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Effect of reconstitution of pearl millet with or without enzymes on its utilization in broiler chickens was studied. The pearl millet grains were reconstituted by adding water to raise the moisture level to 30%, followed by storage in sealed plastic buckets with or without feed enzymes (0.5 g/kg) for 21 days at room temperature (25°C). Subsequently, the grains were sun-dried to reduce the moisture content up to 10% to avoid mould growth. Nine dietary treatments were formulated incorporating pearl millet either raw with or without enzymes or reconstituted with or without enzymes in maize-soya based control diet replacing maize at 50 and 75% levels. The birds fed on diets containing enzyme reconstituted pearl millet accrued higher body weight than maize based control diet. Addition of enzymes to raw pearl-millet based diet improved the body weight gain significantly. The reconstitution of pearl millet with or without enzymes increased ( P < 0.01) the dietary nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values and the highest improvement (6.11%) was recorded in diets containing pearl millet reconstituted with enzymes at 75% level of maize replacement. The percent nitrogen retention in pearl millet based diets was comparable to maize based control diet. It may be concluded that the supplementation of the feed enzymes or reconstitution of pearl millet may improve the utilization of pearl millet in broiler chickens. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(4):574-578
The use of new varieties of pearl millet (PM) as an alternative feed ingredient for poultry has gained increased interest due to the favorable nutritional characteristics of this grain. However, its incorporation into poultry feeds has been limited because commercial availability of PM in the United States is currently low and also because many feed mills lack the capacity to store more than 1 ground grain. Previous studies have demonstrated the advantages of the inclusion of moderate levels of whole grains in poultry feeds. A series of 3 experiments was conducted to investigate whether unground PM would be a satisfactory feed ingredient for laying hens. In Experiment 1, diets containing 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40% unground PM were fed. At the end of a 7-d feeding period, it was determined that the percentage of whole seed disappearance was equal to or greater than 98% at all levels of inclusion. No significant differences in whole seed disappearance were detected among treatments, indicating that laying hens have the capacity to break down whole PM seeds. In Experiment 2, diets containing 0 or 15% inclusion of either ground or unground PM were fed to laying hens for a 7-d feeding period. Starch digestibility of the diets was determined to be >97% for all treatments. Significantly greater starch digestibility was observed in the hens fed the 15% unground PM as compared with the hens receiving the ground PM diet. In Experiment 3, after a 4-wk feeding period, it was determined that the inclusion of 10% unground PM does not have a negative or positive effect on feed consumption or egg production. These results indicate that PM is a satisfactory feed ingredient for laying hens that can be included in the unground form at moderate levels. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2017,26(4):536-547
Energy is an expensive component of poultry diets with lipids providing a concentrated energy source to meet these needs. Three separate experiments with broilers (15 d of age), turkeys (15 d of age) and laying hens (60 wk of age) were conducted to determine the AMEn content of 10 lipids with varying fatty acid and free fatty acid concentrations and to compare these values to predicted values based on previously published equations. A corn-soybean meal (broilers and turkeys) or corn-soybean meal-distillers dried grains with solubles (layers) control diet was formulated with test diets created by mixing the control diet with 0, 3, 6, or 9% (broilers and turkeys) or 0, 2, 4, and 6% (laying hens) lipid. Experimental diets were fed over a 5-d acclimation period followed by a 48 h total excretion collection period with AMEn of the diets calculated based upon the GE, nitrogen, and