成母牛配种前发病对配种受胎率的影响分析

[目的]分析2020—2022年318个奶牛场3 403 957条成母牛配种事件及配种受胎率,旨在分析不同胎次、配种次数、产后天数下不同发病间隔天数分组对应受胎率情况。[方法]对牛只配种前发病间隔天数进行分组,根据各分组内牛只配种事件与配种结果进行统计,并计算受胎率,配种怀孕事件数占配种实际总数（已知孕检结果）的比例,对比不同维度下发病间隔天数分组对应受胎率的差异。[结果]（1）配种前发病间隔天数>30天分组对应1胎、2胎、3胎、4胎、5胎及以上受胎率分别为43.6%、41.1%、40.6%、39.4%、37.8%;配种前发病间隔天数0～5天、6～10天分组各胎次对应受胎率24%～30%,29%～33%,较基准低10～14个百分点。（2）配种前发病间隔天数>30天分组对应产后120天以内,121～210天,211～300天,300天以上受胎率分别为41%～48%,35%～40%、33%～34%、32.6%;配种前发病间隔天数0～5天、6～10天分组各胎次对应受胎率22%～28%,25%～33%。（3）配种前发病间隔天数>30天分组对应第1次,第2次,第3次,第4次,第...     

胚胎因素对肉羊胚胎移植效果的影响

为提高肉羊胚胎移植的妊娠率,研究了胚胎发育阶段、胚胎体外保存时间和移植胚胎数对肉羊胚胎妊娠率的影响。结果表明:发育阶段对妊娠率有显著影响,在移植胚胎数量相同的情况下,囊胚的受胎率(58.7%)高于桑椹胚(56.4%)(P<0.05);胚胎体外保存0～10 min、10～30 min、30～60 min、60 min以上的妊娠率分别为66.7%、65.0%、60.0%、63.3%,四者间均没有显著差异(P>0.05);移植胚胎的数量对受胎率有显著影响,移植2枚囊胚的受胎率(67.7%)显著高于移植2枚桑椹胚(61.2%)、1枚囊胚(58.7%)、1枚桑椹胚的受胎率(56.4%)(P<0.05)。     

新疆褐牛同期发情和同期排卵—定时输精效果

[目的]新疆褐牛是新疆北疆牧区养牛业主导品种,夏季放牧区新疆褐牛人工授精集中冷配点模式的广泛推广,对新疆褐牛选育提高和新品系培育起到了积极作用,为探索新疆褐牛同期发情和同期排卵—定时输精最佳处理方法。[方法]试验选用2胎以上45头牛,分3组,A组,PG+PG法;B组,PG法;C组,CIDR+PG法,比较3种同期发情处理方法效果,同时选用2胎以上20头牛,分2组,D组,GnRH+PG+GnRH+AI法;E组,CIDR+GnRH+PG+GnRH+AI法,比较2种同期排卵—定时输精方法效果。[结果]结果表明,3种不同同期发情处理方法母牛集中在12～24 h内发情,其中12～24 h内A组和C组处理方法母牛发情率极显著高于B组处理方法(P0.01),C组比A组高出32.3%,B组和C组母牛总发情率差异不显著(P0.05),A、B、C 3组总发情率分别达到86.7%,40.0%,93.3%;发情母牛经人工授精配种后,情期受胎率3组差异不显著(P0.05)。2种同期排卵—定时输精方法中,E组发情牛排卵率显著高于D组,D组和E组总受胎率差异不显著(P0.05)。[结论]综上所述,新疆褐牛同期发情处理应采用B组方法,即2次PG法,即降低了成本,有可取得较好的效果;同期排卵—定时输精宜采用D组方法,成本低,且受胎率较好,适宜在牧区集中人工授精冷配点推广。     

