自制中草药饲料添加剂在繁殖母猪生产中的应用效果

为了验证自制中草药饲料添加剂对母猪泌乳繁殖性能的应用效果,选择以往繁殖正常的4~6胎次、体型体况相近、生产记录基本一致的大白母猪50头,按随机区组设计,试验组和对照组各25头,每组5个重复,每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加自制中草药饲料添加剂0.5%。试验从母猪妊娠85 d开始至断奶后(断奶日龄21 d)发情间隔期10 d结束。全程跟踪测评两组母猪的泌乳繁殖性能及哺乳仔猪的生长性能。结果表明,试验组母猪窝产总仔数、21 d断奶个体重与断奶成活率均优于对照组(P0.05),窝产活仔数、初生仔猪重比对照组分别提高7.25%和18.33%(P0.05),初生窝重提高27.46%(P0.01);21 d断奶窝重较对照组提高17.22%(P0.05)。试验组的总泌乳力与日均泌乳力分别提高17.22%和13.06%(P0.05),初乳中的乳蛋白和乳脂含量较对照组分别提高19.94%和26.83%(P0.05);断奶母猪14 d内发情率和总受胎率分别提高9.22和12.36个百分点(P0.05),母猪断奶后再发情配种时间试验组比对照组缩短1.54 d(P0.05);试验组哺乳仔猪的腹泻指数下降18.67%(P0.05),皮毛发育状况评分提高3.64%(P0.05)。应用试验表明,该自制中草药饲料添加剂是一种能改善母猪泌乳繁殖性能和提高哺乳仔猪生长发育的绿色环保饲料添加剂。     

饲粮添加中草药对哺乳母猪繁殖性能和仔猪腹泻的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮添加中草药对哺乳母猪繁殖性能和仔猪腹泻的影响。选取32头预产期相近的长大二元杂种妊娠母猪,按随机区组的方法分成对照组和试验组,每组16个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组母猪饲喂基础饲粮,试验组母猪饲喂在基础饲粮中添加2%中草药的饲粮,试验期37 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组母猪日均泌乳量、产活仔数、断奶窝重、窝增重分别显著提高13.30%(P0.05)、21.24%(P0.05)、12.48%(P0.05)、7.62%(P0.05),初生窝重也有提高,但差异不显著(P0.05),断奶至发情间隔天数和仔猪腹泻率分别显著下降10.50%(P0.05)和27.94%(P0.05)。     

两种有机铬对母猪繁殖的效应试验

18头长大母猪分3组,研究从泌乳开始(即分娩后)至下一胎妊娠30天内在饲粮中按200μg/kg添加烟酸铬和酵母铬(以铬元素计)对仔猪生长和母猪繁殖性能的影响.结果表明,哺乳期母猪饲粮添加烟酸铬和酵母铬,其仔猪发病率比对照组下降12.4%和16.9%(P＜0.05),仔猪死亡率比对照组下降3.7%和1.8%(P＜0.05);断奶个体重比对照组分别提高0.74kg和0.52kg,添加烟酸铬和酵母铬的母猪繁殖周期比对照组分别缩短了4.4d和4.1d,母猪平均窝产活仔数比对照组分别增加0.83头和0.66头,初生窝重比对照组分别提高1.72kg和1.3kg;发情配种时血清LH的水平比对照组分别提高13.6%和11.8%.这表明在母猪饲粮中添加有机铬对繁殖性能有正面效应.     

妊娠后期及泌乳期日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对经产母猪繁殖性能、血浆氨基酸及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠后期及泌乳期日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对经产母猪繁殖性能、血浆部分氨基酸水平及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响。选取34头二元杂交母猪(5~6胎),随机分成2组,每组17头,每头母猪为1个重复。从母猪妊娠85 d开始分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)和0.05%NCG日粮(NCG组)至产后第21天(仔猪断奶),试验期共50 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,NCG组仔猪初生活仔重和初生窝重分别提高11.11%和30.12%(P0.05);NCG组母猪窝总产仔数、窝产活仔数较对照组分别提高了0.84、1.54头,NCG组死胎率和弱仔率较对照组分别降低了36.31%和37.29%,但差异均不显著(P0.05);健仔率和母猪泌乳量分别提高了10.06%和2.70 kg/d(P0.05);NCG组母猪妊娠第110天血浆精氨酸、脯氨酸和鸟氨酸浓度均显著提高了21.66%、44.77%和23.04%(P0.05);NCG组仔猪日增重、断奶个体重和断奶窝重均显著提高了12.18%、11.95%和31.10%(P0.05),仔猪断奶后发病率显著降低了29.79%(P0.05)。综上所述,妊娠后期和泌乳期添加0.05%NCG可以提高经产母猪繁殖性能、血浆部分氨基酸水平和哺乳仔猪的生长性能。     

