瘤胃投饲不同水平保护赖氨酸对肉牛小肠氨基酸流量和消化率的影响

采用基础日粮 待测氨基酸法,研究添加不同水平保护赖氨酸对肉牛小肠氨基酸流量和消化率的影响.基础日粮由小麦糠、玉米和豆粕等组成,能量和蛋白质等营养水平按肉牛营养需要和饲养标准供给.选择体况良好、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠前端和回肠末端瘘管的利木赞×鲁西黄牛杂交公牛6头作为试验动物,采用6×6拉丁方设计,试验设6个赖氨酸水平,分别在基础日粮的基础上添加0、6、9、12、15和18 g/d包被赖氨酸,对肉牛十二指肠、回肠氨基酸流通量进行了研究.结果表明瘤胃投饲保护赖氨酸能显著增加十二指肠EAA、TAA、Met、Ile、Leu、Lys、Glu的流通量(P＜0.05);进而提高EAA、TAA、Thr、Cys、Val、Met、Ile、Lys、Ala、Tyr和Pro在小肠的表观消化率(P＜0.05).本试验条件下赖氨酸最适添加量为15 g/d.     

敖汉细毛羊小肠氨基酸流量和消化率的研究

选取9只安装有永久性瘤胃、近端十二指肠、回肠末端瘘管,体重35～45kg的1.5周岁敖汉细毛羊半同胞羯羊进行试验,测定了基础日粮条件下敖汉细毛羊消化道不同部位氨基酸流通量与消化率。结果表明,基础日粮条件下,敖汉细毛羊十二指肠含硫氨基酸流量较小,仅为36.20mmol/d,且十二指肠氨基酸不平衡,影响氨基酸的利用率,限制生产性能的发挥。     

在氨基酸平衡日粮内不同代谢葡萄糖水平对绒山羊小肠氨基酸表观消化率的影响

选用9只体况良好,体重23～25kg的2岁安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠瘘管和回肠瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊半同胞羯羊进行试验,试验采用随机区组设计,3个组试验羊灌注相同水平氨基酸、不同水平的葡萄糖,使进入绒山羊十二指肠的各种氨基酸(日粮氨基酸+灌注氨基酸)达到M 85+C15(即85%的肌肉和15%的绒毛氨基酸模式)的理想氨基酸模式,1、2、3组的代谢葡萄糖水平分别为35.56、55.56和70.56g/d。结果表明;本试验条件下,随代谢葡萄糖水平的提高,NEAA及EAA中Lys、ArgI、lu、Val、Phe的表观消化率降低,2、3组明显低于1组(P<0.05);2、3组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

日粮添加苹果渣对山羊营养物质表观消化率的影响

试验以济南当地波尔杂交山羊为研究对象,探讨日粮中添加不同含量的苹果渣对其营养物质表观消化率的影响.试验选取日龄和体重相近、健康的山羊80只,按照单因素随机分组原则,分成4个处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复4只山羊.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1～3组依次在基础日粮中分别添加10％、20％、30％的苹果渣.试验周期为60d.结...     

植酸酶对肉仔鸡料表观回肠氨基酸消化率的影响

前言 直到最近,植酸(PA)基本上还被看作抑制植物性饲料中磷的利用的一个因子;然而,目前获得的证据显示,植酸在单胃畜禽营养中的有害作用决不仅仅是抑制磷的利用(Ravindran等,1995).     

复合异位酸对山羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响

试验研究日粮添加复合异位酸对山羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响。采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,选用3头安装有永久性瘤胃和十二指肠近端瘘管,平均体重为(25.4±0.75)kg的健康麻城黑山羊为试验动物。I组为空白对照,饲喂基础日粮I;II、II组分别饲喂含0.3%和0.6%复合异位酸(钠盐形式)的试验日粮。采用Co-EDTA标记法测定小肠食糜流通量。结果表明:各组瘤胃液pH差异不显著(P>0.05)I;I组NH3-N浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),显著提高了瘤胃乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度(P<0.05)并极显著提高了丁酸浓度(P<0.01),极显著提高了中性洗涤纤维(NDF)前胃消失量和消失率33.55%和12.25%(P<0.01);与对照组相比I,II组显著提高了瘤胃乙酸、TVFA浓度和乙酸/丙酸(P<0.05),并极显著提高了丁酸浓度(P<0.01),显著提高了NDF前胃消失率8.19%(P<0.05)。     

