养蜂员易罹疾患调查报告

采用走访及随机调查的方法，发现某些疾病在养蜂从业人群中有高发态势。养蜂员应该增强自身保健意识，避免遭受职业病的困扰。     

Drug Residues in Serum of Dogs Receiving Anticancer Chemotherapy

Background: The presence of drug residues in blood samples can represent an occupational hazard. However, studies on cytotoxic drug residues in serum of dogs are lacking in veterinary oncology. Objective: To evaluate possible occupational hazards associated with handling of blood samples from dogs receiving oncolytic drugs 7 days after treatment. Animals: Twenty‐seven client‐owned dogs treated for lymphoma or mast cell tumors with vincristine, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, or doxorubicin. Methods: Prospective, observational study. Serum samples were either taken 7 days after administration of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (lymphoma), and vinblastine (mast cell tumor), or 1–2 days after the last concurrent oral administration of cyclophosphamide (mast cell tumor). Additionally, serum was collected within 5 minutes of treatment. Measurement of drug residues in serum was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Results: In 33 samples collected within 5 minute of treatment, the median serum concentrations were vincristine: 37 μg/L (range: 11–87 μg/L), vinblastine: 13 μg/L (range: 13–35 μg/L), cyclophosphamide: 2,484 μg/L (range: 1,209–2,778 μg/L), doxorubicin: 404 μg/L (range: 234–528 μg/L). In 81 serum samples collected 7 days after treatment vinblastine (7 μg/L) was detected in 1 sample, and cyclophosphamide (7 and 9 μg/L) in 2 samples collected 1–2 days after oral administration of cyclophosphamide. Medications were not detected in any of the other samples. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Handling of blood samples from dogs receiving oncolytic chemotherapy 7 days after treatment with vincristine, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin should not present a health hazard.     

同一个健康：建立动物健康与人类健康的和谐关系——中加动物健康项目举办“食品安全与公共卫生”培训班

食品安全是公共健康的重要组成部分.如何应对不断出现的人兽共患病以及公共健康和环境保护问题,是当今世界关注的热点.     

Cytotoxic Drug Residues in Urine of Dogs Receiving Anticancer Chemotherapy

The presence of cytotoxic drug residues in urine of dogs may represent an exposure risk for pet owners and other people as well as a potential environmental contaminant. However, studies on cytotoxic drug residues in excretions of clinical patients are lacking in veterinary oncology. Hypothesis: Variable concentrations of cytotoxic residues are present in urine samples, depending on sampling time and substance. Animals: Client‐owned dogs with lymphoma or mast cell tumors treated with standard chemotherapy protocols. Methods: Urine samples were collected before, directly after, and on days after administration of chemotherapy. Measurement of vincristine, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin residues in canine urine was performed by a quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method. Results: Median cyclophosphamide residue concentration was 398.2 μg/L directly after treatment (d0) and was below the level of detection on days 1–3 (d1, d2, d3). Median vincristine residue concentration was 53.8 μg/L directly after treatment and was 20.2, 11.4, and 6.6 μg/L on days 1, 2, and 3. Median vinblastine residues were 144.9 (d0), 70.8 (d1), 35.6 (d2), and 18.7 μg/L (d3) with low concentrations detectable for 7 days after treatment. Median urine doxorubicin concentrations were 354.0 (d0), 165.6 (d1), 156.9 (d2), and 158.2 μg/L (d3). Low concentrations of doxorubicin were measurable up to 21 days after administration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Variable concentrations of chemotherapeutics were measured in urine samples, depending on sampling time point and drug. Findings may inform current chemoprotection guidelines and help minimize exposure risks.     

Outbreak of Occupational Brucellosis at a Pharmaceutical Factory in Southeast China

Brucellosis is an occupational disease affecting workers in butcher shops, the milking and dairy product industry, causing more than 500 000 new cases around the world. As a national statutory B infectious disease in China, morbidity of brucellosis is rapidly increasing in recent years. We report an occupational outbreak of brucellosis infection in a pharmaceutical factory. Exposure was a result of manual operation in the process line, close contact with sheep placentas, insufficient disinfection and repeated using of protective suits and infected by aerosol dissemination. Improved preventive methods, appropriate public health measures and spread of health education would be helpful to prevent the occupational outbreak of brucellosis in future.     

Frequency of occupation with different simultaneously offered devices by fattening pigs kept in pens with or without straw

The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent different occupational devices (pendular beam, cross of chains or lifting beam) offered simultaneously were used by one or more pigs kept in pens with or without straw during the fattening period. The data were obtained in four fattening periods. In every round four pens with nine animals each were available, two of them had a solid concrete floor and were littered with straw the other two had a partially slatted floor without any straw. At three stages during each fattening period the behaviour of the pigs was video-recorded for 24 h and their use of each occupational tool was analysed second-wise.In both housing systems the cross of chains was used longer for occupation than the other devices. The pendular beam was used least of all. All three devices could have been used by more than one pig at the same time, but the cross of chains was used longer by two to four pigs simultaneously than the others. It was observed that pigs in pens without straw used the cross of chains and the lifting beam significantly (p < 0.05) longer than the pigs in the pens with straw.All three devices are suitable to enrich a housing system without any litter. Especially a cross of chains allows the pigs to perform their explorational behaviour.     

动物健康与人类健康的协作关系

人兽共患病是一类完全由动物传播给人类的疾病.世界卫生组织公布有200多种人们已知的人畜共患病,估计人类新发传染性病有75%是由动物病原体引起的.图1为动物健康与人类健康的关系.     

动物健康体系构建研究

动物健康体系最初在澳大利亚和加拿大等国建立,在动物疾病防控方面起到了十分重要的作用。本文对澳大利亚已建立的动物健康体系和我国兽医医疗体制进行对比,分析在我国建立更合理的官方兽医制度和动物健康体系以加快兽医与人医公共卫生一体化进程的对策。     

动物健康体系建设与公共卫生一体化

动物健康体系最初在澳大利亚和加拿大等国建立,在动物疾病防控方面起到了十分重要的作用。本文对澳大利亚已建立的动物健康体系和我国兽医医疗体制进行对比,分析在我国建立更合理的官方兽医制度和动物健康体系以加快兽医与人医公共卫生一体化进程的对策。