牛细管冻精解冻后常温保存对受胎率的影响试验

[目的]为测试牛细管冷冻精液解冻后在常温水中的保存时间对精子活力的影响,为非定点配种寻求有效简便的冻精携带方法,观察精子在不同解冻温度下的存活时间及受胎率。[方法]选择5个解冻温区及不同时间解冻肉牛细管冻精,解冻后置于常温水(17℃~19℃)中保存,观测解冻温度和精子存活时间对受胎率的影响。[结果]50℃、60℃、70℃、解冻后精子的保存时间差异不显著,保存至72h时精子活力均低于0.35;受胎率差异不显著;随保存时间延长,受胎率呈下降趋势,在48h以内情期受胎率和总受胎率分别维持在61.8%~67.1%和91.9~95.8。[结论]70℃各时间段解冻后保存效果最佳,60℃解冻组次之,二者在精子活力≥0.35时情期受胎率和总受胎率达到63.0%、92.5%,略高于当地黄牛两项受胎率的平均值61.1%、91.7%,解冻后细管精液置于常温水中携带到较远的区域输精对精子活力、母牛受胎率无影响。     

肉牛人工冻配受胎率试验研究

[目的]为提高人工冻配受胎率,降低肉牛饲养成本,提高肉牛养殖经济效益。[方法]通过对冻配不同部位、不同时间及解冻温度等进行统计分析。[结果]结果表明,在发情结束后4～6 h,输精部位在子宫角1/3处,解冻温度为40℃输精,母牛的受胎率为最高。     

定时输精对奶牛第一情期受胎率的效果分析

[目的]探讨不同月份和精液类型对利用定时输精程序处理奶牛后第一情期受胎率的影响.[方法]选择93头产后60 d以上不发情和产后配1～3次仍未受胎的奶牛,不检查卵巢直接利用激素生源2+1进行同期发情处理.1～3月份处理41头奶牛,6～8月份处理52头;其中,利用性控精液配种58头,常规精液配种35头.[结果]表明:经定时...     

羊同期发情腹腔镜输精最佳时间的研究

[目的]确定羊同期发情腹腔镜输精的最佳时间。[方法]选取繁殖机能正常、营养状况良好的适龄母羊,在试验母羊阴道内放置孕酮海绵栓10~14 d,撤栓时肌肉注射250~330 IU/只孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）。撤栓后12~24 h开始试情,早晚各1次。按撤栓后时间及发情时间不同分4组进行腹腔镜输精：1组为撤栓后46~50 h输精（n=138）,2组为撤栓后50~54 h输精（n=156）,3组为撤栓后54~58 h输精（n=275）,4组为羊发情后30~36 h输精（n=226）。输精后第40~45天进行B超检查,计算各组母羊受胎率。[结果]发情后30~36 h输精的母羊（4组）受胎率最高,为97.79%,其次为撤栓后50~54 h输精的母羊（2组）,受胎率为97.44%,撤栓后46~50 h输精的母羊（1组）受胎率为91.30%;撤栓后54~58 h输精的母羊（3组）受胎率最低,为89.82%。[结论]采用同期发情配合腹腔镜输精技术进行母羊人工授精,最佳输精时间为撤栓后50~54 h以及母羊发情后30~36 h。     

冷冻精液输精深度和时间对蒙古羊受胎率的影响

[目的] 研究冷冻精液输精深度和时间对蒙古羊受胎率的影响。[方法] 选取体况健康、繁殖机能正常的蒙古羊母羊作为试验动物,采用孕酮海绵栓对受体母羊进行同期发情处理。应用常规人工输精法（n=135）、过子宫颈输精法[过子宫颈第一皱褶（1~2 cm）输精（n=120）,过子宫颈第二到第三皱褶（3~4 cm）输精（n=120）]、腹腔镜辅助子宫内输精法（n=128）对发情后的母羊进行冷冻精液人工授精。接受常规人工输精法和过子宫颈输精法处理的受体母羊在发情后约14 h和22 h各输精1次,接受腹腔镜辅助子宫内输精法处理的受体母羊在发情后30~36 h输精1次。输精后40 d用B超仪检测母羊妊娠情况,计算并比较接受不同输精方法处理母羊的受胎率。[结果] 腹腔镜辅助子宫内输精法的受体母羊受胎率平均值最高,为60.2%;其次为过子宫颈第二到第三皱褶（3~4 cm）输精,受胎率平均值为58.3%;过子宫颈第一皱褶（1~2 cm）输精和常规输精法的受体母羊受胎率平均值分别为37.5%和36.3%。统计学分析表明,腹腔镜辅助子宫内输精法和过子宫颈第二到第三皱褶（3~4 cm）输精的受体母羊受胎率平均值显著（P<0.05）高于常规输精法和过子宫颈第一皱褶（1~2 cm）输精。[结论] 蒙古羊母羊发情后30~36 h采用腹腔镜辅助子宫内输精法完全穿刺子宫颈输精1次,可获得比常规输精法更高的受胎率;采用过子宫颈输精法在母羊发情后约14 h和22 h各输精1次,当授精深度接近4 cm时可达到与腹腔镜辅助子宫内输精法接近的受胎率。     

