蜂窝状活性竹炭帘的研制及在水净化处理中的应用

利用竹炭具有较好的吸附作用和六角形分子稳固结构的性能,将竹质活性炭、壳聚糖、纤维素及添加剂合成蜂窝状活性竹炭帘应用于水污染处理,解决了传统活性炭无法固定、机械强度不足、吸附后无法脱释的问题。在生物法污水处理中,可为微生物成长环境提供生长膜,节约大量的絮凝剂,用于臭氧法污水处理降解COD可起到再生脱释,达到重复利用、持续吸附的目的。     

空气净化网上光催化剂和活性炭相互增强净化能力的作用机理

采用浸涂法在活性炭空气净化网上负载纳米二氧化钛，在紫外光的照射下，净化网对一氧化碳、甲醛、硫化氢等污染物的净化能力明显增强，对比实验表明，在紫外光照射下光催化剂使被吸附的污染物发生降解反应而提高活性炭的净化能力。活性 吸附作用为光催化反应浓度环境，加速反应速率。     

活性炭对组织培养中几种植物激素的吸附作用

研究了活性炭对IAA、KT和2,4-D 3种植物激素的吸附作用,结果表明:活性炭对IAA和KT的吸附能力远远大于对2,4-D的吸附能力;不同粒级活性炭对3种激素的吸附能力均差别不大;当震荡时间超过12 h时活性炭对3种激素的吸附量均明显增加。在试验范围内,IAA、KT和2,4-D 3种激素的被吸附量均与活性炭用量呈显著线性相关。MS培养基成分、植物激素及活性炭添加的先后顺序与激素的被吸附量无显著相关。     

绿豆水培中活性炭对幼苗生长的影响

试验发现在绿豆种子水培中,添加活性炭、木炭能明显促进幼苗生长。经检验是因为炭能有效吸附单宁等酚类化合物,避免了这些物质对幼苗组织中蛋白酶的抑制作用。     

银杏活性炭对4种有毒气体和铅镐离子的吸附作用

为了验证银杏活性炭的吸附效果,分别采用静态吸附法和动态吸附法,研究了银杏活性炭对部分有毒气体及铅、镉两种重金属离子的吸附作用.结果表明:银杏活性炭对甲醛、苯、氨气、三氯甲烷这4种气体的吸附能力都较强,其对甲醛的吸附能力最强.吸附率可达到140%;银杏活性炭吸附铅、镉离子的效果也较好,对铅离子的吸附量接近200 mg·g...     

活性炭对卷烟烟气中汞和铅的吸附

为探究活性炭孔隙结构及表面化学性质对卷烟主流烟气中重金属元素汞和铅吸附作用的影响,分别以H_3PO_4及H_3PO_4复合KH_2PO_4活化法制备的两种杏壳活性炭作为卷烟滤嘴的吸附剂材料,研究了活性炭不同的孔隙结构及表面含氧官能团含量在吸附中的作用。结果表明:活性炭的孔隙结构是影响重金属元素吸附性能的重要因素之一,活性炭中孔径范围在0.852~1.096 nm的孔隙有利于卷烟主流烟气中重金属元素汞的吸附,孔径范围在1.245~1.534 nm的孔隙有利于卷烟主流烟气中重金属元素铅的吸附;比表面积与汞、铅元素的吸附无明显相关性;提高活性炭表面含氧酸性官能团含量有利于卷烟烟气中汞和铅的吸附;汞和铅在活性炭表面的吸附位一致,存在竞争吸附现象。     

镍冶炼用的活性炭制造

铁力木材干馏厂以120目/时的杂木炭粉末为原料,使用木焦油蒸馏过程中240～320℃的重油馏份和软化点为70～90℃木沥青为粘结剂,经过加工处理制造了镍冶炼用的颗粒状活性炭。应用这种活性炭能简化镍冶炼工艺流程,降低镍冶炼辅助材料消耗,更重要的是可以提高镍的纯度,是镍冶炼工业的一项新工艺。镍冶炼用的活性炭,是一种直径为2毫米以下的圆柱状颗粒炭。其特殊要求是在镍冶炼的电解液中活性炭对铜、铅、锌电解液杂质要有较大的吸附作用,同时炭还具有一定的强度。镍冶炼用活性炭的制造过程如下图: 制造的方法是:将除去砂石等杂质的木炭     

