断奶犊牛补饲配合精料配方筛选

[目的]为了筛选出适合攀枝花市地区断奶犊牛补饲配合日粮营养配方。[方法]选1.5~3月龄、体重100~180 kg的西本杂犊牛共32头,随机分为4组,开展断奶犊牛补饲配合精料配方筛选试验。[结果]经90 d的育肥,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组头均增重分别为40.63 kg、试验46.38 kg、46.5 kg和47.63 kg。日增重Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组较I组分别提高14.16%、14.47%、17.24%;Ⅲ、Ⅳ组较Ⅱ组分别提高0.27%、2.70%;Ⅳ组较Ⅲ组提高2.42%,组间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。从经济效益看,I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、组头均纯收入分别为102.6元、219.44元、174.63元、140.02元,Ⅱ组较I组提高113.88%、较Ⅲ组提高25.66%、较Ⅳ组提高56.72%,Ⅱ组的经济效益高于其它组。[结论]试验结果表明,Ⅱ号配方是断奶西杂犊牛较为理想的补饲配合精料配方。     

犊牛的饲养管理

现代化牧场的经营管理是一个整体概念．以综合效益作为衡量标准．而奶牛泌乳性能的优劣并非仅仅由泌乳牛饲养水平的高低决定．饲养体系中任何一环的忽略．都会导致整体效益的下降。牧场是一个持续发展的企业，这就决定了它的良好运营、发展必须繁育优良品质的后代，但犊牛期的饲养属于高投入阶段．     

高通量测序分析不同断奶时间对南方黄牛犊牛瘤胃细菌菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究不同断奶时间对南方黄牛犊牛瘤胃微生物多样性、物种丰度的影响。选用18头南方黄牛犊牛,依据出生体重相近原则随机分成对照组(NW,n=3)和早期断奶组(EW,n=15)。NW组不早期断奶;3个早期断奶组逐渐增加开食料、青饲料的饲喂量,当犊牛连续3 d每日进食固体饲料干物质分别达500 g(EW500,n=5)、750 g(EW750,n=5)和1 000 g(EW1000,n=5)时,停喂代乳粉。犊牛断奶后利用口腔取样装置获取瘤胃内容物样品,用Illumina-Mi Seq高通量测序技术分析瘤胃细菌结构和组成的变化。结果表明:NW组瘤胃细菌最多的是厚壁菌门(P0.05);EW组拟杆菌门相对较高,EW750和EW1000组较NW组差异显著(P0.05);瘤胃内细菌在属水平上普雷沃氏菌占比例较多,EW组的普雷沃氏菌较NW组有所增加(P0.05),丁酸弧菌属和琥珀酸菌属均显著增加(P0.05),但EW500、EW750和EW1000组间差异不显著(P0.05);EW组分支杆菌属和颤螺菌属较NW组显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,早期断奶能显著影响犊牛瘤胃细菌多样性及物种丰度,但是不同早期断奶时间处理组之间差异不显著,从瘤胃微生物角度,推荐日采食固体饲料干物质达500 g时断奶。     

犊牛饮水的重要性与管理要点

犊牛阶段的生长发育状况对成年后生产性能的发挥具有极为重要的影响,所以犊牛的饲养管理非常关键。水是犊牛维持基础营养代谢和健康生长的重要营养元素,但是与代乳粉和开食料等日粮相比,容易被牧场忽视。本文分析了犊牛饮水的重要性及需水量与采食量的关系,讨论了犊牛饮水管理中的关键点,为加强犊牛饮水管理,提高犊牛阶段的培育管理水平提供指导。     

肉牛犊牛饲养管理及疾病防治

肉牛具有生长周期短、产肉效率高、经济效益高、市场需求大的特征。近年,随消费者的物质生活水平显著提升,对牛肉制品的需求量不断增加,直接促进肉牛养殖产业的发展。肉牛养殖场养殖效益的好坏,受到新生犊牛饲养管理、早期断奶管理、疾病防治等各方面因素影响,做好犊牛养殖管理,能有效减少疫病的发生,避免由于传染性疾病危害造成严重经济损失,保证养殖户的经济效益,为广大消费者提供优质安全的牛肉制品。     

哺乳期犊牛健康管理

哺乳期犊牛是奶牛生命周期的开始,也是奶牛整个生命周期中最为脆弱的阶段,其健康状况可直接影响牧场的可持续发展和经营效率。在哺乳期,犊牛可面临多种疾病的挑战,但消化道疾病和呼吸道疾病是全球奶牛养殖业面临的共性问题。本文对哺乳期犊牛健康状况、初乳管理、犊牛腹泻和呼吸道疾病的管理进行了梳理,并对其防控提出了建议。初乳管理方面分析了影响初乳质量的因素、初乳储存与处理和饲喂管理;犊牛健康管理部分叙述了产圈管理、饲养环境和饲喂方式、营养及饲喂管理、疫苗免疫、通风、疾病早期诊断、应激管理和患犊管理。     