提高水牛配种受胎率的试验性研究

本文针对水牛的发情特点、适时输精、输精部位、输精次数、以及外源激素对配种受胎率的影响进行探讨。结果:①水牛发情持续时间变化范围比较大,可以从1天至几天不等,发情特征性表现不如黄牛明显,大部分水牛在发情后36~40h即进入发情的后期或末期,平均40h左右输精受胎率可达61.9%,效果最好,24h以前、60h以后输精,受胎率分别为25.7%和32%,效果不理想;②在子宫颈与子宫体交界处,配种受胎率达63.1%,分别比子宫颈内、子宫体前1/3、子宫体与子宫角分叉处输精高出60、21.1和57个百分点,差异显著(P<0.01),为最佳输精部位;③水牛发情时进行2次输精受胎率达65.3%,比1次输精高出26.1个百分点,差异显著(P<0.01);④水牛发情后24h、36h、48h用HCG、LRH-A3处理后,配种受胎率分别为65.7%、71.1%和68.6%,分别比对照组高出43.8、7.8和16.2个百分点以上,差异显著(P<0.01)。     

怎样饲养母猪赚钱多

1提高母猪受胎率 重复配（纯繁）：母猪1个发情期内用同1头公猪交配2次,每次间隔时间为8～12h以上,受胎率高。双重配（杂交）：母猪1个发情期内用同一品种或不同品种的2头公猪间隔10～15h各配1次,受胎率高,产仔多,效果好。多次配：母猪1个发情期内用同1头公猪先后配3次或3次以上,受胎率高,产仔多,效果极佳,在养猪生产上常常采用这种方法。     

Pregnancy in dairy cows in various times of the year in relation to thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels

Conception of dairy cows was investigated in relation to changes in thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in March (n = 15), June (n = 10) November (n = 7) after oestrus synchronization by cloprostenol (Oestrophan Spofa) at a dose of 0.05 mg per head. The cows were inseminated from 8.00 to 9.00 o'clock a.m. Blood was taken from 9.00 to 10.00 a.m. from v. jugularis on the day of Oestrophan treatment (-3rd day), on the day of insemination (day 0), and on the 6th and 21st day after insemination. The lowest percentage of pregnant cows (26.67%) was recorded after the March insemination, the highest (50.0%) after the June insemination. 42.86% of cows became pregnant in November. Concentrations T4 in pregnant animals on the day 0 of March insemination were 67.55 +/- 16.95 nmol.1-alpha of serum. Nonsignificant decrease to value 65.60 +/- 10.06 and 49.33 +/- 17.47 nmol.l-1 of serum were observed on the day of June and November insemination. In T3 concentrations an average decrease from the values of 2.53 +/- 0.67 nmol.l-alpha on day 0 of the March insemination to 1.48 +/- 0.67 nmol.l-alpha on day 0 of the June insemination was observed, as well as a significant decrease to 0.80 +/- 0.45 nmol.l-1 of serum (P less than 0.05) on the day of the November insemination. Considering the results we suppose that the conception of dairy cows has an indirect relationship to thyroid hormones.     