titanium dioxide in the feed and excreta samples. The pen-mean AMEn of each diet was regressed on percentage lipid inclusion level using linear regression with the slope of the line representing the AMEn of each lipid source. As expected, the AMEn values varied widely among lipid sources and species, with broilers having a greater AME compared to turkeys and layers. In general, saturated fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) were negatively correlated to AMEn while unsaturated fatty acids (namely C18:2) were positively correlated to AMEn. Consequently, the unsaturated: saturated ratio, the polyunsaturated fatty acids: saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids ratio, and iodine value tended to be positively related to AMEn. Compared to broilers and turkeys that were able to efficiently utilize energy from corn oil (purified and crude DDGS corn oil) relative to soybean oil, laying hen AMEn values for corn oils were reduced in comparison to soybean oil. These data indicate that energy values of lipid differ widely due to source and appear to differ relative to a particular species. 相似文献
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植物提取物的抗氧化作用及其在养禽生产中的应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物提取物添加剂被认定为是"安全、高效、稳定、可控"的饲料添加剂,经过20多年的研究,已经市场化并用于饲料和动物生产。关于植物提取物类添加剂在杀灭或抑制病源性微生物,如沙门氏菌、埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的研究方面已经有广泛报道。本文综述了有关植物提取物的体内外抗氧化作用、对禽肉和禽蛋在储藏期间的抗氧化稳定性,及其对家禽生产和繁育性能的影响研究的最新进展。 相似文献
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Yongfa Liu Zhibin Ban Peng Li Xiaogang Yan Lijia Li Dan Liu Lei Yan Yuming Guo 《The Journal of Poultry Science》2022,59(2):143
Three experiments were conducted to determine the metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy (NE) values of expanded cottonseed meal (ECSM) for broilers aged 14–16 days (Experiment 1), broilers aged 28–30 days (Experiment 2), and 45-week-old Hy-Line Brown hens (Experiment 3). Reference diets based on corn-soybean meal were used to meet the nutritional needs of the birds. The test diets contained ECSM as basis, which was used to replace 18.5% of the gross energy-yielding ingredients from the reference diet. The birds were fed a commercial feed before the experimental period. After the dietary adaptation period, six birds per replicate (Experiment 1) and two birds per replicate (Experiments 2 and 3) for each treatment group were placed in an individual open-circuit respiratory calorimetry chamber for 3 days. Daily O2 consumption and CO2 production were recorded, and excreta samples were collected. The ME and NE values of ECSM were determined using the substitution method. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values of ECSM for experiments 1, 2, and 3 were 2605.85, 2178.31, and 2782.60 kcal/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively. The NE values were 1655.23, 1196.64, and 1538.19 kcal/kg of DM, respectively. The NE:AME ratios of ECSM were 63.52%, 54.93%, and 55.29%, respectively. Our data showed that the ME and NE values of ECSM differed across various growth stages and types of chickens. These results demonstrate that the appropriate ME and NE should be used in the design of different feed formulas for specific growth stages and types of chickens. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究大豆黄酮对余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的作用。选择产蛋率相近的60周龄余干乌骨鸡180只,分为大豆黄酮组和对照组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。大豆黄酮组在基础饲粮中添加30g/t的大豆黄酮,对照组饲喂基础饲粮。试验共8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,大豆黄酮组的产蛋率提高了11.67%(P<0.05),料蛋比降低了8.1%(P<0.05);大豆黄酮组的哈氏单位提高了7.7%(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加30 g/t的大豆黄酮能提高余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期的产蛋性能和蛋品质。 相似文献
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105羽390日龄罗曼蛋鸡,随机均分5组。以4种中药方剂分别添加饲喂组1-组4鸡群,组5为对照。分别观察用药前(第0周)、用药后各组每周平均产蛋率、羽日蛋重、每周平均枚蛋重以及用药期平均料蛋比、破蛋率等生产性能指标。结果:至第11周时,对照组鸡群每周平均产蛋率仅77.55％,每周平均日蛋重仅52.72g/羽,分别比试验前下降13.72％和4.82 g;而组1和组2鸡群产蛋率仅分别下降4.76％和0.21％,日蛋重反而分别增加0.28g/羽和3.41g/羽。其余2组结果与对照组相近。组1和组2平均料蛋比分别为2.25和2.2,显著小于对照组5。组1和组2破蛋率比组5低4—5倍。结论:方1和方2可以明显提高产蛋中后期蛋鸡生产性能。 相似文献