复合异位酸对山羊瘤胃发酵的影响

本试验利用体外产气法研究复合异位酸对比单体异位酸对山羊瘤胃发酵的影响.采用单因子试验设计,设5个处理,分别为添加(占发酵底物质量):0.2%复合异位酸、0.9%异丁酸、0.3%2-甲基丁酸、0.6%戊酸、0.3%异戊酸,每个处理4个重复.体外连续培养24 h,测定累计产气量、细茵氮含量和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)降解率.结果表明,复合异位酸组的累计产气量和细菌氮含量高于其他各组,差异显著(P<0.05);各组间NDF降解率差异均不显著(P>0.05).在本试验中,复合异位酸改善瘤胃发酵的效果优于各单体异位酸.     

棉粕和葵仁粕对草鱼肠道表观氨基酸消化率的影响

在相同条件下定量比较普通棉粕、高蛋白棉粕、棉籽蛋白和向日葵仁粕4种植物蛋白原料及硬颗粒与挤压膨化2种加工工艺对草鱼肠道表观氨基酸消化率的影响。设计蛋白水平(29%)和脂肪水平(3.5%)基本一致的条件,同种原料分别设计低剂量和高剂量2个水平,并且相同配方下同时进行硬颗粒和挤压膨化2种加工处理的试验,共16个试验饲料组,于室内水泥池的网箱中喂养平均体质量(39.4±1.8)g的草鱼45 d。结果表明:从必需氨基酸表观消化率上看,各处理无显著性差异,普通棉粕组的必需氨基酸表观消化率(41.77%)最高,最低为高蛋白棉粕组(37.34%)。膨化饲料组的组氨酸表观消化率显著高于硬颗粒饲料组。     

几种饲料原料的猪氨基酸回肠末端表观消化率和真消化率的测定

试验选用起始体重为(35±1.04)kg的5头健康去势公猪(大白×长白),采用5×5拉丁方设计测定了玉米、豆粕、花生粕和乳清粉的氨基酸回肠末端表观消化率,采用水解酪蛋白法测定了氨基酸的内源损失,并计算得出4种原料的氨基酸回肠末端真消化率。本试验测得的4种原料的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸的表观消化率与真消化率与中国饲料数据库2004年第15版推荐范围比较吻合。     

精油对生长猪蛋白质和氨基酸等回肠末端表观消化率的影响

试验旨在通过采用T型瘘管法,研究精油对生长猪蛋白质和氨基酸等回肠末端表观消化率的影响。试验选用6头(杜×长×大)去势公猪([28.6±1.3)kg],采用3×3双拉丁方试验设计,分别饲喂正对照日粮:玉米-豆粕型基础日粮+抗生素;负对照日粮:无抗基础日粮;精油组日粮:负对照+0.01%精油。每个试验期为7 d,前5 d为适应期,后2 d为食糜收集期。结果表明,在日粮中添加精油可提高(P<0.05)蛋白质、能量、精氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、色氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸、总必需氨基酸、总氨基酸的回肠末端表观消化率,并有提高干物质、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸和酪氨酸表观消化率的趋势(P<0.10)。在日粮中添加0.01%的精油可提高生长猪蛋白质、能量、总必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的回肠末端表观消化率,并有提高干物质表观消化率的趋势。     

Effect of increased methionine level on performance and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in ducks