人绒毛膜促性腺激素对母驴促排卵效果的研究

[目的]研究人绒毛膜促性腺激素（human chorionic gonadotropin,hCG）对母驴卵泡发育、排卵率、受胎率以及血清生殖激素水平的影响。[方法]选择优势卵泡直径在30~35 mm以及大于35 mm的母驴各30头,不同优势卵泡直径的母驴群体分别设置1个500 IU/头hCG处理组（n=10）、1个1 000 IU/头hCG处理组（n=10）、1个不接受hCG处理的对照组（n=10）。采用肌肉注射方法对各组母驴进行hCG处理。每隔24 h进行1次B超检查,观察各组母驴卵泡发育情况,测量卵泡直径;记录各组发生排卵的母驴数量,计算排卵率。对各组母驴进行人工输精,输精后第18天进行孕检,记录各组受胎母驴头数,计算各组受胎率。于hCG处理后0、24、48、72 h分别测定各组母驴血清中雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）和孕酮（progesterone,PROG）水平。[结果]2个群体母驴的卵泡直径随hCG注射剂量的增加而增大;优势卵泡直径大于35 mm的母驴群体中,肌肉注射hCG的2个组在处理后24 h内均出现排卵,而对照组母驴没有排卵;优势卵泡直径不同的2个母驴群体,在hCG处理48 h后排卵母驴数和排卵率与对照组相比均有所提高,其中,hCG处理后72 h,优势卵泡直径大于35 mm的母驴群体中,1 000 IU/头 hCG处理组的排卵率达到100%。2个母驴群体中,接受hCG处理的母驴,受胎率均高于对照,并且随hCG剂量的增加,受胎率有所提高;优势卵泡直径大于35 mm的母驴群体中,1 000 IU/头 hCG处理组的受胎率达到50%。2个母驴群体中,1 000 IU/头处理组在hCG处理后24 h的血清E₂浓度均较0 h时有较大幅度的提升,在0~72 h内血清PROG浓度的总体提升幅度较大。[结论]hCG处理可提高母驴的排卵率、受胎率以及血清中E₂和PROG水平,1 000 IU/头剂量的效果更好。     

Conception rates in cows after various synchronisation techniques using progesterone releasing intravaginal devices

The effects of different treatments for oestrus synchronisation on the incidence of oestrus and fertility levels in dairy cows were studied in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, 200 lactating cows were allotted to 5 groups and the treatments imposed were either; 1: Untreated controls, 2: An injection of 0.5 mg of cloprostenol followed 13 days later by a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) inserted for 12 days, 3: A PRID, with a capsule containing 10 mg of oestradiol benzoate (ODB) attached, inserted for 12 days, 4: A PRID inserted for 12 days with 0.5 mg of cloprostenol administered 24 h before PRID removal or, 5: As for 4 but 14 days after fixed-time insemination a second PRID was inserted for 12 days. Treated cows were inseminated 56 h after PRID removal and at an observed oestrus during the subsequent 30 days. The control group was inseminated at an observed oestrus during this 30-day period. For treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, the percentage of cows showing oestrus by 60 h after PRID removal was 70, 40, 67 and 43 and conception rates to the fixed time insemination were 34, 33, 49 and 29%. Calving rates of cows inseminated at an observed oestrus during a 30-day period were 70, 75, 70, 83 and 82% for treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. In Experiment 2, 60 lactating cows were divided into 2 groups and the treatments imposed were either 1: An injection of 0.5 mg of cloprostenol followed 13 days later by a PRID inserted for 12 days or 2: As for 1 but 14 days after fixed-time insemination a second PRID was inserted for 12 days. Treated cows were inseminated 56 h after PRID removal and at an observed oestrus over a period from the first insemination to 6 days after removal of the second PRID. For treatments 1 and 2, respectively, 73 and 71% of cows showed oestrus by 60 h after removal of the first PRID and 40% and 46% conceived to the fixed time insemination. The conception rates to inseminations over the treatment period were 73 and 70% for treatments 1 and 2, respectively. None of the treatments resulted in conception rates which were lower than those of control cows provided that treated cows were reinseminated at observed oestrus. Treatment 4 provided the most practicable technique for oestrus synchronisation.     

郏县红牛与夏南牛同期发情定时输精效果分析

[目的]探讨“同期发情定时输精”技术在不同群体中的实施效果,提升郏县红牛和夏南牛的繁殖效率,发挥地方良种的繁殖力。[方法]试验以100头郏县红牛和198头夏南牛为研究对象,采用戈那瑞林和PG 079同期发情方案对其进行处理,分析同期发情定时输精效果。[结果]100头郏县红牛的平均受胎率为76.4%,198头夏南牛后备母牛的受胎率为100%。[结论]同期发情定时输精处理的后备牛受胎率高于经产牛。     

