高肥力条件下不同种植方式对泛麦5号产量的影响

高肥条件下不同种植方式对泛麦5号的群体动态、产量及其构成要素有不同的效果,其中以15cm:30cm宽窄行种植方式产量最高,为最佳种植方式;其次是15cm:25cm宽窄行,而20cm:20cm等行距效果最差。     

不同播期和密度对泛麦8号的影响

泛麦8号的适播期为10月5日到10月19日,密度在5到33万产量差别不大。10月26日以后播种,应酌情适当加大密度到26万以上。     

不同播量对泛麦22农艺性状及产量的影响

通过对泛麦22的不同播量进行试验,结果表明,泛麦22随着播量的增加,对株高影响不大;播种量超过17.5 kg/667 m^2时,倒伏严重,超过20 kg/667 m^2以上时,穗粒数和千粒重均有所下降;从产量水平上看,播量在10~17.5 kg/667 m^2,产量呈上升趋势,播量为17.5 kg/667 m^2时产量最高,达540.7 kg/667 m^2;播量15 kg/667 m^2时,产量为505.9 kg/667 m^2;以播量22.5 kg/667 m^2最低,产量仅达447.7 kg/667 m^2。     

行距配置和密度对冬小麦品种河农822群体质量及产量的影响

为研究不同行距配置和密度对小麦群体质量和产量的影响,以冬小麦品种河农822为试验材料,应用裂区设计研究了3种行距配置和4种密度的交互效应。结果表明,行距和密度的互作效应不显著。相同密度下,15 cm等窄行种植的群体总茎数、叶面积指数、干物质积累量和产量基本上最高,20 cm等宽行次之,16.7 cm 16.7 cm 26.7cm三密一稀种植样式最低。4种种植密度下的群体总茎数以高密度最大,随密度降低群体总茎数减少。叶面积指数、干物质积累量和产量以中密度的较高,过大或过小密度的较低。即密度为300万/hm2或420万/hm2基本苗的叶面积指数及干物质积累量>密度为180万/hm2或540万/hm2基本苗。产量水平为300万/hm2基本苗>420万/hm2基本苗>180万/hm2基本苗>540万/hm2基本苗。所以,河农822最佳的行距配置和密度为15 cm等行距×300万/hm2基本苗。     

淮麦20号特征特性及苏北高产群体动态指标

淮麦20号系江苏省淮安市农科院育成的高产小麦新品种,2003年通过国家审定,适于黄淮南片(苏北、皖北、豫中、豫北等地)中、高肥力地块种植.     

高密度条件下行距配置对春玉米光合特性及产量的影响

为探明在9.0万株/hm2高密度种植条件下旱地春玉米最佳的株行距配置,采用随机区组设计,12个处理(DH1.等行距40.0 cm,DH2.等行距50.0 cm,DH3.等行距60.0 cm,DH4.等行距70.0 cm,DH5.等行距80.0 cm,DH6.等行距90.0 cm,KH1.宽窄行(53.3 cm+26.7 cm),KH2.宽窄行(66.7 cm+33.3 cm),KH3.宽窄行(80.0 cm+40.0 cm),KH4.宽窄行(93.3 cm+46.7 cm),KH5.宽窄行(106.7 cm+53.3 cm),KH6.宽窄行(120.0 cm+60.0 cm))。3次重复,研究了行距配置对郑单958在旱地春播情况下产量和群体光合特性的影响。结果表明,随着行距的缩小,穗位叶SPAD值、穗位叶净光合速率、叶面积指数(LAI)、PAR截获率、单株干物质积累量、籽粒产量均提高;其中,50.0 cm+50.0 cm和66.7 cm+33.3 cm配置2年平均籽粒产量较90.0 cm+90.0 cm和120.0 cm+60.0 cm配置的平均产量提高24.3%,除2013年DH6处理产量显著高于KH6处理外,其余等行距处理和宽窄行处理之间产量无显著性差异。高密度条件下山西省春玉米最佳行距配置为50.0 cm+50.0 cm和66.7 cm+33.3 cm。     