低聚木糖和益生菌对2胎母猪繁殖性能、乳成分及血液生理生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究妊娠后期和哺乳期2胎母猪饲粮中添加低聚木糖(XOS)和益生菌对母猪繁殖性能、乳成分和血液生理生化指标的影响。选择膘情、体况及预产期相近的2胎健康纯种母猪(大白和长白)30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组饲喂基础饲粮+0.05%低聚木糖的饲粮,试验2组饲喂基础饲粮+0.05%低聚木糖+0.03%益生菌的饲粮。试验期52 d(母猪妊娠90 d至断奶后发情)。结果表明:1)试验1组产仔数、产活仔数和健仔数均显著高于对照组(P0.05);2)3组初生窝重、断奶个体重、仔猪个体增重、仔猪窝增重、母猪背膘损失、产程和发情间隔均差异不显著(P0.05),但试验1组和试验2组产程分别比对照组缩短8.67 min(P0.05)和22.33 min(P0.05),试验2组发情间隔比对照组缩短0.25 d(P0.05);3)3组母猪初乳和常乳的乳成分和血清生理生化指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。从整体来看,低聚木糖能显著提高2胎母猪产仔数、产活仔数和健仔数,低聚木糖和益生菌协同作用不仅可以提高2胎母猪产仔数、产活仔数和健仔数,还可以缩短母猪产程和发情间隔。     

妊娠期饲喂高纤维饲粮对母猪产仔性能及后代仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠期饲喂高纤维饲粮对母猪产仔性能及后代仔猪生长性能的影响。选取40头经产二元母猪,按照背膘、胎次一致原则随机分为2组(每组20个重复,每个重复1头),分别为对照组和高纤维组。妊娠期对照组和高纤维组母猪分别饲喂基础饲粮(粗纤维水平为3.85%)和高纤维饲粮(粗纤维水平为5.02%),妊娠第107天进入产房后2组母猪统一饲喂哺乳期饲粮。2组母猪饲喂同种哺乳期饲粮,自由采食。试验期间记录母猪妊娠第49天、第84天、第110天以及哺乳第14天和断奶当天背膘厚,分娩时记录母猪产仔性能,哺乳期记录仔猪的生长性能。试验从母猪配种开始至分娩后21 d断奶结束。结果表明：1)与对照组相比,高纤维组母猪不同阶段背膘厚以及妊娠期背膘沉积量和哺乳期背膘损失量均无显著变化(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,高纤维组母猪窝产健仔数显著升高(P<0.05),初生窝重极显著升高(P<0.01),窝产活仔数有升高的趋势(P=0.058),窝产总仔数、窝产活仔数和初生个体重均无显著变化(P>0.05);高纤维组仔猪宫内发育迟缓率低于对照组;高纤维组母猪健仔率与对照组相比虽无显著变化...     

多菌种发酵稻壳粉对母猪采食量、生产性能和血清激素的影响

皆在探讨发酵稻壳粉(FRH)和稻壳粉(RH)对母猪繁殖性能、血液激素水平、采食量和泌乳量的影响。选择胎次一致的(长×大)母猪33头,随机分为3组,每组11个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,FRH组和RH组分别补饲20%的FRH和RH。结果显示:FRH组和RH组母猪窝总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、产程、断奶活仔数和21日龄断奶窝重均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。FRH组仔猪初生窝重显著高于RH组(P0.05)。血清孕酮(PROG)水平:母猪妊娠21 d,FRH组和RH组均显著高于对照组(P0.05);血清雌二醇(E2)浓度:母猪妊娠21 d,FRH组显著高于对照组和RH组(P0.05);各组血清催乳素(PRL)浓度差异不显著(P0.05)。FRH组哺乳期采食量和母猪产奶量均显著高于对照组和RH组(P0.05)。综合各项指标:妊娠母猪基础日粮中补饲20%的FRH可改善母猪的繁殖性能、提高采食量和泌乳量。     