百合杂交种培育研究

针对不同培养基对百合苗增殖情况、长势及生根情况等方面进行了研究,结果表明,在高无机盐浓度并附加高浓度BA和低浓度NAA的培养基上适合百合苗的继代培养。最适于百合继代生长的培养基配方为:MS+BA1mg.L-1+NAA0.01mg.L-1+活性炭2g.L-1。方差分析表明,无机盐浓度和活性炭浓度对试验结果有显著影响。最佳生根培养基配方为MS+NAA0.1mg.L-1+活性炭1.5g.L-1和1/2MS+NAA0.1mg.L-1+活性炭1.5g.L-1。试验中还得出在培养基中加入活性炭能促进百合的生长并对生根培养有一定的促进作用。百合生根苗最佳移栽基质为1/3沙土+1/3草炭+1/3腐殖土。     

氧化石墨烯对美国红栌组培苗不定根发生的影响

为了解氧化石墨烯(Grapherie oxide,以下简称GO)对植物组培苗根系的影响,本试验研究了不同浓度GO处理对美国红栌组培苗不定根的形态、分化以及植株生长状况的影响,同时还研究了GO对美国红栌组培苗生根培养基电导率的影响。研究发现,适当浓度的氧化石墨烯能够促进美国红栌组培苗不定根的伸长,但并不能促进其根系根数的增多;各浓度的氧化石墨烯能够促进植株芽的分化,但对植株茎段的伸长没有影响;较高浓度的GO能够使培养基电导率略微下降,GO对生根培养基中有机营养物质具有较强的吸附作用,具有缓释控释效果,能够在生长的中后期促进植株生长和生根。     

氮化活性炭的研制与应用

前言活性炭作为吸附剂在各种气相、液相中广泛使用,近代随着工业的发展和解决环境污染问题的日益迫切,对活性炭更寄于极大的期望,要求活性炭在更广泛的范围内具有适应性和更大的吸附容量。为了实现这一目的,活性炭的研究者们从六十年代起就致力于这方面的研究。但山本协子的试验表明,排烟脱硫用活性炭的表面积在不断增大时,其吸附二氧化硫的能力并不随之增大,并且在达到一定吸附值以后,反而会衰减。活性炭的吸附作用不仅取决于孔结构,而且还取决于炭表面的化学结构。因此人们又把研究的重点放在炭表面化学官能团(化学活性点)的作用方面。     

蝴蝶兰组培苗瓶内生根的研究

生根培养主要从培养基、生长素和糖类上研究。研究结果表明,最佳生根培养基为KC＋IAA0.8mg/L＋糖10g/L＋琼脂10g/L＋活性炭2g/L,pH值5.4。     

Requirements for in vitro rooting of Quercus robur and Q. rubra shoots derived from mature trees

Stabilized shoot cultures initiated from crown material of six adult Quercus robur L. trees and from basal epicormic shoots of a Quercus rubra L. tree showed good in vitro rooting capacity. An initial five-day dark period generally improved the rooting response but was detrimental to plantlet quality. There were clonal differences in rooting capacity. The concentration and exposure time of the indolebutyric acid (IBA) treatment were critical for root induction. In both species, best rooting efficiency was achieved by culture in medium containing 25 mg l(-1) IBA for 24 h and subsequent transfer to an auxin-free medium containing 1% activated charcoal. For all clones tested, the charcoal benefited both shoot quality and root system development, the latter being enhanced by the formation of many lateral roots. Total root system area and length, measured with a digital image analyzer, were significantly greater in medium containing charcoal than in medium lacking charcoal. Because darkening the basal part of the shoots with aluminum foil during the rooting phase only caused a small increase in rooting, we conclude that the large effect of charcoal on rooting was the result of adsorption of inhibitory compounds from the medium or the explant or both, rather than of basal darkening. Other factors affecting the rooting response of Q. robur were: (a) the position on the tree of the material from which cultures were initiated (the topophysical effect); and (b) shoot quality. Recycling the same horizontally placed explant on multiplication medium allowed three successive crops of shoots to be obtained, and rootability was typically maintained from crop to crop.     

Somatic embryo production and plant regeneration of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii)

Somatic embryogenesis in Pinus thunbergii was initiated from megagametophytes containing immature zygotic embryos. Embryogenic cultures were maintained and proliferated in medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine. High maturation frequencies of somatic embryos were obtained on maturation media containing maltose, activated charcoal, abscisic acid, and polyethylene glycol as osmotic agent. The best result among the cell lines tested was achieved with the cell line T-205-3. More than 900 somatic embryos per petri dish, on average, were obtained after about 8 weeks of culture on maturation medium. Sixty percent of somatic embryos tested germinated after transfer to plant growth regulator-free medium and then 85% of them converted into plantlets.     

宜昌百合的组织培养研究

试验以宜昌百合的鳞茎为外植体,研究宜昌百合组织培养快繁的最佳方法。结果表明:宜昌百合鳞茎的最适诱导培养基为:MS+6-BA 1.0 mg.L-1+NAA 2.0 mg.L-1,添加20%的椰乳和0.5%的活性炭,同时可以有效地防止宜昌百合在培养时产生褐化;较适的生根培养基为:1/2MS+0.6 mg.L-1IBA+0.5%AC。该实验结果为宜昌百合的快速繁殖及工业化生产提供了理论基础和技术支持。     

Efficient plant regeneration of Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) via somatic embryogenesis

This report describes the efficient plant regeneration of Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb et Zucc. via somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic cultures were initiated from megagametophytes containing immature zygotic embryos. Embryogenic cultures were maintained and proliferated by 2–3-week interval subcultures in medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine. High maturation frequencies of cotyledonary embryos were obtained on maturation medium containing maltose, polyethylene glycol, activated charcoal, and abscisic acid. Somatic embryos germinated readily after transfer to plant growth regulator-free medium. Growth of regenerated emblings has been monitored in a greenhouse.     

利用低温竹炭制备竹活性炭初步研究

选用低温竹炭为原料、氢氧化钾为活化剂,制备不同炭碱比和不同活化时间的竹活性炭。运用傅立叶红外光谱议(FTIR)、比表面积测定仪(BET)等仪器对竹活性炭表面官能团、比表面积和孔径结构及比电容进行了测试和分析。结果表明,炭碱比1:4、活化温度700℃、活化时间3h条件下制备的竹活性炭,比表面积为2897.7m2/g,总孔容为1.340cm3/g,平均孔径为2.59nm,亚甲基蓝吸附值为27.7ml/0.1g,碘吸附值为1920mg/g,作为超级电容器(EDLC)的电极,其比电容为114.4F/g。     

枯斑盘多毛孢菌粗毒素的基本性质研究

本文对松赤枯病菌（Pestalotia funeren Desm.)培养液粗提物的基本性质进行了初步研究。结果表明，松赤枯病菌培养液中有致病物质即毒素存在，该菌在PD培养液中能达到最大产毒量；松针浸出汁对毒素的产量和致病活性没有明显的促进作用，培养15天的培养液有较高的致萎蔫的活性，随着培养时间的延长其致萎活性没有较大的提高。该毒素是一类极性较大的非蛋白类物质，能用甲醇将其从培养液中较好地提取出来。pH值对毒素粗提液致病活性无显著影响，毒素粗提液中活性成分能被活性碳吸附。     

活性竹炭负载TiO_2及其对苯酚的吸附降解

以活性竹炭(ABC)为基体,通过溶胶浸渍的方法获得了TiO2/ABC材料,并研究了对苯酚的吸附降解。结果表明:活性竹炭上负载的TiO2的物相和晶粒大小跟热处理温度有关。活性竹炭负载TiO后吸附能力变化不大,但赋予了其一定的光催化能力。     

Thidiazuron-induced somatic embryos,their multiplication,maturation, and conversion in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cinnamomum pauciflorum</Emphasis> Nees (Lauraceae)

Thidiazuron (TDZ) induced somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos in Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees while 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or picloram only induced callus and/or adventitious buds. The highest induction frequency for somatic embryogenesis was achieved with MS medium (Murashige and Skoog in Physiol Plant 15:473–497 1962) supplemented with 2.5 μM TDZ using torpedo-shaped embryos (3–5 mm in length) as explants. In addition, induction medium was supplemented with 0.8 g l⁻¹ casein, 0.4 g l⁻¹ glutamine, and 10 g l⁻¹ sucrose. Somatic embryos (SEs) initiated from root tips or hypocotyls without callus formation. SEs were maintained and multiplied via secondary somatic embryogenesis. Embryo maintenance medium was similar to induction medium except that TDZ was reduced to 0.5 μM. Secondary embryogenesis was enhanced by supplementation of 5 g l⁻¹ activated charcoal in the culture. The best medium for embryo maturation was MS medium containing 30 g l⁻¹ sucrose and 5 g l⁻¹ Phytagel without plant growth regulators. A typical mature SE consisted of two large cotyledons and a short embryo proper. Approximately 82% of selected mature SEs were able to germinate and 63% could convert into plantlets on germination medium that was composed of half strength MS medium salts, 10 g l⁻¹ sucrose, 3 g l⁻¹ Phytagel, and 5 g l⁻¹ activated charcoal.