南京城市滨水绿地设计分析

通过从保护生态和满足人的视觉、心理需求出发，分析了河道的驳岸类型及存在的问题，探讨了生态驳岸的含义。并且分析了滨水区景观植物的配置。     

城市公园水体的生态型驳岸设计--以佛山中央公园为例

随着城市的建设和发展,城市公园水体功能不仅要满足景观方面的需求,更重要的是其在生态保护方面所起的作用。本文通过分析目前城市公园水体常用的驳岸形式及存在问题,提出建设生态驳岸的必要性和重要性,并以佛山中央公园为例,在城市公园水体驳岸设计中引入生态保护的理念,兼顾人类和自然的共同需求,从而达到真正意义上的人与自然的和谐共存。     

城市湿地景观的生态设计

湿地是指介于陆地生态系统和水生生态系统之间的过渡生态系统。论述了湿地的生态和景观功能,城市湿地的生态设计应保持湿地的连续性、完整性和生物多样性,从植物选择、构筑物和驳岸设计方面具体论述了生态设计的理念和方法。     

城市水景的生态驳岸施工设计

从保护生态和满足人的视觉、心理需求的角度出发,分析了城市中河道驳岸的类型及现状,河道驳岸存在的问题;探讨了生态驳岸的涵义,以及在进行河道驳岸建设时,如何根据不同的河道类型选择不同的生态驳岸。     

城市湿地景观的生态设计

湿地是指介于陆地生态系统和水生生态系统之间的过渡生态系统.论述了湿地的生态和景观功能,城市湿地的生态设计应保持湿地的连续性、完整性和生物多样性,从植物选择、构筑物和驳岸设计方面具体论述了生态设计的理念和方法.     

居住区水景驳岸设计研究

以保护生态环境为出发点,分析了当今居住区水景驳岸设计现状,归纳总结了现今城市水景驳岸设计的缺点和不足,探讨了生态驳岸建设的意义和内涵,探索了生态驳岸设计的相关类型,为居住区水景的生态驳岸设计提供一些参考。     

吉林市滨水地带驳岸形式探析

根据对吉林市滨水地带驳岸的实地调查,分析了松花江驳岸形式存在的优缺点,并提出符合生态平衡规律、坚持以人为本原则的生态驳岸的设计思想,结合几处自然式驳岸设计实例,探讨了生态驳岸与水边环境的配合形式。     

南宁市西乡塘区居住小区驳岸景观调查分析与优化研究

指出了随着人们生活质量的不断提高,水景逐渐得到城市居民的青睐,已成为评价居住环境的重要依据之一,而驳岸景观又是水景的重要组成部分,其景观质量直接影响到居住小区的整体环境质量,影响居民亲近水的行为和亲水活动,对居住小区驳岸景观进行调查研究具有积极的意义。通过实地调查和现场统计,在了解南宁市西乡塘区居住小区驳岸景观发展现状的基础上,统计分析了其水体驳岸的形式、断面设计、亲水活动空间、构筑材料和驳岸植物的配置等情况,针对存在的主要问题提出了优化建议,以期提高居住小区的驳岸景观质量。     

广州市麓湖公园水生植物资源应用分析

采用实地调查的方法对麓湖公园的水生植物资源进行系统分析,结果表明,麓湖公园目前应 用的水生植物共 28 种,隶属于 18 科,其中挺水植物 14 种、浮叶植物 3 种、沉水植物 3 种、耐水湿生 木本植物 8 种;根据观赏部位划分,观花类水生植物有 11 种,花色主要集中在白色、粉色、紫红色、黄 色,多数为顶端花序,花形各异,全年有花可赏;观叶类水生植物有 10 种,叶色不同,叶形各异;观姿 类水生植物有 4 种;麓湖公园的驳岸方式有硬质直立式驳岸和自然斜坡驳岸两种,硬质直立式驳岸以单 一水生植物列植为主,通过水生植物的种类和株高变化丰富景观效果,自然斜坡驳岸以风景林、多种植 物组合配置形式为主,通过耐水湿生木本植物和地被植物种类的变化增加景观的多样性。麓湖公园的水 生植物景观展现出季相变化、色彩搭配和层次效果,若要维持优美的水生植物景观效果,后期的养护管 理非常重要,建议在少游客的游览区域营造以耐水湿生木本植物为主的持久、低养护的水体景观。     

园林驳岸设计中工程与美学问题

园林驳岸在水景建设中具有重要的地位,既是必要的水工构筑物也是重要的点景要素.为使园林驳岸设计更科学、经济、美观,本文从工程力学与美学两方面分析各类常用驳岸材料的设计要点及应用范围,为设计师在不同的环境下因地制宜的选择驳岸类型提供基础性资料,并建立科学的驳岸设计方法.     

应用人工神经网络预测马尾松毛虫的有虫面积

运用人工神经网络的原理和方法,选取与马尾松毛虫发生量相关关系密切的8个气象因子作为样本的输入特征,建立马尾松毛虫有虫面积与气象因子的BP网络模型,结果表明:所建立的BP模型,具有令人满意的拟合精度和预测精度.当隐含层神经元个数为15个,输入因子数为8个时,18组有虫面积的平均拟合精度为100%,相关系数为1.000 0,2组预留有虫面积的平均预测精度为96.85%,预测准确率为100%.     

