积的影响。试验选择1日龄科宝白羽肉仔鸡850只,随机分成5组,每组5个重复,每个重复34只鸡。一共有5种日粮,即低磷日粮、高磷日粮、低磷日粮+2000 IU/kg木聚糖酶、低磷日粮+500 FTU/kg植酸酶,低磷日粮+2000 IU/kg木聚糖酶+500 FTU/kg植酸酶,试验进行21 d。低磷组较高磷组显著降低了肉鸡的日增重、日采食量及趾骨灰分含量(P <0.05),与低磷组相比,木聚糖酶组显著降低了肉鸡的料比(P <0.05),而植酸酶组显著提高了肉鸡日增重、日采食量、趾骨灰分及饲料利用率(P <0.05)。复合酶组显著提高了15种氨基酸回肠表观消化率(P <0.05)。与低磷组相比,木聚糖酶组显著提高了表观消化能和可消化代谢能及回肠氮消化率(P <0.05),而植酸酶显著提高了氮沉积及回肠氮消化率(P <0.05),复合酶组显著提高了代谢能、可消化代谢能及氮沉积量(P <0.05)。植酸酶和复合酶组较高磷组显著提高了磷表观消化率和沉积量(P <0.05),但低磷组较高磷组显著提高了钙的表观消化率(P <0.05),植酸酶酶和复合酶组较其他3组显著提高了钾的沉积量(P <0.05)。结论 :小麦型日粮同时添加植酸酶和木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长和消化的影响要优于单独添加这两种酶。     

Evaluation of beta-mannanase and nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme inclusion separately or intermittently in reduced energy diets fed to male broilers on performance parameters and carcass yield

The experimental design consisted of 5 dietary treatments including a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC; with a reduction of 88 kcal/kg of AME through the starter and grower 1 phase and a reduction of 132 kcal/kg of AME in the grower 2, finisher, and withdrawal phases compared with the PC), and the NC supplemented with either β-mannanase, nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (NSPase; cocktail carbohydrase), or β-mannanase and NSPase intermittently fed. The intermittent treatment included β-mannanase from d 1 to 21 (starter and grower 1 phases) and NSPase from d 22 to 47. Each treatment included 9 replicate pens with 35 male broilers placed per replicate (1,575 total chicks placed). The dietary program consisted of 5 dietary phases, including the starter through d 10, grower 1 through d 21, grower 2 through d 32, finisher through d 40, and withdrawal through d 47. Broilers were weighed and feed consumption determined on days of dietary changes. On d 48, following an 8-h feed withdrawal, 6 broilers from each replicate pen were removed and processed for whole bird and fat pad measurements. The reduction in energy in the NC diet reduced BW and increased mortality rate, and the inclusion of β-mannanase and NSPase separately and intermittently in the NC diet improved growth performance and reduced mortality to levels that were comparable to the PC. The NC yielded the highest cumulative mortality-corrected FCR and all enzyme inclusion treatments reduced FCR to levels comparable to the PC for the duration of the trial. The NC diet yielded the lowest processing yields and the inclusion of β-mannanase and NSPase separately and intermittently increased multiple processing parameters to a level similar to the PC. These data confirm the ability of β-mannanase and NSPase inclusion separately and intermittently to improve performance parameters in reduced-energy broiler diets.     

伊普异黄酮对不同生长阶段肉鸡生长性能和有关血清生化指标的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡100羽,随机分成2组,试验组在基础日粮中添加伊普异黄酮5 mg/kg。试验开始3周后宰杀40羽,6周后宰杀剩余的60羽,研究伊普异黄酮对不同生长阶段肉鸡生长性能的影响。结果显示,添喂伊普异黄酮分别使生长前期公鸡和母鸡增重提高2.21%、0.95%,血清尿酸含量降低27.06%(P<0.05)、1.06%,血清T3水平升高12.4%、9.67%,血清FT3水平升高56.51%(P<0.05)、7.06%;使整个生长期公鸡和母鸡增重提高10.73%(P<0.05)、5.86%,血清尿酸含量降低35.11%(P<0.05)、14.63%,血清T3水平升高42.56%(P<0.05)、73.24%(P<0.05),血清FT3水平升高126.56%(P<0.01)、85.88%(P<0.05),同时血清碱性磷酸酶活性明显升高,血清钙、总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量均明显降低。     