青刈发酵墨西哥玉米粉对母猪生产性能及健康状况的影响

为探讨青刈发酵墨西哥玉米粉对母猪生产性能及健康状况的影响,选择胎次为(4.12±1.00)、体重为(246.45±6.58)kg的健康长大二元杂种能繁母猪50头,随机分为2组,每组25个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组按常规饲喂妊娠期和哺乳期基础饲粮,试验组妊娠期母猪和哺乳期母猪分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加30%和10%发酵墨西哥玉米粉的饲粮。结果显示:试验组和对照组相比,总产仔数提高了7.72%(P0.05);产活仔数提高了10.04%(P0.05);死胎数降低了26.67%(P0.05);初生仔猪窝重提高了8.65%(P0.05);断奶仔猪成活数提高了15.19%(P0.05);断奶仔猪窝重提高了29.24%,差异极显著(P0.01);母猪断奶后7 d发情头数提高了9.09%,但差异不显著(P0.05);试验组母猪均没有发生孕期哺乳期便秘,也没有泪斑发生,而对照组平均有(0.76±0.44)头孕期哺乳期母猪发生了便秘,平均有(0.60±0.50)头母猪发生了泪斑,差异极显著(P0.01)。试验表明,通过在母猪饲粮中添加发酵的墨西哥玉米粉饲喂母猪,可提高总产仔数、产活仔数、初生仔猪窝重、断奶仔猪成活数、断奶仔猪窝重,降低仔猪7日龄内腹泻率、死胎率和母猪便秘、泪斑发生率。     

猪用中草药复合饲料添加剂对母猪繁殖性能及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响

为研究饲粮中添加中草药复合饲料添加剂对泌乳母猪繁殖性能及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响,试验选择50头体型体况相近、生产记录基本一致、繁殖性能正常且处于3～6胎次的妊娠后期大白母猪,按随机区组设计分成2组,每组5个重复,每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组于基础饲粮中添加1.0%中草药复合饲料添加剂。结果显示:试验组与对照组相比,仔猪初生重与初生窝重分别提高12.20%和12.82%(P<0.05),母猪窝产总仔数、仔猪28 d断奶个体重及断奶成活率分别提高6.23%、7.44%和1.76%(P>0.05);母猪总泌乳力(28 d断奶窝重)与日均泌乳量分别提高16.65%和17.69%(P<0.05),初乳中乳蛋白和乳脂含量分别提高16.59%和19.46%(P<0.05),初乳中乳糖、总固形物和非脂乳固体等成分均有改善趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);哺乳仔猪1～7 d的腹泻指数下降18.42%(P<0.05),28 d仔猪皮毛发育状况评分提高5.71%(P>0.05);母猪断奶后14 d内发情率提高9.36个百分点(P<0.05),配...     

饲粮离子平衡对母猪繁殖性能的影响

为研究饲粮离子平衡对母猪繁殖性能的影响,试验选择160头二元杂种母猪[长白×大白,平均体重(274.3±4.95) kg,平均胎次(3.6±0.68)],按体重和胎次相近原则随机分为2组:对照组饲喂饲粮离子平衡(dEB)为160 mEq/kg的妊娠饲粮(配种当天至分娩)+饲粮离子平衡(dEB)为200 mEq/kg的哺乳饲粮(分娩至断奶),T1组饲喂饲粮离子平衡(dEB)为300 mEq/kg的妊娠饲粮(配种当天至分娩)+饲粮离子平衡(dEB)为200 mEq/kg的哺乳饲粮(分娩至断奶)。每组80个重复,每个重复1头母猪。试验期140 d。结果表明:1)试验处理对初生窝重、平均初生重、母猪哺乳期平均采食量、哺乳仔猪平均日增重、断奶-发情间隔、背膘厚度和背膘损失无显著影响(P0.05);2)对照组总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶数、断奶窝重、平均断奶重显著高于T1组(P0.05)。试验结果表明在该试验条件下,与妊娠期饲粮离子平衡为300 mEq/kg比,饲粮离子平衡为160 mEq/kg显著提高了母猪总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶数、断奶窝重和平均断奶重。     

Effects of genetic line and supplemental dietary fat on lactation performance of Duroc and Landrace sows.

A total of 124 Duroc and 99 Landrace primiparous and multiparous sows were assigned, within breed and contemporary group, to control (N) or 10% added fat (F) diets on d 105 of gestation based on parity and genetic line (control or selected for improved sow productivity), to determine the effects of genetic line and fat addition to the lactation diet on sow and litter performance. Weekly feed intake was not affected (P greater than .10) by genetic line for Duroc and Landrace sows but feed intake was reduced (P = .08) during wk 1 to 4 for Duroc sows and during wk 1 and 4 for Landrace sows (P less than .05) when they were fed diet F compared with diet N. Select (S)-line Duroc and Landrace sows lost more weight during lactation (P less than .01) than did control (C)-line sows. Select-line Landrace sows lost more backfat during lactation (P less than .05) than did C-line sows. Landrace sows lost less weight during lactation (P less than .05) when fed diet F than when fed diet N. The total number of pigs born, born alive, and alive at 21 d and at weaning were higher (P less than .01) for S-line Duroc sows, and litter size at 21 d and at weaning was higher (P less than .01) for S-line Landrace sows than for C-line litters within each breed. Pig survival from birth to weaning was increased (P = .07) for Duroc sows fed diet F but not for Landrace sows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of lasalocid on reproductive performance and subsequent lactation in the sow

The effect of lasalocid (140 mg . head-1 . d-1) on sow reproductive performance and subsequent piglet performance during lactation were examined in a trial that involved 114 sows. Treatments consisted of 1) control diet with no lasalocid during gestation and lactation; 2) lasalocid diet during gestation, control diet during lactation; 3) control diet during gestation and lasalocid diet during lactation; and 4) lasalocid diet during gestation and lactation. The addition of lasalocid either to gestation or lactation diets had no effect (P greater than .10) on sow weight gains or days to return to estrus postweaning. Milk protein percentages were similar (P greater than .10) for sows in all treatment groups for samples taken at 3, 7 and 14 d postfarrowing. Milk fat percentages were higher (P less than .05) in fall-bred sows at d 3 for Treatments 1, 3 and 4 than for Treatment 2 No significant differences (P less than .10) were observed for litter size at birth, 21 d postfarrowing or at weaning. Piglet weights at birth, 21 d and weaning were similar (P less than .10) among treatment groups. However, litter size and litter weight gains tended to be heavier at 21 d postfarrowing and at weaning for fall-bred sows fed lasalocid in either gestation and (or) lactation compared with those fed the control diet.     

Effects of a novel carbohydrate and protein source on sow performance during lactation

Ninety-one primiparous and multiparous sows and their pigs were used to evaluate the effects of a novel carbohydrate- and protein-based feed ingredient (Nutri-Pal, NP) on sow and litter performance during lactation. Nutri-Pal is a feed supplement for sows that consists of a blend of milk chocolate, brewer's yeast, whey products, and glucooligosaccharides. The dietary treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal control and a corn-soybean meal plus 5% NP fed from d 110 of gestation to weaning. The diets were formulated to be equal in total Lys and ME. Sows were allotted to treatment based on parity, body weight, and the date of d 110 of gestation. There were 46 and 45 sows per treatment over four farrowing groups. Litters were standardized to 10 pigs and weighed within 1 d of farrowing, and all sows weaned at least 8 pigs at an average age of 21 d. Sows were weighed on d 110 of gestation, d 1 postfarrowing, and at weaning. Sows were fed three times daily during lactation. Sows were checked twice daily after weaning for signs of estrus. The weaning weight of sows fed NP was increased (P < 0.10) compared with those fed the control diet. Sows fed the control diet tended (P = 0.11) to lose more weight per day from d 110 of gestation to weaning than the sows fed NP. Otherwise, sow response variables (sow weight on d 110 of gestation and d 1 postfarrowing, d 110 of gestation to d 1 postfarrowing and lactation weight change per day, d 110 of gestation to d 1 postfarrowing, lactation, and total feed intake, days to estrus, pigs born alive or dead, and litter and average pig birth weight) were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. There were no effects (P > 0.10) of diet on litter performance response variables (pigs weaned, litter and average pig weaning weight and gain, and survival percent). The NP feed ingredient had minor effects on sow productivity, but it did not affect litter productivity indices.     

Sow litter size is increased in the subsequent parity when lactating sows are fed diets containing n-3 fatty acids from fish oil