Unilateral intrauterine horn insemination of fresh semen in cats

The sperm count required were investigated to obtain a conception rate of 80% by unilateral intrauterine insemination (UIUI) of fresh semen in cats. The conception rates obtained by insemination before and after ovulation were also examined. Thirty-six female cats aged 1-7 years were used in the experiments, and the number of experimental cases was 44. Seven male cats aged 2-12 years from which semen could be collected by the artificial vagina method were used. In artificial insemination, 100 iu x 2 or 250 iu of hCG was administered on days 2-4 of estrus, and sperm were introduced into the uterine horn with a greater number of ovulations (or mature follicles) 15, 20 and 30 hr after hCG administration by laparotomy. The inseminated sperm counts were 2 x 10(6) (Exp. 1). 4 x 10(6) (Exp. 2), and 8 x 10(6) (Exp. 3). As a result, ovulation was induced in 42 of 44 cases (induction rate: 95.5%) regardless of the dosage of hCG. Conception was obtained by UIUI in two of 16 animals (conception rate: 12.5%) in the Exp. 1, five of 16 animals (31.3%) in Exp. 2, and eight of 10 animals (80.0%) in Exp. 3. Regarding the relationship between the ovulation state at insemination and conception, the conception rate obtained by insemination before ovulation was clearly higher than that obtained by insemination after ovulation (p<0.05). Regarding the number of kits compared to the number of ovulations on the inseminated side, the percentages of cases in which the number of kits exceeded the number of ovulations on the inseminated side were similar in all groups inseminated with a different number of sperm. It is therefore necessary to investigate conception rates obtained by bilateral insemination to increase the fertility rate. Based on the above findings, it was shown that the sperm count required for fertilization by UIUI is 8 x 10(6).     

人胎盘组织液对奶牛同期发情受胎率的影响

[目的]为提高奶牛受胎率本试验针对人胎盘组织液提高受胎率,[方法]同时做了两批同期发情,分别为A组和B组,A组没有使用人胎盘组织液,B组使用了胎盘组织液,奶牛发情后,进行人工授精,40天后用B超进行孕检,从试验结果看到注射胎盘组织液的A组受胎率明显高于没有注射的B组。[结论]证明人胎盘组织液对提高奶牛发情具有良好作用。     

安格斯肉牛与牦牛杂交及其效果研究

［目的］为了进一步优化牦牛肉品质,有效缩短牦牛养殖周期,提高其受胎率和犊牛成活率。［方法］本研究进行了安格斯肉牛与牦牛杂交试验,,利用安格斯肉牛冷冻精液,对251头经产母牦牛进行了人工授精。［结果］人工授精后,分别于2013年产犊42头,成活率66.67%;2014年产犊51头,成活率95.7%;2015年产犊67头,成活率91.04%。［结论］牦牛膘情较好时期,受胎率可达83.33%,接近于奶牛人工授精的受胎率,达到了青海省牦牛人工授精的较高水平。     

复合添加剂对解冻后奶牛性控冻精质量及受胎率的影响

【目的】试验旨在研究以褪黑素和地诺前列腺素组成的复合添加剂对奶牛性控冻精解冻后精子质量及奶牛人工授精后受胎率的影响。【方法】30份奶牛性控冻精样均分为2组：试验组和对照组,试验组添加由24 ng/mL褪黑素、1.5 mg/mL地诺前列腺素及精液稀释液组成的250μL复合添加剂,对照组添加250μL精液稀释液,试验组和对照组均与解冻后的奶牛性控冻精按照1∶1(V/V)进行混合,室温孵育0、2及4 h,通过免疫荧光染色分析精子活率、顶体完整率、高能线粒体活性精子比率;对216头青年奶牛和82头头胎奶牛输精后通过28 d早孕检测来确定受胎率情况。【结果】与对照组相比,经复合添加剂处理0 h的性控冻精活率、顶体完整率及高能线粒体活性精子比率均无显著变化(P>0.05);经复合添加剂处理2 h的性控冻精活率、顶体完整率、高能线粒体活性精子比率均显著升高(P<0.05);经复合添加剂处理4 h的性控冻精活率和顶体完整率均无显著变化(P>0.05),高能线粒体活性精子比率显著升高(P<0.05)。在输精试验中,试验组青年奶牛和头胎奶牛中的受胎率分别为65.22%和48.21%...