不同日粮能量和蛋白水平对特种野猪的表观消化率和生长性能的影响

选择54头健康断奶的50日龄50%野猪血缘的特种野猪为试验用猪(平均体重为7.92±0.61 kg),日粮消化能分为12.76,13.17和13.6M J/kg 3个水平;蛋白含量分为14%,16%和18%3个水平,采用3×3完全随机试验设计。研究了9种不同能量和蛋白质水平的日粮在舍饲条件下,特种野猪生长期的能量和蛋白质营养需要量。结果表明:在日粮表观消化率方面,不同能量水平对于总能、粗蛋白、干物质,高能组和中能组比低能组分别提高3.66%和2.55%(P<0.05),3.26%和1.29%(P<0.05);3.01%和1.74%。不同蛋白水平对于总能、粗蛋白、干物质,高蛋白组和中蛋白组比低蛋白组分别提高1.95%和1.36%(P<0.05);2.01%(P<0.05)和0.7%;1.55%(P<0.05)和0.92%。生长性能方面,不同能量水平中,中能组的日增重显著高于高能组与低能组(P<0.05),高能组平均日采食量,显著低于中能、低能组(P<0.05),对于料肉比,高能、中能组显著低于低能组(P<0.05)。不同粗蛋白水平中,对于平均日采食量,低蛋白水平显著高于高蛋、中蛋白水平(P<0.05),对于料重比,低蛋白水平显著高于高蛋白、中蛋白水平(P<0.05)。总之,日粮消化能在13.17 M J/kg和粗蛋白在16%水平有一个较好的生产性能,更能适应广西特种野猪的营养需要。     

酵母锌对肉鸡生长性能及生理功能的影响

选用1日龄白羽肉鸡100只,随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,每组20只。Ⅰ、Ⅱ为酵母锌组,锌水平分别为50,35mg/kg,Ⅲ为硫酸锌组,锌水平为50mg/kg;Ⅳ为空白酵母组,酵母添加剂量为100mg/kg;V为基础日粮对照组。各组饲喂相同基础日粮,50d后,对生长性能、血常规、血液生化（Crea、Urea、AST、ALT、ALB）及抗氧化（抗O2-.、GSH-Px、GSH）指标进行检测。结果显示,平均日增重和料重比,21d时各组之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）,50d时与V组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组生长性能显著提高（P〈0.01）,其中I组最高。各组血液常规指标均处于正常范围内,但Ⅰ组红细胞数极显著高于其他组（P〈0.01）。血清中肌酐、尿素含量以及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组白蛋白含量较其他组显著提高（P〈0.01）。血清抗O2-.活力、GSH含量Ⅰ组显著高于其他组（P〈0.01）,GSH-Px活力Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著高于其他各组（P〈0.01）。结果提示,日粮添加适量酵母锌（Zn 50mg/kg）可以提高肉鸡生长性能,在一定程度上增强机体免疫机能,提高肝脏功能和机体抗氧化功能。     

复合酶制剂对仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响

研究选取了体重为20.0 kg左右的杜×长×大三元杂交猪24头,随机分为3组,每个处理组8头,分别饲喂不含酶制剂、含酶制剂Ⅰ、含酶制剂Ⅱ的3种日粮,饲养期为28 d。结果表明,酶种类齐全、酶活高的复合酶制剂,能够更有效地提高仔猪的生长性能,改善对饲料氮和磷的利用,降低粪便的排放污染,是未来高效新型环保饲料添加剂的发展趋势。     

Effect of graded levels of dietary corn steep liquor on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,haematology and histopathology of broilers

This experiment was conducted to assess nutritional potential of corn steep liquor (CSL) as an alternative protein source in broiler's diet. A total of 280‐day‐old unsexed broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four experimental groups in a simple randomised experimental design (each group had seven replicates; 10 birds per each). Four iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐caloric broiler starter and finisher diets (C, LCSL, MCSL and HCSL) were formulated containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% CSL respectively. Results revealed that chicks fed MCSL diet had significantly (p ≤ .05) the heaviest Body weight, highest Body weight gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio followed by those fed HCSL diet. In the starter period, LCSL and MCSL diets resulted in better (p ≤ .05) dry matter (DM) (89.57%) and crude protein (67.67%) digestibilities respectively. In the finisher period, DM, crude fibre and fat digestibilities were not affected by CSL inclusion levels; while crude protein digestibility was significantly (p ≤ .05) high in the groups fed LCSL and HCSL diets. The CSL inclusion had no effect on blood haematology except serum uric acid, which tended to increase with increasing CSL levels. No microscopic changes were exhibited on liver, heart, kidneys and intestine of birds across all dietary treatments. However, crops in birds fed HCSL diet showed moderate to severe hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucosal lining. The study showed that CSL could be added up to 15% in broiler's diet without any adverse effect on bird's performance.     