氮肥施用对水稻产量及群体质量的影响

以迟熟中粳广陵香粳为材料，研究不同施氯量对水稻产量及群体质量的影响，结果表明，ck-15％处理的产量最高，为10740kg／hm^2。随着施氮量的增加，各生育期的茎蘖数、高峰苗、成穗数、干物质积累均随之增加，成熟期、抽穗期-成熟期的干物质以ck-15％处理最大，但成穗率随着施氮量的增加却下降趋势。     

底肥配比方式对豫麦47号产量与品质的影响

研究表明，豫麦47号与底肥N水平呈显著正相关关系，同时，N、P配比方式对产量构成因素也有显著影响。试验结果指出，高N处理和产量三因素比较协调，N越高，要求P也高，在低、中N水平时，P量不能少于N量；在高N水平下，N／P比值也要高于0．7，才能获得最高产量。品质分析结果表明，在增加底氮情况下，拔节期追肥量也应该增加，才能保证蛋白质和湿面筋含量；在低、中N情况下，面团形成时间随P量增加而增加，而稳定时间则随P量增加而减少，幅度为2－3Min。在高N情况下，形成时间则随P量增加减少，稳定时间以N：P为15：10处理最高。     

行数与行距配置对带状条播小麦群体及个体质量的影响

为探索四川丘陵区机播带状小麦最优行数与行距配置方式及其播种机开沟器间距设计,2010-2012连续两年度,以紧凑型品种川农27和半紧凑型品种绵麦367为材料,在带宽2 m和150×10⁴ hm^-2固定密度下,以传统“双三零”模式(带宽2 m,20 cm等行距5行)为对照,设置每带3行和行距30 cm + 30 cm (F3-1)、每带3行和行距35 cm + 35 cm (F3-2)、每带3行和行距40 cm + 40 cm (F3-3)、每带4行和行距20 cm + 20 cm + 20 cm (F4-1)、每带4行和行距20 cm + 30 cm + 20 cm (F4-2)以及每带4行和行距20 cm + 40 cm + 20 cm (F4-3)等6种配置方式,研究其对田间通风透光和群体及个体质量的影响。结果表明,种植行数由5行减少到3或4行,同时增大行距后,孕穗期倒三叶位及基部透光率显著提高,群体内部空气流通加强。通风透光条件的改善显著提升了内行群体及个体质量,但对边行的影响较小,边行优势大幅削减,内行表现为成穗率提高,有效穗增多,孕穗到乳熟期叶面积消减速率减缓,干物质积累量增多,穗粒数、单穗重及产量提高。F3-3和F4-3处理的产量超过对照,是该地区带状机条播小麦行数与行距的最佳配置方式;F3-2和F4-2处理的产量与对照相当,但内行个体质量指标优于对照,也可替代传统“双三零”模式。     

Cotton yield and fiber quality affected by row spacing and shading at different growth stages

Carbohydrate production and reproductive structure development in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) depends on light availability, a determinant of cotton yield. Light availability is decreased by cloud cover or self-shading when cotton plants are grown in dense populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of shading during cotton growth and its interactions with plant row spacings on yield and fiber quality. Three independent experiments were conducted as follows: in Paranapanema (23°39′S; 48°58′W), cotton was planted in November in row spacings of 0.45, 0.75 and 0.96 m; in Primavera do Leste (15°33′S; 54°11′W), planting was in January with at row spacings of 0.45 and 0.76 m; and in Chapadão do Céu (18°38′S; 52°40′W), cotton was planted in February in rows spaced at 0.45 and 0.90 m. Plants were exposed to shading during the phenological stages B1 (floral bud), F1 (early flowering), PF (peak flowering) and 3OB (fruit maturity). In addition, there was one treatment without shade. There were no interactions of crop spacing with shading. Increasing plant population and shading both decreased net photosynthetic rate. The number of bolls m⁻² increased with higher plant populations only when planting was delayed, and were not affected by shading. When cotton was planted in November and January, higher yields were obtained at 0.75/0.76 m, but when planting was delayed to February, 0.45 m resulted in higher yields with no effect on fiber quality. Shading for eight or ten days decreases boll weight and yields, but do not affect fiber quality. Cotton yield is the most decreased when shading occurs during flowering. These results may be used to build management strategies to minimize shading effects by adjusting cotton sowing time and plant density, by selecting cultivars with increased shade tolerance and by choosing an adequate irrigation period to improve yield.     