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本试验研究寡木糖对海兰蛋鸡生产性能与蛋品质的影响。将2376羽海兰褐壳蛋鸡(297日龄)随机分为试验组和对照组,每组设6个重复,每个重复198羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮;试验组饲喂添加寡木糖的日粮,每吨基础日粮中添加寡木糖150g。结果表明:试验组蛋重(61.90g)比对照组蛋重(59.25g)提高4.47%,差异显著(P<0.05);试验组产蛋率(81.02%)比对照组产蛋率(77.09%)提高5.1%,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组成活率(97.87%)比对照组(91.99%)提高6.39%,差异显著(P<0.05);试验组和对照组平均每只蛋鸡日耗料量分别为102.72g和101.79g,差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组和对照组蛋壳厚度、哈夫单位、蛋黄色泽分别为0.37mm和0.36mm、75.01和73.83、6.1和5.97,差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明在蛋鸡基础日粮中添加寡木糖能显著提高蛋鸡生产性能,但对蛋品质没有明显影响。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加高剂量蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能、血液学指标和组织病理学的影响,以确定蛋鸡对饲用蛋氨酸锌的耐受剂量。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,选择健康且体重和产蛋率相近的20周龄海兰白蛋鸡540只,随机分成6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。各组分别饲喂蛋氨酸锌添加水平为0(对照)、70(有效剂量)、140(2倍有效剂量)、350(5倍有效剂量)、700(10倍有效剂量)和1 400 mg/kg(20倍有效剂量)的试验饲粮。试验为期8周。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,70 mg/kg组、140 mg/kg组日产蛋重和产蛋率显著提高(P0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P0.05);350 mg/kg组、700 mg/kg组上述指标与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);与0~700 mg/kg组相比,1 400 mg/kg组日产蛋重和产蛋率极显著降低(P0.01),料蛋比极显著提高(P0.01)。2)饲粮中添加蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡血液常规指标无显著影响(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加70~700 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡血清生化指标无显著影响(P0.05),但添加1 400 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌极显著提高了血清葡萄糖、尿酸、肌酐、总胆红素含量以及谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性(P0.01)。4)添加20倍推荐有效剂量(1 400 mg/kg)的蛋氨酸锌会引起主要器官组织的损伤和病变。结果提示,蛋鸡饲粮中蛋氨酸锌的耐受剂量为700mg/kg。 相似文献
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单色光对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本试验分别采用红(660 nm)、绿(560 nm)、蓝(480 nm)3种发光二级管(处理组)和白炽灯(400~770 nm)(对照组),对180羽海兰褐蛋鸡进行人工照明,每组45羽,光强度均为15 lx,光照时间为16 h,试验期为19~52周龄。结果表明:19~36周龄,蓝光组产蛋率(86.8±0.5)%显著高于其它光照组(P<0.05),其日产蛋量最高(47.7±0.34)g,料蛋比(2.75±0.07)最低,后两者与红光和绿光组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。37~52周龄,红光组产蛋率显著高于蓝光和绿光组(P<0.05),白光组日产蛋量(59.0±0.74)g显著高于其它组(P<0.05),其料蛋比(2.1±0.04)最低。19~36周龄,各组破蛋率之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但白光组软蛋率(1.3±0.3)%显著低于其它组(P<0.05)。在37~52周龄,各组破蛋率和软蛋率之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:在15 lx光强度下,试验前期(19~36周龄)选用蓝光照明,后期(37~52周龄)改为白炽灯,可以显著提高产蛋量和饲料转换率。 相似文献
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文章旨在研究日粮中不同梯度维生素E添加水平对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选择60周龄罗曼白壳商品蛋鸡300羽;试验随机分为5组;添加水平分别为0（对照组）;30、60、120、240 mg/kg;每组6个重复;每个重复10羽鸡;预试期1周;正试期8周。结果表明:与对照组相比;蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能（P＜0.05）;与对照组相比;蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著提高蛋壳硬度、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄相对重以及蛋黄颜色（P＜0.05）;蛋黄总胆固醇含量极显著降低（P＜0.01）。综上所述;在蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著改善其产蛋性能和蛋品质。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究槲皮素对蛋鸡蛋壳品质的影响。选择体重和产蛋率相近的240只29周龄蛋鸡,随机分4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.02%、0.04%、0.06%槲皮素。结果表明:①与对照组相比,产蛋高峰期试验2组的蛋壳相对重极显著提高(P<0.01);在产蛋后期各试验组的蛋壳厚度均显著提高(P<0.05),试验2、3组的蛋壳相对重分别提高0.27%(P<0.05)和0.48%(P<0.01),试验1、2组的鸡蛋破软壳率极显著降低(P<0.01)。②产蛋高峰期各试验组的蛋壳钙含量均显著升高(P<0.05);产蛋后期试验2、3组的蛋壳钙含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验3组蛋壳磷含量显著降低(P<0.05)。③产蛋高峰期和后期各试验组的血清钙含量均极显著提高(P<0.01);在产蛋高峰期试验2组的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量极显著提高(P<0.01);在产蛋后期试验1组的血清ALP含量极显著降低(P<0.01),试验2、3组的血清羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,0.04%槲皮素可有效改善产蛋后期蛋壳品质。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究脂肪酶对蛋鸡生产性能的影响.试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取9 600只370日龄的罗曼蛋鸡,随机分到2个处理组,每个处理组8个重复,每个重复600只鸡.基础饲粮采用玉米-豆粕型饲粮.试验组在对照组代谢能水平2.65 Mcal/kg基础上,减少油脂添加量而降低30 kcal/kg代谢能,同时添加200 mg/kg脂肪酶（其酶活5 000 U/g）.试验结果表明蛋鸡产蛋中后期（370日龄）,在饲粮代谢能水平降低30 kcal/kg的同时添加脂肪酶,可显著提高平均产蛋率（P＜0.05）,极显著地降低平均死亡率（P＜0.01）. 相似文献
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利用植酸酶可以水解植物性饲料中植酸的原理,探讨在产蛋鸡饲料中添加商品植酸酶替代不同水平磷酸氢钙的效果.选用50～54周海兰褐产蛋鸡为试验对象,在每千克饲料申添加400 FYT植酸酶分别替代8 g、16 g的磷酸氢钙,观测植酸酶对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响.结果显示,用400 FYT植酸酶替代16 g磷酸氢钙可以保持产蛋鸡生产性能不变,而替代8 g磷酸氢钙可以提高产蛋鸡的生产性能,只日产量、产蛋率、料蛋比分别提高3.4%、3.6%、3.7%.因此,在产蛋鸡饲料中用400FYT植酸酶替代8 g磷酸氢钙可以提高产蛋鸡生产性能,同时也可以降低饲料配方中的总磷. 相似文献
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