西门塔尔犊牛饲养管理要点

西门塔尔牛是一种乳肉兼用的大型牛品种,其产奶性能和产肉性能均较好,具有非常可观的养殖效益。而其初生犊牛是一个特殊阶段的群体,关系着养殖场的长期发展,做好犊牛的饲养管理是重中之重。本文根据四川省阳平种牛场近五年的管理经验,对犊牛出生后的饲养管理技术进行了详细的分析和总结,以期为养殖场饲养西门塔尔犊牛提供参考。     

犊牛的初乳饲喂和管理指南

针对美国某些奶牛场犊牛死亡率较高的现状,究其原因在很大程度上是由于初乳的饲喂和管理不尽合理造成的,本文的目的在于强调初乳对新生犊牛的重要性以及探讨初乳饲喂和管理的最佳方法。     

The Etiology and Surgical Management of Tracheal Collapse in Calves

The mean ages of 10 calves with tracheal collapse were 2.7 weeks at onset of clinical signs and 9.4 weeks at presentation for treatment. Inspiratory and expiratory dyspnea and stunted growth were the most common clinical signs. There were abnormalities of the cranial ribs consistent with healing fractures with redundant callus in eight lateral thoracic radiographs. Tracheal collapse in calves may result from cranial thoracic trauma during or soon after birth. Short polypropylene ring prostheses made from 60 ml syringe barrels were placed on the tracheas of four calves with cervical tracheal collapse. There were cranial rib masses in all calves and resection of the right first and second ribs was necessary in one calf to allow placement of prostheses. Dyspnea was relieved in all calves. One calf died of unrelated causes in year 3, and one calf had recurrence of clinical signs at month 5 and was euthanatized. In both calves, tracheal stenosis resulted from continued growth and infolding of the trachea within the constraints of the prostheses. One calf was alive at month 11, and one calf died of acute bronchopneumonia on day 2. Removal of tracheal prostheses in calves is recommended after 2 to 3 months if clinical signs recur.     

饲养管理对哺乳仔猪成活率与断奶重的影响

将60头八眉猪二元待产母猪随机分成实验组和对照组,每组30头,实验组在预产期前30d在母猪的饲料中添加适量的营养物质,基础喂量为每天每头2kg,每产一头仔猪增加0.25kg,仔猪生出后1～3日龄保温箱的温度控制在30～32℃,4～7日龄为28～30℃,8～28日龄圈舍温度控制在22 ～ 25℃.对照组产前30d在饲料中不添加含蛋白质饲料,每天每头饲喂3.5kg.仔猪出生1～7日龄保温箱的温度控制在28 ～30℃,8～28日龄分娩舍温度控制在20～25℃.结果表明,实验组28日龄成活率和断奶重明显高于对照组,差异均显著（P＜0.05）.     

自动化饲喂饲养模式下哺乳犊牛的饲养管理

犊牛是牧场发展的后备军,优质的犊牛培育是牧场可持续发展的有利保障之一。因此,科学的犊牛饲养管理措施和合理的犊牛饲养模式对于犊牛培育极其重要。通过对自动化饲喂饲养模式下哺乳犊牛的饲喂技术、管理措施以及疾病预防等方面进行综述,重点介绍初乳、饲喂计划、补饲、奶粉及开食料、饲喂标准、饲养环境、管理细节差异、疾病治疗方案等内容,以期对自动化饲喂饲养模式下的牧场提供参考。     

Surgical Repair and Management of Congenital Intestinal Atresia in 68 Calves

Objective— To determine outcome and survival rate after surgical treatment of intestinal atresia, gender predilection, and effect of rectal palpation on the cause of atresia coli in calves.
Study Design— Prospective clinical study.
Animals— Newborn calves (n=68).
Methods— Data collected were husbandry system, anamneses, physical examination findings, surgical treatments, and postoperative results. Calves with atresia ani, and with atresia coli et recti had anal reconstruction and right flank colostomy, respectively. In midflank colostomized calves, the inner muscular layers were dissected to form a valve-like stoma.
Results— Of 68 calves with intestinal atresia, 37 were treated surgically. Anal reconstruction was performed in 21 calves with atresia ani with a long-term survival rate of at least 6 months with good condition. Colostomy was performed in 14 calves with atresia coli and 1 with atresia coli et recti; survival rate was 73%. The case morbidity rate for intestinal atresia was 13.8% and for atresia coli, 5.7% in the hospital population. No gender predilection for occurrence of atresia ani and atresia coli was identified. Palpation per rectum for early pregnancy diagnosis did not predispose to atresia coli.
Conclusion— Surgical treatment of atresia ani through circular anal skin removal has a good prognosis for survival. Colostomy is not an acceptable treatment from the calf's perspective because of the resulting poor condition but the high survival rate is important to allow continued milk production of the dam.
Clinical Relevance— Early diagnosis, supportive treatment, and surgical correction are important in management of atresia coli.     

西藏牦牛犊牛集中饲养管理关键技术

就西藏牦牛犊牛集中饲养管理进行综述,以期对牦牛养殖企业和牦牛养殖农牧民合作社开展牦牛犊牛集中饲养提供借鉴。