Development of photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile (PCMS) wheat lines showing high male sterility under long-day conditions and high seed fertility under short-day conditions

A “two-line system” using photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS) caused by Aegilops crassa cytoplasm under long-day photoperiods (≧15 h) has been proposed as a means of producing hybrid varieties in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). The PCMS line is maintained by self-pollination under short-day conditions, and hybrid seeds can be produced through outcrossing of the PCMS line with a pollinator line under long-day conditions. Our previous studies revealed that PCMS lines showing complete male sterility under long-day conditions are necessary for practical hybrid wheat breeding, especially to obtain high hybrid purity in F₁ seeds. Furthermore, practical PCMS lines should have high seed fertility under short-day conditions, which is associated with female fertility. Wheat cv. Norin 26 with Ae. crassa cytoplasm exhibits high seed fertility under short-day conditions, and cv. Fujimikomugi with Ae. crassa cytoplasm shows high male sterility under long-day conditions. Here we developed practical PCMS lines derived from the F₁ generation of Norin 26 and Fujimikomugi (with Ae. crassa cytoplasm) that were then backcrossed to elite wheat lines.     

高产优质小麦新品种引种试验

为了引进和选育出适宜驻马店市推广的优质、高产、抗性好的小麦新品种,2003-2005年在全市9县1区安排了10个试验点进行小麦引种试验.试验结果表明,郑麦9023、新麦18表现出了高产、优质、广适的特点,适宜于在驻马店市推广应用.     

Grain yield and its components in spring barley under row and hill plot conditions

Twenty homozygous barley lines were grown in row and hill plots at two locations in Ontario in 1973. The hill plots were of two spacings –30×30 cm and 45×45 cm between hills. Within each spacing, three seeding rates were used i.e. 15, 25 and 35 seeds per hill. Grain yield and three of its components, namely; number of seeds per spike (NSS), number of spikes per plot (NSP) and seed weight (SW) were studied. It was concluded that both NSS and SW could be evaluated in hill plots. NSS was found to be an important component of grain yield and its relationship with grain yield was unaffected by plot types and locations. SW also remained unaffected by plot types and seeding rates but as a component of grain yield it was the least important of the three components measured. The correlation between SW and grain yield could be changed by locations. NSP was as important as NSS as a component of grain yield, and was highly correlated with grain yield. Unlike NSS, NSP could not be efficiently evaluated in hill plots since its correlation between row and hill plots was generally lower.     

不同水分条件下HMW-GS对小麦品质的影响

以SY95-71 (1, 13+16, 5+10)和CH7034 (1, 14+15, 5'+12)重组自交系研究了高分子量麦谷蛋白(HMW-GS)在不同水分条件下对品质性状的影响。结果表明,Glu-1位点各亚基及组合对品质性状的效应受水分条件影响,当Glu-A1为1, Glu-D1为5'+12时, 14+15面团形成时间(雨养)和最大抗延阻力(灌溉)明显高于13+16,增幅分别为5.10%和6.16%; Glu-A1位点为1, Glu-B1为13+16时,含5+10亚基的沉降值(灌溉),以及雨养条件下拉伸面积和最大抗延阻力显著高于5'+12; 1, 14+15, 5+10组合对沉降值(雨养和灌溉)和拉伸面积(灌溉)的效应大于1, 13+16, 5'+12,增幅分别为7.49%、9.54%和10.39%。各组合的蛋白质含量和延伸性、1, 13+16, 5+10的稳定时间以及1, 14+15, 5+10的稳定时间和拉伸面积受水分影响较大,1,13+16,5+10和1,14+15,5+10的面包体积在雨养条件下大于灌溉条件下,1,14+15, 5'+12和1, 13+16, 5'+12则反之。研究结果对选育和推广符合当地生产用途和栽培模式的品种具有指导作用。     