Supplementing diets with n-3 fatty acids from fish oil has been shown to improve reproductive performance in dairy cattle and sheep, but there is little published literature on its effects in sows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of sows fed fish oil as a source of n-3 PUFA prefarrowing and during lactation. From d 107.7 ± 0.1 of pregnancy, 328 sows ranging in parity from 0 to 7 (parity 1.95 ± 0.09, mean ± SE) were fed either a diet containing tallow (control) or an isocaloric diet containing 3 g of fish oil/kg of diet (n-3). Diets were formulated to contain the same amount of DE (13.9 MJ/kg), crude fat (54 g/kg), and CP (174 g/kg). Sows were fed their treatment diet at 3 kg daily for 8 d before farrowing and continued on treatment diets ad libitum until weaning at 18.7 ± 0.1 d of lactation. After weaning, all sows were fed a gestation diet without fish oil until their subsequent farrowing. There was no effect (P > 0.310) of feeding n-3 diets prefarrowing on piglet birth weight, preweaning growth rate, piglet weaning weight, or sow feed intake. However, n-3 sows had a larger subsequent litter size (10.7 ± 0.3 vs. 9.7 ± 0.3 total born; 10.2 ± 0.3 vs. 9.3 ± 0.3 born live; P < 0.05). In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that feeding sows a diet containing n-3 PUFA from fish oil fed before farrowing and during lactation increased litter size in the subsequent parity independent of energy intake.     

膨化菜籽对哺乳母猪生产性能的影响

为研究夏季热应激情况下使用全脂膨化菜籽配制哺乳母猪饲粮对其生产性能的影响,选择妊娠107 d不同胎次的长大母猪30头,采用随机区组设计分为3组,每组10头母猪,分别接受3种饲粮处理：即试验1组（5.63%膨化菜籽）、试验2组（9%膨化菜籽）、对照组（2%猪油＋5%膨化大豆）。结果表明,母猪哺乳期第18至第22天日采食量,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组提高0.90和0.38 kg;哺乳期第18至第22天日采食量峰值,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组提高0.64和0.23 kg;日采食量达到峰值后下降速度,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组低50%和42.5%。试验1组、试验2组和对照组母猪失重率均较小,分别为3.10%、5.90%、4.63%;母猪断奶后1周内全部发情。哺乳仔猪窝增重,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组提高0.65、0.75 kg。哺乳仔猪18日龄以前没有出现腹泻,19～22日龄出现轻微腹泻,且腹泻率很低。乳品质,试验1组和试验2组优于对照组;血液生理生化指标,3组均在正常范围内。说明使用全脂膨化菜籽配制的哺乳母猪饲粮适口性好,能显著增加热应激情况下哺乳母猪的采食量,改善乳品质,提高其生产性能,效果优于添加猪油＋膨化大豆的饲粮。     

The addition of ground wheat straw as a fiber source in the gestation diet of sows and the effect on sow and litter performance for three successive parities

A regional experiment was conducted at 8 experiment stations, with a total of 320 sows initially, to evaluate the efficacy of adding 13.35% ground wheat straw to a corn-soybean meal gestation diet for 3 successive gestation-lactation (reproductive) cycles compared with sows fed a control diet without straw. A total of 708 litters were farrowed over 3 reproductive cycles. The basal gestation diet intake averaged 1.95 kg daily for both treatments, plus 0.30 kg of straw daily for sows fed the diet containing ground wheat straw (total intake of 2.25 kg/d). During lactation, all sows on both gestation treatments were fed ad libitum the standard lactation diet used at each station. Response criteria were sow farrowing and rebreeding percentages, culling factors and culling rate, weaning-to-estrus interval, sow BW and backfat measurements at several time points, and litter size and total litter weight at birth and weaning. Averaged over 3 reproductive cycles, sows fed the diet containing wheat straw farrowed and weaned 0.51 more pigs per litter (P 相似文献   

基础日粮添加蜂胶对母猪生产性能的影响

为了研究蜂胶对母猪生产性能的影响,选择16头配种时间、胎次基本一致的长大妊娠母猪为材料,随机分成对照组和试验组。对照组只饲喂基础日粮,试验组则在基础日粮中添加蜂胶。试验从母猪妊娠81d进产房开始,到仔猪21日龄断奶后7d结束。研究结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组仔猪断奶重平均提高0.62kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);成活率提高4.51%,差异显著(P<0.05);在哺乳和断奶前7d,试验组仔猪腹泻率分别比对照组低1.37%(P<0.05)、2.96%(P<0.01)。因此,蜂胶对提高母猪生产性能有较大促进作用。     

Effect of lactation and rebreeding phase energy intake on primiparous and multiparous sow performance