论法治与德治的辩证统一

法治既是一种治国方式和手段,也是人民行使管理国家、管理社会的权利的途径.德治的核心内容是要建立社会主义的道德体系和弘扬优秀的民族精神.法治和德治既有区别,又有联系,是辨证统一的.法治、德治的辩证统一是贯彻"三个代表"重要思想和建设中国特色社会主义的内在要求.     

川硬皮肿腿蜂携带白僵菌主动传染松墨天牛探索试验

进行了川硬皮肿腿蜂携带白僵菌主动传染松墨天牛的室内探索试验,结果表明,松墨天牛个体大小对川蜂能否成功寄生影响很大,在4龄天牛幼虫上,川蜂不能寄生;3龄幼虫中,以每头10蜂处理的寄生率达到70%,以每头5蜂处理的寄生率为40%,寄生成功后川蜂能在寄主上完成生活史。Bxs菌株对川蜂的毒力不强,可以忽略白僵菌对川蜂的毒力影响。     

Browsing damage by moose in Swedish forests: assessments by hunters and foresters

Abstract

In Sweden, there is a longstanding conflict between the use of forests for timber production and game for hunting due to browsing damages on young forests. This study examines the assessments of two stakeholder groups regarding browsing damage by moose. The data originated from a mail survey that involved hunters and forest owners in Sweden. The samples were randomly selected from two national registers of hunters and forest owners, respectively. An ordered logit model was used to account for the assessments of severity of moose browsing damage. The results showed that on average, non-forest owning hunters rated the browsing damage on their main hunting ground lower than non-hunting forest owners rated the browsing damage on their forest estate. The respondents who both hunt and own forest had a rating that was intermediate between the former two groups. The ratings were mainly influenced by level of activity in improving game habitat, quantity of moose meat obtained, level of moose on forest estate and the importance of bagging game as well as forest estate size, hunting ground size, and the stakeholder group that the respondents belong. The findings can help in designing strategies for conflict resolution between forestry and hunting for moose.     

Suppression of debris movement by forests and damage to forests by debris deposition

 Forest buffer zones have recently been introduced in an attempt to suppress debris movement caused by mass wasting. There are, however, many questions left unsolved regarding the role of forests in suppressing debris movement and damage to forests by debris deposition. A number of debris avalanches occurred in southern Fukushima Prefecture and Hiroshima Prefecture in August 1998 and June 1999, respectively. Suppression of debris movement by forests and damage to forests by debris deposition were investigated in this study using aerial photographic interpretation and topographic analysis. Of the debris avalanches delineated in the Fukushima and Hiroshima areas, 282 and 84 sites, respectively, were forested, and 43 and seven sites, respectively, were nonforested. Topographic parameters, land use, and forest type at each site were surveyed by aerial photographic interpretation and topographic analysis. Suppression of debris movement by forest vegetation was confirmed by higher equivalent coefficients of friction and shorter average deposition zone length (about 28% and 55% shorter in the Fukushima and Hiroshima areas, respectively) in forested sites compared with nonforested sites. While previous studies suggested that the width of the forest zone required to prevent sediment outflow by surface erosion increases with increasing slope gradient, no clear relationship was found in this study. While the length of deposition zone of debris material (this study) is strongly affected by the dynamic solid friction coefficient and fluid friction of debris material, the length of deposition zone of the outflow of surface wash (past studies) is mainly affected by the tractive force of water flow. Among the 65 trees that remained at the terminus of deposition zones at five sites, 36 were alive and 29 were dead. Damage to the forest increases with increasing thickness of deposits and decreases with increasing tree diameter. Such results are useful for designing forest buffer zones. Received: June 18, 2001 / Accepted: August 21, 2002 Correspondence to:Y. Ishikawa     

Inhibition by pulp juice and enhancement by ingestion on germination of bird-dispersedPrunus seeds

To evaluate what prevents seed germination and why ingestion by birds enhances germination, we carried out germination experiments using bird-dispersed seeds of twoPrunus species (Prunus sargentii andP. ssiori) in the laboratory. Germination of seeds with following four treatments was compared: “Ingested seeds” excreted after feeding of fruits to birds; “Extracted seeds” deliberately extracted from the fruit pulp; “Juiced seeds” which were supplemented with the juice of the pulp after seeds had been deliberately extracted from the pulp; and “Intact seeds” in untreated whole fruits. Many ingested (27%, 23% inP. sargentii, 18% inP. ssiori) and extracted seeds (24% inP. sargentii, 17% inP. ssiori) germinated, and difference in germination percentages between ingested and extracted seeds were not significant, for eitherPrunus species. The Juiced seeds rarely germinated (2% inP. sargentii, 6% inP. ssiori), and seeds within intact fruits did not germinate. These results suggest that the fruit pulp and the juice of the pulp inhibit germination and the seeds could germinate without ingestion by birds once they had been manually extracted from pulp. Therefore, it is considered that bird ingestion enahnces germination by removing pulp, especially juice of the pulp, in these twoPrunus species.