The experiment was conducted with 960 one-day-old ducklings fed mixtures (I control - 0.28% methionine) additionally supplemented with DL-methionine (DL-Met) at amounts: 0.03% (group II), 0.07% (III), 0.12% (IV) and 0.18% (V). The performance, carcass quality and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids as the criterions of methionine (Met) effectivity were considered. The analysis of growth and development of ducks as an effect of diversified DL-Met supplements indicate that increased content of this amino acid in the diets has not affected clearly the performance parameters. The body weight of 21-day-old ducklings was significantly affected only by the level of 0.12% of added Met in comparison to control group. On day 42, the differences among groups were negligible; only the addition of 0.12% DL-Met has increased the body weight by 2.4% when compared with control (p > 0.05). Feed conversion estimated for a period of 1-42 days has not been influenced by Met supplementation. The indistinct, however, visible tendency of better ileal amino acids' apparent digestibility (for Asp.a.,Thr, Ser, Glu, Lys) was noted in the groups fed supplemented diets. Application of 0.07% and 0.18% of DL-met, has significantly (p < 0.05) improved the coefficient of cysteine (Cys) apparent ileal digestibility; however, the improvement of Met apparent ileal digestibility has been achieved by the addition of 0.18% Met. The mortality of ducklings in the experiment was very low and varied between 3.15% (II) and 0.0% (groups I and III). In general, application of 0.12% of DL-Met to mixture containing 0.28% Met had positive effect on the productive output of birds and also improved the apparent ileal digestibility of Cys and Met.     

Effects of dietary lysine levels on apparent nutrient digestibility and cationic amino acid transporter mRNA abundance in the small intestine of finishing pigs,Sus scrofa

One hundred and twenty pigs were used to evaluate the effects of different dietary lysine levels on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, and abundance of cationic amino acid transporter messenger RNA (mRNA) in the small intestine of finishing pigs. Pigs received a low lysine diet (LL, 0.60% lysine), moderate lysine diet (ML, 0.80% lysine) or a high lysine diet (HL, 1.00% lysine) for 28 days. A digestion test was carried out during the third week. Although the apparent nutrient digestibility in pigs fed experimental diets were different (P < 0.05) and the highest when pigs were fed ML diet, diets did not change the growth performance. In the duodenum, mRNA abundance of PepT-1, as detected by real-time RT-PCR, was reduced in the LL diet (P < 0.05). A greater abundance of b^0,+AT and PepT-1 mRNA was associated with the ML diet (P < 0.05) in the jejunum and ileum, respectively. In the ileum, the HL diet had a lower abundance of CAT-1 mRNA compared with other diets. These results showed that the finishing pigs would gain better nutrient digestibility when the dietary lysine content was 0.80%, and dietary lysine levels influenced the expression of cationic amino acid transporter mRNA in the small intestine of finishing pigs.     

Effects of two phytases on the ileal apparent digestibility of minerals and amino acids in ileo-rectal anastomosed pigs fed on a maize–rapeseed meal diet

Phosphorus (P) from plant-derived feedstuffs is mainly in the form of phytic-P, which has a very low bioavailability in monogastric animals. The non-absorbed phytic-P may contribute to P pollution, reduce mineral bioavailability and might reduce protein digestibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the recommended levels of Ronozyme® P CT 5000 (750 U/kg — RP) and Natuphos® 5000 (500 U/kg — Nat) on the ileal apparent digestibility of total P, phytates (Phy), calcium (Ca), total nitrogen (N), energy, and amino acids (AA) in 60-day-old ileo-rectal anastomosed pigs. In a double Latin square design they were fed ad libitum either a maize–rapeseed meal based diet or this diet supplemented with RP or with Nat. RP and Nat increased the digestibility of P by 148% and 162%, of Phy by 84% and 76%, and of Ca by 44% and 50%, respectively. The total N digestibility was increased by 4% with RP (P < 0.01) and by 1% with Nat. A numerically increase of the digestibility of most of the AA was observed for Nat and of all AA for RP. Threonine digestibility was significantly increased by RP (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that phytases are able to increase the availability of proteins.     

Apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in diverse barley cultivars fed to growing pigs

The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition, ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility of barley varieties and to develop equations to predict the AA digestibility based on the chemical characteristics of individual barley. A wide selection of nine barley varieties in the main growing regions of China was used in the experiment. Ten crossbred pigs (30.9 ± 1.8 kg) were allotted to a 6 × 10 Youden Square. The treatments included a nitrogen‐free diet and nine barley test diets. Considerable variation was observed in the content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude protein (CP) and all AAs among the barley samples. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of indispensable AAs with the exception of arginine, phenylalanine and threonine were different (P < 0.05) among the nine barley sources tested. With R² values exceeding 0.50, significant linear regression equations for CP and threonine were obtained. In conclusion, significant differences existed in the ileal digestibility of CP and AAs among barley varieties. It is difficult to predict the SID of most of the amino acids in barely based upon chemical characteristics.     

氨基酸螯合铁对早期断奶仔猪内脏铁含量及铁消化率的影响

为了比较氨基酸螯合铁对早期断奶仔猪内脏铁含量、铁表观消化率的影响,选择150头21日龄断奶仔猪(杜×长×大),在基础日粮添加100 mg/kg无机铁的基础上分别添加0、40、80、120、160 mg/kg氨基酸螯合铁构成5个试验组进行1～3周、4～6周及全期试验.结果表明:第21天和第42天,120 mg/kg氨基酸螯合铁试验组铁表观消化率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);肝脏铁、脾脏铁都显著高于对照组(P<0.05).添加氨基酸铁螯合铁可提高早期断奶仔猪的铁表观消化率,增加体内铁贮.     

Acanthopanax senticosus extract as a dietary additive enhances the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in weaned piglets

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) extract as a dietary additive on serum contents and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) in weaned piglets. In Exp. 1, 60 piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 5.64 kg were randomly assigned into 3 treatment groups who received maize-soybean-based diets supplemented with 0 or 1 g/kg of AS extract or 0.2 g/kg of colistin (n = 20 in each group). Blood samples were randomly collected from 5 piglets per group on days 7, 14 and 28 after the initiation of supplementation to determine the serum contents of free AA. In Exp. 2, 12 barrows with an average initial BW of 7.64 kg were also randomly assigned into 3 dietary treatment groups after being surgically fitted with a simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum. Samples of terminal ileal digesta were collected on day 7 for analysis of the AID of AA. The data showed that the serum contents and AID of most AA in the AS extract-supplemented group gradually increased by 15.3–80.8% and 4.1–30.8%, respectively, as the experiment proceeded in comparison with the colistin-supplemented group and/or control group. In conclusion, these findings indicated that AS extract could enhance the digestion and absorption of AA, which may be a potential mechanism of growth promotion.     

Effect of dietary lignocellulose on ileal and total tract digestibility of fat and fatty acids in broiler chickens

The study was conducted to determine the effect of a lignocellulose supplemented diet on apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of fat and fatty acids (FA) in broiler chickens. A total of 48 21‐day‐old male Ross 308 chickens were divided into four treatment groups (n = 12) with six replicates per treatment. From 21 to 42 days of age, the broilers were fed experimental diets varied in the amount of lignocellulose: 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%. Total excreta were gathered during the last 3 days of the feeding trial and digesta was collected from the ileum at 42 days of the bird age. Digestibility was determined by the indicator method. The ether extract content in diet/digesta/excreta was determined by the gravimetric method, and fatty acid methyl esters were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fat digestibility measured to the end of the small intestine and in the whole gastrointestinal tract in birds was high and exceeded 90% and 87% respectively. Addition of lignocellulose (1%) increased (p < 0.05) ileal fat digestibility but had no significant effect on total tract fat digestion. Absorption of total fatty acids (TFA) as well as myristic (C14:0), palmitoleic (C16:1) and α‐linolenic (C18:3n?3) acids, estimated by both methods, was significantly higher in birds fed the diets supplemented with lignocellulose, especially at a dose of 1%. Total tract absorption of some dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (C20:2, C20:4n?6) was significantly lower from diet supplemented with 0.5% and 0.25% lignocellulose. There was observed a decrease in apparent digestibility of fat and most examined fatty acids, when measured between terminal ileum and total gastrointestinal tract. The results suggest that lignocellulose can affect digestion and FA absorption in broilers but, as the effect of lignocellulose was not studied previously, further investigations are necessary to confirm the results of the present experiment.     

不同苹果渣水平对关中奶山羊泌乳性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃液pH值的影响

为研究饲粮中添加不同苹果渣水平对关中奶山羊泌乳性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃液pH值的影响,选取体重[(50.81±1.53)kg]、胎次(第3胎)、产奶量[(2.15±0.05)kg·d-1]、泌乳日期[(125.00±2.51)d]相近或一致的健康关中奶山羊50只,随机分成5组,每组10只羊,每只羊为1个...