Fifty-three primiparous sows were used to study the effects of a high-energy, fat-supplemented diet on sow lactation and rebreeding performance. Sows received either a low [Lo, 12.5 Mcal metabolizable energy (ME)/d] or high (Hi, 16.0 Mcal ME/d) energy sorghum-soybean diet during a 28-d lactation. At weaning, sows were randomly allotted, within lactation treatment, to a low (lo, 5.54 Mcal ME/d) or high (hi, 9.61 Mcal ME/d) energy sorghum-soybean diet until the day of first postweaning estrus. Primiparous sows fed Lo weaned larger (P less than .05) litters than sows fed Hi; however, average pig weight was not affected by lactation treatments. Primiparous sows fed Hi had more backfat at weaning (P less than .01) than Lo sows. In contrast, sow weight was not affected by dietary treatments. Neither lactation nor rebreeding treatments influenced days to rebreeding; however, an interaction (P less than .01) was observed. Mean days from weaning to rebreeding for Lolo, Lohi, Hilo and Hihi sows were 10.0, 7.6, 6.9 and 17.1, respectively. Forty sows were maintained on the same dietary treatments during their second parity. Sows receiving Lo during their second parity farrowed and weaned more (P less than .05) pigs than Hi sows. Multiparous sows fed Hi nursed heavier (P less than .05) pigs on d 21 of lactation and at weaning compared with Lo sows. Sows fed Hi were heavier (P less than .05) and had more (P less than .01) backfat at weaning of their second litter compared to Lo sows. Days to postweaning estrus were not affected by lactation or rebreeding diets. Mean length of the second parity rebreeding interval for Lolo, Lohi, Hilo and Hihi sows was 6.2, 10.2, 7.0 and 10.5 d, respectively. These results suggest that feeding levels during lactation of 12.5 Mcal ME/d or higher supported adequate rebreeding performance. Postweaning feeding levels did not influence days to first estrus. Feeding a high energy diet continuously throughout the lactation and rebreeding phases in primiparous sows may lengthen the postweaning interval to estrus.     

Effects of L-carnitine fed during lactation on sow and litter performance

Sows of differing parities and genetics were used at different locations to determine the effects of feeding added L-carnitine during lactation on sow and litter performance. In Exp. 1, sows (n = 50 PIC C15) were fed a lactation diet (1.0% total lysine, .9% Ca, and .8% P) with or without 50 ppm of added L-carnitine from d 108 of gestation until weaning (d 21). No differences in litter weaning weight, survivability, sow ADFI, or sow weight and last rib fat depth change were observed. Number of pigs born alive in the subsequent farrowing were not different (P>.10). In Exp. 2, parity-three and -four sows (n = 115 Large White cross) were used to determine the effect of feeding 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppm of added L-carnitine during lactation (diet containing .9% total lysine, 1.0% Ca, and .8% P) on sow and litter performance. No improvements in the number of pigs or litter weights at weaning were observed (P>.10). Sows fed added L-carnitine had increased weight loss (linear; P<.04), but no differences (P>.10) were observed in last rib fat depth change or subsequent reproductive performance. In Exp. 3, first-parity sows (n = 107 PIC C15) were fed a diet with or without 50 ppm of added L-carnitine during lactation (diet containing 1.0% total lysine). Sows fed added L-carnitine tended (P<.10) to have fewer stillborn and mummified pigs than controls (.42 vs .81 pigs). No differences were observed for litter weaning weight, survivability, or subsequent farrowing performance. Feeding 50 to 200 ppm of added L-carnitine during lactation had little effect on sow and litter performance.     

Effects of salinomycin on sow weight change during lactation and on sow reproductive performance

Forty-five gravid cross-bred sows (mean parity 3.3 +/- .3) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: corn-soybean mean (CS) or CS plus 60 mg salinomycin per kilogram of diet (CSS). Sows were fed their respective diets through two successive parities with dietary treatment initiated at 100 d postcoitum and continued until weaning of the second successive litter. Therefore, sows fed CSS received salinomycin for 14 d before the first parturition and for approximately 153 d before the second parturition. Daily feed intake was restricted to 2 kg.hd-1.d-1 during gestation and to 3 kg.hd-1.d-1 from weaning to breeding. All sows. had ad libitum access to feed during lactation. Sows were weighed 7 d prior to parturition, at weaning and at breeding. Weaning-to-estrus interval and farrowing interval were recorded for all sows. Litters were weighed at birth and weaning. There were no differences (P greater than .05) between dietary treatments in sow weights before parturition, at weaning or at breeding for either first or second farrowing. The CSS-fed sows lost more weight from weaning to breeding after the first (P less than .03) and second (P less than .05) lactation periods than CS-fed sows. The CSS-fed sows tended to gain more (P = .06) weight during lactation than CS-fed sows. There were no differences (P greater than .05) between treatments in lactation feed intake, weaning-to-estrus interval, farrowing interval, litter size born or weaned, litter weights at birth or at weaning, or in sow culling rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)