不同绿肥对土壤肥力质量及其烟叶产质量的影响

在鄂西南植烟土壤上进行了不同绿肥对土壤肥力质量及其烟叶产质量影响的试验。本试验结果表明,在一年种植的基础上,种植绿肥对植烟土壤肥力影响有限;烟叶产量方面种植小麦、白菜、油菜好于对照,蚕豆最差;质量方面种植绿肥可以在一定程度上改善化学成分协调性,有提高烟叶品质趋势,其中以油菜处理的化学成分协调性更好,白菜次之,而蚕豆和小麦一般。     

优质高产小麦品系引种试验

为了引进和选育出适应大通县推广的抗病、优质、高产小麦新品种, 2002- 2004年进行了优质小麦引种区域试验.结果表明,优质小麦新品种 (系 )山旱 901、 96532、 D92067、高原 256、青春 193比对照品种增产 20%以上.     

Effects of row spacing and liquid manure on directly drilled winter wheat in organic farming

In the optimisation of grain yield and quality of wheat, plant distribution is a key factor. In contrast to high yield levels, at moderate levels, widening the row space did not decrease grain yield. To gain information about changes in the quality and yield with changing in row spacings in organic farming systems, experiments were conducted at two locations in the Swiss midlands in 2001/2002. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Titlis) was directly drilled in rows 0.1875 and 0.3750 m apart at the same seeding rate per area. An unfertilised treatment and the usual application of 60 m³ ha⁻¹ liquid farmyard manure were compared. While the grain yield was not decreased by the wider row spacing, the thousand kernel weight (TKW), and grain protein content were increased from 42.6 to 43.5 g and from 11.7 to 12.7%, respectively, compared to the narrow row spacing. Liquid manure, on average of both experimental sites, increased the yield (from 3.725 to 4.765 Mg ha⁻¹) and the grain protein content (from 12.0 to 12.5%). Doubling the space between the rows from 0.1875 to 0.3750 m seemed to be a suitable strategy for managing directly drilled winter wheat in organic farming systems.     

不同灌溉条件下优质小麦的产量及品质性状表现

本文研究了十五期间育成的几个优质小麦品种(系)在不同灌水次数和灌水量条件下产量和主要品质所受的影响,结果表明:产量三因素和产量在二水处理的穗数、穗粒重、千粒重、产量较一水、三水处理高.蛋白质含量二水处理最高,其次是一水和三水处理;干面筋含量二水处理大于一水处理、一水处理大于三水处理;湿面筋含量一水条件下相对较高,其次是二水处理;沉降值一水条件下相对较高.由此得出,在有限的灌溉条件下,科学合理的灌溉是保证优质小麦品种高产优质的基本条件.     

稻茬小麦氮高效品种产量构成和群体质量特征

在稻麦两熟条件下,将2016—2017和2017—2018年江苏扬州参试的24个和江苏睢宁参试的23个小麦品种按氮肥表观利用率(NUR)划分为高效(NUR≥50%)、中效(NUR 40%～50%)和低效(NUR≤40%)品种类型,比较其产量、产量构成因素和群体质量指标的差异,为稻茬小麦品种选用和大面积高产高效生产提供参考。结果表明,两年度在扬州均表现出高效的品种为扬麦25和宁麦21,在睢宁为淮麦35。扬州和睢宁氮高效品种产量分别高于6500 kg hm^-2和7000 kg hm^-2,均显著高于其他类型。与氮中效和氮低效品种相比,氮高效品种具有较高的穗数,穗粒数和千粒重品种类型间差异不显著。不同品种间产量和穗数与NUR均呈线性正相关。氮高效品种具有较高的孕穗期和开花期茎蘖数,分蘖成穗率,乳熟期叶面积指数,孕穗期、开花期和成熟期干物质积累量,花后干物质积累量和成熟期各营养器官干物质积累量。不同氮效率品种类型间花前干物质转运量和收获指数差异不显著。相关性分析表明,两地不同品种类型间孕穗期和开花期茎蘖数、乳熟期LAI、主要生育时期干物质积累量、花后和...