Significant effect of NSP‐ase enzyme supplementation in sunflower meal‐based diet on the growth and nutrient digestibility in broilers

The response of broiler chickens to 3 levels of sunflower meal and 2 levels of NSP‐ase enzyme combination (with and without) was investigated in 3 × 2 factorial arrangement under complete randomized design (CRD). A total of 240 Hubbard broiler chicks were fed on practical mash diets having 2950 kcal of ME and 21% CP from 1 to 42 days of age. The BW gain was not significantly reduced when 25% SFM was added in the diets during 1 to 42 days of age. Supplementation of NSP‐ase in broiler diets (day 1–42 overall) demonstrated non‐significant differences (p < 0.05) across the treatments in terms of FI and BWG. The difference in feed:gain at 15% or 20% SFM was observed to be non‐significant. Replacement of SBM with SFM or inclusion of SFM at higher level (25%) increased/deteriorated FCR. The addition of exogenous NSP‐ase showed a significant improvement (p < 0.01) in feed:gain. The improvement was clearly demonstrated when SFM was added to the experimental diet at 15% or even 20%. Supplementation of NSP‐ase at the 25% inclusion level could not, however, sustain the beneficial effect, which was possibly due to excessively high dietary CF. No difference was noted across the treatments regarding carcass response. Relative gizzard weight and intestinal weight were observed to be improved in birds consuming higher levels of SFM (p = 0.00). The digestibility of CF was observed to improve when SFM was used at 20% and 25% in the diets. No improvement in the digestibility of CF was observed with NSP‐ase supplementation, which meant other factors were clearly involved. Supplementation of NSP‐ase improved FCR up to 20% SFM. At 25% SFM, no improvement in the digestibility of CF was observed with NSP‐ase supplementation.     

Effect of low doses of dietary rare earth elements on growth performance of broilers

The present study was designed to investigate effect of dietary rare earth elements (REE), including both organic and inorganic compounds, on growth performance of broilers. In experiment 1, a total of 180 male Ross broiler chicks were allocated to 72 pens with different assignment: four chicks per pen or individually. The following three treatment diets were applied: control, REE‐chlorides at a dose of 40 mg/kg and REE‐citrate at a dose of 70 mg/kg. Each treatment group had 24 pens containing both assignments (12 pens each). In experiment 2, a total of 72 male 3‐day‐old Ross broiler chicks were separated to four groups: control, REE‐chlorides at a dose of 70 mg/kg and REE‐citrate at doses of 70 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. In experiment 1, dietary REE‐citrate improved body weight gain during the overall period by 5.0% (p < 0.05) while the increase with REE‐chloride was not significant. In experiment 2, growth effects (p < 0.05) were only found in the period from day 21 to slaughter with all REE forms, and feed conversion ratio was improved by 3.4% (p < 0.05) with REE‐citrate. No significant effects of REE were found on chill weight, percentages of breast meat, thigh weight, drumstick weight and wing weight. Concentrations of La and Ce in the liver and muscles were very low, accounting for 0.11–0.76 and 0.02–0.30 mg/kg respectively. There was weak tendency for a dose–response relationship especially in the groups supplemented with REE‐chlorides. The main blood serum biochemical parameters were not significantly affected by REE in the diets. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of low doses of REE‐citrates might improve growth performance of broilers without affecting carcass composition and health of the broilers.     

饲粮中添加黄芩提取物对肉鸡生长性能、营养物质消化率和肉质的影响

文章旨在研究饲粮中添加黄芩提取物对肉鸡生长性能、营养物质消化率和肉质的影响。试验选取平均体重接近的1日龄AA肉鸡100只,称重后随机分为4组,试验1、2、3组在对照组基础饲粮基础上分别添加0.02%、0.04%、0.06%的黄芩提取物,处理42 d。试验结果:与对照组相比,试验2、3组肉鸡21日龄体重分别显著提高10.5%、9.3%(P<0.05),试验1、2、3组肉鸡42日龄体重分别显著提高8.7%、11.9%、10.4%(P<0.05)。1~21日龄,试验2、3组肉鸡ADG分别显著提高11.2%、10.0%(P<0.05);22~42日龄,试验1、2、3组肉鸡ADG分别显著提高9.5%、12.5%、10.9%(P<0.05),试验2、3组FCR分别显著降低12.7%、8.2%(P<0.05);1~42日龄,试验1、2、3组肉鸡ADG分别显著提高8.8%、12.2%、10.7%(P<0.05),试验2、3组FCR分别显著降低11.0%、7.8%(P<0.05)。试验1、2、3组肉鸡对饲粮中氮的消化率较对照组分别显著提高8.2%、9.8%、7.5%(P<0.05),试验2、3组肉鸡对GE的消化率分别显著提高8.5%、7.3%(P<0.05),试验2组肉鸡对饲粮中DM的消化率提高8.0%(P<0.05)。试验1、2、3组肌肉第5天的滴水损失较对照组分别显著降低14.9%、15.7%、15.2%(P<0.05)。表明,黄芩提取物可以促进肉鸡生长,改善养分消化率和肉质,添加量为0.06%时效果最好。     

丁酸梭菌替代抗生素对肉鸡生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

为研究不同水平丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响,选择2 000只体重相近、健康的1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复100只鸡.空白对照组肉鸡饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素对照组在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg金霉素,试验1、2、3组分别在基础饲粮中添加100、400、600 g/t丁酸梭...