袋鼠花的栽培

繁殖技术常扦插繁殖,可枝插或叶插。以花后的春、夏季最适宜,在温室内可全年进行。枝插剪取枝条上部的绿色部分,每3～5厘米一段,最好以蛭石为扦插介质,粗沙、珍珠岩亦可。适当遮荫50～60%,约3～4周可发根。如插条基部蘸上生根粉,生根时问可缩短1周,且根系繁茂。扦插期间要保持较高的空气湿度。叶插以当年生正常叶片为佳。取完整     

南洋杉快速繁殖技术

关于南洋杉扦插繁殖的资料比较少,大多数认为只能从主干取材扦插,这样繁殖量很低。本人经过两年扦插发现,用下述方法可以提高南洋杉扦插成活率,生根快,繁殖量大,取材容易。一、选材大、中株型南洋杉的主干和轮生侧枝都可利用,也可结合亮脚(基部轮生枝因见光少而枯死)南洋杉的矮化处理,将上部枝干剪下充分利用。主干从每一轮生枝上约0.5厘米处剪断,再将每一轮生侧枝留10～15厘米剪断,剪下的侧枝再按8～10厘米长度     

大岩桐的叶插繁殖与矮化栽培

大岩桐花大如钟,花叶肥厚具丝绒感,是一种十分美丽的球根花卉。笔者在多年的栽培实践中,对其叶插繁殖和矮化栽培有较多的体会,今简介于下: ▲叶插繁殖大岩桐可用播种、芽插、块茎切割和叶片扦插等法繁殖,笔者认为一般栽培以叶插较为适宜,春、夏、秋均可进行。扦插土可选用蛭石、泥炭土或纯净的煤渣,如用肥分不大的一般培养土,必须用锅蒸煮作高温消毒处理。然后选取成熟叶片,用剪子剪成2.5～3厘米的三角形小块,每小块的一个顶点要有一条叶脉(不分主脉侧脉,均能生根发球),一枚成熟叶片     

大白杜鹃扦插繁殖技术研究

大白杜鹃是一种观赏价值较高的园林植物。通过对比和统计分析的方法研究了插穗类型、激素种类、激素浓度、处理时间、扦插基质、留叶数量等因子对大白杜鹃生根的影响。结果表明:大白杜鹃扦插效果较好的插穗为带老枝的半硬枝插穗,不带老枝的半硬枝插穗没有生根。保留2～3片叶带老枝的半硬枝插穗用Dip N Grow(1∶10)处理10 s在腐质土+珍珠岩(3∶1)的基质中生根效果较好。     

高原泥炭对不同品种茶树插穗发根的影响

利用茶树器官的再生能力。将一小段枝条扦插在苗畦中，在一定条件下，逐渐生根长枝，成为完整的植株，叫做扦插繁殖，本文主要探讨在扦插基质中加入一定比例的高原泥炭后对茶树插穗发根情况的影响。     

紫枝玫瑰冬季大棚扦插

紫枝玫瑰，我们以前介绍过一些，这次主要谈谈冬季大棚扦插。因其生根能力很强，一般用简便快捷的扦插法繁殖，此法繁殖数量大、速度快、周期短，有很高的经济效益。扦插一年四季均可进行，春秋季可硬枝扦插，夏季可嫩枝扦插，冬季结合大株玫瑰的修剪可进行大棚内硬枝扦插。我们主要说说冬季扦插。     

云南山茶扦插繁殖技术研究

云南山茶具有寿命长、色彩艳丽、常绿、大花、植株高大等特点,是观赏价值极高的云南乡土园林植物。但因繁殖困难一直制约着云南山茶向规模化、产业化发展,云南山茶特别是名贵品种没有或少有种子,传统的繁殖方法主要是靠接,不仅繁殖系数低,成本高,操作复杂,而且对靠接母树的生长影响大,管理不方便。本文作者对云南山茶扦插繁殖进行了多年的试验研究,在生根率、存活率上取得了很大成绩。作者在大量数据的基础上,在本文中系统地阐述了云南山茶扦插繁殖技术的几个核心问题。     

高燥环境莳养龟背竹

繁殖龟背竹多采用扦插法,其中枝插最容易出根。全年均可进行,但以晚春和夏末秋初最好。晚春(4～5月),将茎剪成5～10厘米的插条,每段带2～3个茎节,去掉气生根(切勿伤到叶痕),将带顶叶的最先端的茎段直立扦插(因为最先端的一段茎蔓含有叶原体);中部茎段基部带2/3片叶以30°角斜插;下部茎段不带叶呈15°角平插于较大容器内。春末秋初(9～10月),取当年生带气生根的整侧枝,将过长气生根剪短,按上述方法插入砂床。     

水竹的水泡繁殖法

水竹的繁殖方法较多,有播种、扦插和分株等。我近几年在打插法的基础上摸索试验,用水泡法繁殖,取得成功,比较起来,简单易行,值得推广。在春、夏、秋生长期间(4月上旬至8月下旬),根据繁殖数量的需要,在水竹枝杆上端剪下若     

夏插紫薇

人们通常习惯于春季扦插紫薇，其实夏季用嫩枝扦插也是可以的。笔者进行过多年的夏插试验，成活率都在90％以上。采用这种方法，可大大缩短紫薇的繁殖周期，提高繁殖效率。而且，夏季正值盛花期，很容易选择繁殖的品种。     

植物新品种保护与品种审定的意义和异同

随着知识产权愈来愈受到社会各界的关注，植物新品种保护工作也显得尤为重要。该文着重介绍了植物新品种保护的发展概况、意义及其与品种审定的异同，使读者对植物新品种保护工作有所了解。     

大白菜施肥技巧与主要病虫害防治

1施肥技巧 大白菜施肥原则是：整地重施有机肥，苗后分次巧追肥。追肥要掌握“少量多次、前少后多、分期供给”。肥后及时浇水，以达到肥水均匀，充分发挥肥效。     

果蔬采后存在问题及贮藏保鲜技术发展

随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。     

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and residues of oil and protein crops

Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha⁻¹ grain and 16 t ha⁻¹ residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha⁻¹, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha⁻¹; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha⁻¹. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO⁻₃-N ha⁻¹.     

我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望

1　我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1　播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm²,发展到1333.3万hm²,增长139.5%。1.2　总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg……     

向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。     

果蔬食品的褐变与控制

结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。     

On Fengshui and Rockery and Water Layout

Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design.     

Approaches and Applications of Chemomics and Chemoinformatics

Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology.     

Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear

Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection.