College of Engineering and Technology,Southwest University

Southwest University, one of the “Project 211”universities of China, was built by combiningSouthwest China Normal University and Southwest Agricultural University authorized by the Ministry ofEducation in July 2005. College of Engineering and Technology…     

Response of grapevine cv. ‘Tempranillo’ to timing and amount of irrigation: water relations, vine growth, yield and berry and wine composition

The effects of several moderate irrigation regimes on vine water status, yield, and must and wine composition, were investigated during five seasons in a vineyard planted with Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo. Treatments consisted of non-irrigated vines and six differentially irrigated treatments with contrasting watering regimes during the pre-veraison and post-veraison periods. There were large differences in yield and grape and wine quality responses to irrigation among seasons, probably as consequence of the different environmental conditions and crop levels. It was, however, clear that vines benefit more of the irrigation supplied in years of high yield levels. Across seasons, yield increased in proportion to the amount of water applied mostly due to the larger berries of irrigated vines, and there was no clear response to the timing of irrigation supplied. In addition, there were no carry over effects due to irrigation on bud fertility. The post-veraison water application was necessary to increase must sugar level and wine alcohol content. However, water restrictions during the pre-veraison period lead to more concentrated berries in terms of total phenolic and anthocyanins. The only noticeable detrimental effect of irrigation, regardless of the timing of its application, on wine composition was an increase in wine pH.     

The Information Engineering Institute and the Electromechanical Engineering Institute, Jinhua College of Profession and Technology

JinhuaCollegeofProfessionandTechnologywasfirstfoundedin1994andwasgrantedasoneofthe keystate-levelconstructingcollegesin2003.Itisacomprehensiveandfull-timehighervocationalcollege,boastingwiththesubjectsofengineering,agriculture,medicine,economics,management,literature,pedagogyandarts.Thecollegeconsistsof12subordinateinstitutesofInformationEngineering,ElectromechanicalEngineering,ArchitecturalEngineering,GeneticEngineering,TradeandEconomy,Pedagogy,Medicine,Tourism,Arts,MaterialsandChemica…     

The Institute of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Jilin University

The Institute of Mechanical Science and Engineering of Jilin University consistsoffivedepartments andGovernment Teaching Base of Mechanical Foundation:Department of Machinery Manufacture &Automation,Department of Machinery Design & Automation,Department of Mechanical and ElectricalEngineering,Department of Engineering Mechanics,Department of Industrial Engineering.TheGovernment Teaching Base contains Engineering and Computer Graphics,Mechanical Mechanism,MachineDesign and Experi…     

The Institute of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University

The Institute of Mechanical Science and Engineering of Jilin University consistsoffivedepartments andGovernment Teaching Base of Mechanical Foundation:Department of Machinery Manufacture &Automation,Department of Machinery Design & Automation,Department of Mechanical and ElectricalEngineering,Department of Engineering Mechanics,Department of Industrial Engineering. TheGovernment Teaching Base contains Engineering and Computer Graphics,Mechanical Mechanism,MachineDesign and Exper…     

Cattle, ethanol, and biogas: Does closing the loop make economic sense?

The recent surge in US ethanol production has led to an increase in the amount of byproduct feed available to cattle producers. The impetus behind the increase in ethanol production is US policy to increase the production and use of renewable fuels. Manure from cattle production can also be used to produce a renewable fuel: methane. By co-locating a cattle feedlot with an existing ethanol plant, there may be synergies between ethanol, methane and cattle production. Byproduct from the ethanol plant can be fed to feeder cattle, manure from the cattle used in methane production, and the methane used as an energy source in the ethanol plant. Alternatively, methane can be used to generate electricity. We investigate the economic advisability of these systems. Using cost estimates for construction and operating a feedlot and anaerobic digester for methane production, we project revenues and costs over a 20-year time period. Our findings are consistent with studies that have considered just cattle production and methane production. The investment required to build a slatted-floor feedlot and concrete anaerobic digester cannot be justified under existing economic conditions. An increase in renewable fuel/electricity subsidies of at least $0.053 per kW h or $72 per 1000 m³ of methane are required to just break even when methane is used to produce electricity or is burned for thermal energy, respectively.     

The College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Universit

The College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering( MEE) was first founded in1 95 9,as Depart-ment of Agricultural Mechanics,which changed its name as Department of Agricultural Engineering in1 990 ,then Institute of Engineering and Technology in 1 994and finally College of Mechanical and ElectronicEngineering in2 0 0 0 respectively.Now there are60 staffsin the college including9professors and1 4associ-ate professors,and 73% of them have degrees of M.Eng.or Ph.D.With 4specialities f…     

The College of Engineering and Technology,Hu'''' nan Agricultural University

The College of Engineering and Technology in Hu'nan Agricultural University was named AgriculturalMachinery Department when founded in 1 95 8,renamed as Agricultural Engineering Department in 1 984,and given the currentname in 1 994.The college has eight teaching and researching sections,including Mechanical Design Section,Metalwork Section,Electrical Engineering Section,Agricultural Machinery Section,Automobile andTractor Section,Water Conservancy and Electrical Engineering Sectio…     

Brief Introduction to Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Discipline,College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University

Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Discipline of Zhejiang University was a keydiscipline of the National “985”Program.This discipline currently has52 faculty members,including 1 Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering,1 6professors,and 1 3 Ph.D.student supervisors. Our discipline has many well-equipped labs,including a Key Open ResearchL ab of Agriculture Ministry of China,and some experimental bases forteaching and researching.In the recent3 years,over1 3 0 research proje…     

Introduction to the College of Engineering and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University

The College of Engineering and Technology at Huazhong Agricultural University was set up on thebasis of the former Departmentof Agricultural Engineering in1 997under the ratification ofthe Ministry ofAgriculture.The college now has 71 staff members including 6professors,2 3associate professors,and 2senior engineers.Two of them won the award of the young and middle aged experts with outstandingachievements and1 2 were awarded the special allowance.Among all the academic staff,5 1 % ( 2 3) h…     

Brief Introduction to Research Center of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering,Qingdao University

Qingdao University( QU) ,one of the key comprehensive universities of Shandong Province,wascombined by former Qingdao University,Shandong Textile Engineering Institute,Qingdao MedicalCollege and Qingdao Teachers'College in 1 993. Nearly covering all the fields ofliberal arts,history,law,economics,management,science,technology,medicine,and education,5 1 undergraduate and42 graduate( master and doctorate) academic programs are offered by QU now for2 2 ,0 0 0 students( 62 0 graduatestudent…     

Replacing saline–sodic irrigation water with treated wastewater: effects on saturated hydraulic conductivity,slaking, and swelling

Irrigation with saline–sodic water imposes sodic conditions on the soil and reduces the soil’s productivity. We hypothesized that replacing saline–sodic irrigation water with lesser saline–sodic treated waste water (TWW), albeit with higher loads of organic matter and suspended solids, might help sodic soils regain their structure and hydraulic conductivity. We studied hydraulic conductivity (HC), aggregate stability and clay swelling of a soil from the Bet She’an Valley, Israel using samples taken from a non-cultivated field (control), and plots irrigated with TWW, saline–sodic Jordan River (JR) water, and moderately saline–sodic spring (SP) water. Soil samples were taken at the end of the irrigation season (autumn 2005) and at the end of the subsequent rainy season (spring 2006). In the HC and the aggregate stability determinations, for both sampling seasons, the TWW-irrigated samples gave significantly higher values than the SP- and JR-irrigated samples, but lower than the samples from the control plot. The autumn samples exhibited, generally, higher HC and lower swelling levels compared with the spring samples. Conversely, aggregate stability of the spring samples was higher than that of the autumn samples. These seasonal changes in the results of the three tests were associated with seasonal changes in the salinity and sodicity of the soils. Contributions from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel. No. 601/2007 series.     

Determining water–yield relationship,water use efficiency,crop and pan coefficients for silage maize in a semiarid region

A field study was conducted to determine effects of seasonal deficit irrigation on plant cob, leaf, stem and total fresh yield, plant height and water use efficiency (WUE) of silage maize for a 2-year period in the semiarid region. In addition, the crop and pan coefficients k _c and k _p of silage maize were determined in full irrigation conditions. Irrigations were applied when approximately 50% of the usable soil moisture was consumed in the effective rooting depth at the full irrigation treatment. In deficit irrigation treatments, irrigations were applied at the rates of 80, 60, 40, 20 and 0% of full irrigation treatment on the same day. Irrigation water was applied by hose-drawn traveler with a line of sprinklers. Increasing water deficits resulted in a relatively lower cob, leaf, stem and total fresh yields. The linear relationship between evapotranspiration and total fresh yield were obtained. Similarly, WUE was the highest in full irrigation conditions and the lowest in continuous stress conditions. According to the averaged values of 2 years, yield response factor (k _y) was 1.51 for silage maize. When combined values of 2 years, seasonal pan coefficient (k _p) and seasonal crop coefficient (k _c) were determined as 0.84 and as 1.01 for silage maize, respectively.     

Using Biogas Slurry to Regulate Growth,Field and Fruit Quality of Greenhouse Tomato and Nitrogen Dynamics in Root Zone北大核心CSCD

【Objective】The physiological development of tomato is affected by a number of integrative abiotic and biotic factors and the purpose of this paper is to investigate how irrigation with biogas slurry alerts the yield and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse from autumn in 2017 to spring in 2018 by irrigating the tomato with a mixture of fresh water and biogas slurry at volumetric ratio of 1∶8, 1∶6 and 1∶4 at flowering stage and fruit-elongation stage respectively. In each treatment, we measured growth, yield, and fruit quality of the tomato, as well as the dynamics of total nitrogen in the root zone. 【Result】The tomato growth was positively related to the biogas slurry ratio at significant level, and the 1∶6 and 1∶4 ratio gave the highest total dry matter at the flowering stage and the fruit expansion stage respectively. The 1∶6 treatment gave the best return, and compared to CK (without biogas slurry), it increased the return by 12.93% in autumn and 12.31% in spring respectively. Irrigating with 1∶4 ratio at fruit elongation stage gave the highest yield, and compared to CK, it increased the yield by 26.59% in autumn and 27.71% in spring respectively. The 1∶4 treatment gave 4.32% increase in yield compared to chemical fertilizer application in spring. T5 and T6 treatments improved soluble sugar and solid, as well as and sugar-acid ratio, while T2 and T3 treatments increased titratable acid and vitamin C content.【Conclusion】Irrigation by mixing biogas slurry and freshwater at 1∶6 and 1∶4 volumetric ratio at flowering-fruiting stage and fruit expansion stage can considerably improve yield and quality of tomato. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Bad for the environment, good for the farmer? Urban sanitation and nutrient flows

Due to poor urban sanitation farmers in and around most cities in developing countries face highly polluted surface water. While the sanitation challenge has obvious implications for environmental pollution and food safety it can also provide ‘free’ nutrients for irrigating farmers. To understand the related dimensions, a box-flow model was used to identify the most important water and nutrient flows for the Ghanaian city of Kumasi, a rapidly growing African city with significant irrigation in its direct vicinity. The analysis focused on nitrogen and phosphorus and was supplemented by a farm based nutrient balance assessment. Results show that the city constitutes a vast nutrient sink that releases considerable nutrients loads in its passing streams, contributing to the eutrophication of downstream waters. However, farmers have for various practical reasons little means and motivation in using this resource of nutrients. This might change under increasing fertilizer prices as the nutrient load will continue to increase by 40% till 2015 assuming a widening gap between population growth and investments in water supply on one side and investments in sanitation on the other. However, even a strong investment into flushing toilets would not reduce environmental pollution due to the dominance of on-site sanitation systems, but instead strongly increase water competition. Key options to reduce the nutrient load would be via optimized waste collection and investment in dry or low-flush toilets. The latter seems also appropriate for the city to meet the water and sanitation Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) without increasing water shortages in toilet connected households.