大理地区栽培羊肚菌菌株适应性试验

探讨大理地区不同宏观和微观环境条件下,LMD、LME、LMF、TL16四个羊肚菌菌株的适应性。采用分组对比试验方法,观察不同羊肚菌菌株在红壤、黄壤、腐殖土和稻田土小环境,大棚、林下(核桃)、大田(水稻梯田)大环境的适应性。结果表明:LMD、LME、LMF、TL16四个菌株在腐殖土中产量最高,单株鲜品质量依次为林下>大棚>大田;供试的6个菌株菌盖∶菌柄长依次为LMD=LME>CL5>LMF>CL1>TL16,其中LME和LMF产量最高、适应性强,可作为优良菌株在大理州推广。     

离子束选育姬松茸菌株低温保存试验

采用离子束注入选育的姬松茸诱变菌株与出发菌株为试验材料，将试管斜面置于4℃保存1个、2个、3个、5个、7个月后，分别转管培养，观察不同菌株姬松茸菌丝的萌发时间、成活率、菌丝长速、长势等。实验结果表明AbML11菌株在萌发快、成活率高、菌丝长速、长势也优于出发菌株和其它菌株；AbML11菌株活力旺盛、适应性较强。     

西瓜抗根结线虫相关基因的克隆与表达分析

【目的】筛选西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)抗根结线虫相关基因,克隆其全长CDS序列,检测根结线虫接种后其在抗病材料和感病材料中的表达特征,分析其与西瓜根结线虫抗性的关系。【方法】以抗根结线虫的野生西瓜‘09005’和易感根结线虫的栽培西瓜‘ZDPI0006’为试材,用已知的植物抗线虫基因在葫芦科基因组数据库中比对,从结果中筛选到西瓜的相关基因Cla006580,与甜菜抗孢囊线虫基因Hs1~(pro-1)同源性达到65%,命名为Cla Hs1~(pro-1)。克隆Cla Hs1~(pro-1)基因的CDS区序列并进行生物信息预测分析,在根结线虫接种处理和CK处理72 h内利用q RT-PCR技术检测不同抗性的西瓜根系中Cla Hs1~(pro-1)的表达特征。【结果】从野生抗病西瓜‘09005’和栽培易感西瓜‘ZDPI0006’中均克隆得到Cla Hs1~(pro-1)基因,CDS区序列全长1 434 bp,编码478个氨基酸,含有Hs1pro-1_N和Hs1pro-1_C两个蛋白保守结构域,抗、感材料之间存在4个SNP位点。RT-PCR分析显示‘09005’在接种根结线虫后Cla Hs1~(pro-1)表达趋势呈先抑后扬,而在CK中呈先扬后抑,二者相反;‘ZDPI0006’在接种根结线虫后Cla Hs1~(pro-1)表达趋势呈先上扬后抑制再上扬,与CK中表达趋势一致。【结论】西瓜Cla Hs1~(pro-1)基因在抗病材料中表达特征与根结线虫接种密切相关,而在感病材料中与根结线虫接种无明显相关性,是西瓜抗根结线虫可能的候选基因。     

不同倍性西瓜果实维生素C含量比较研究

以10个西瓜品种的二倍体及其人工诱导的同源四倍体、三倍体为材料,研究不同倍性西瓜成熟果实Vc含量的差异及果实发育过程中Vc含量的变化。结果表明,不同倍性西瓜中Vc含量差异较大,9个品种三倍体或四倍体的Vc含量高于二倍体(P<0.05);不同倍性西瓜果实中Vc含量变化规律基本相同,幼果期较高、果实膨大期较低、成熟期较高,且呈近似"V"型变化曲线。其峰值的出现顺序为2X、3X、4X,倍性越高,其峰值出现越晚。不同染色体倍性西瓜果实Vc含量较高的时期均为成熟期。     

平菇菌株在不同基质上的适应性试验

以油菜秸、玉米芯、豆秸为原料,与棉子壳组成不同的新型栽培培养基配方,进行11个菌株的平菇适应性栽培试验,结果表明:各菌株在新型培养基质上发菌速度、生物转化率高于纯棉子壳培养基质;油菜秸培养基质各菌株在发菌速度、生物转化率方面优于其他培养基质;配方①、②比较适合各菌株栽培;在供试基质上表现较好的菌株为豫平5号、泰平19、双抗黑平、中蔬10号。     

四种盐对黑木耳菌株生长及黑色素产量的影响

研究浓度为0.5 g/L的4种盐Zn(CH_3COO)_2、CuSO_4、FeSO_4、CaCl_2对5个黑木耳(Auricularia auricula-judae)菌株菌丝生长速度、生物量、酪氨酸酶活力、黑色素产量的影响。结果表明:Zn(CH_3COO)_2与CuSO_4抑制黑木耳菌株菌丝的生长;CaCl_2可增加发酵过程中5个菌株的生物量;4种盐均可增加黑木耳菌株青瑞、青灰小碗发酵过程中酪氨酸酶活力,Zn(CH_3COO)_2抑制菌株黑旺十三发酵过程中酪氨酸酶活力,CuSO_4与CaCl_2抑制菌株波密发酵过程中酪氨酸酶活力;Zn(CH_3COO)_2与CaCl_2可增加5个黑木耳菌株的黑色素产量。     

南阳盆地羊肚菌菌株栽培试验

以河南南阳市西峡县、成都等地采集的6个野生羊肚菌菌株为材料,在沙壤地采用遮阳网加小拱棚的栽培模式,对各菌株生长适应性、产量及品质进行试验。结果表明:来源地不同的羊肚菌菌株,发菌初期菌丝萌发状态即有明显性差异:菌丝形态S1、S6稀疏,S2、S3、S4较密,S5密;不同菌株无性孢子形成量差异也很大,菌株间产量差异性也较明显。经比较分析以S2、S3、S4、S5菌株表现较为优异,为南阳盆地沙壤地栽培羊肚菌的适宜菌株。     

绣球菌的生物学特性研究

以福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所保藏的4个绣球菌菌株为材料,进行绣球菌生物学特性的试验研究。结果表明,4个菌株的菌丝生长最适温度为25℃;最适pH值为7.0,培养料的最适石灰添加量为3%;最适培养料含水量菌株A为75%,其他3个菌株为65%。4个菌株中,以菌株C的菌丝生长势较好。     

六盘水冷凉山区8个羊肚菌菌株栽培试验

以六妹羊肚菌M.sextelata、梯棱羊肚菌M.importuna 2个物种共8个菌株为材料,分析其主要农艺性状和产量表现,评价8个菌株在六盘水市栽培的适应性及产量稳定性。结果表明,8个菌株均能在六盘水地区正常生长且有一定的产量。但Lxy4-1菌株外观性状差,不宜推广,GZ-1、HB-1菌株产量较高,且外观性状好,具有一定的推广价值。     

设施栽培秀珍菇菌株比较试验

对14个不同来源的秀珍菇菌株进行了菌丝生长速度及栽培产量比较试验。结果表明:以秀珍菇2号菌株一级种菌丝生长速度最快,平均为11.31 mm/d;夏丰一号菌株二级种菌丝生长速度最快,平均为5.72 mm/d;夏丰一号菌株栽培产量较高,平均生物学效率为96.8%。综合得出,夏丰一号菌株适应性强、菇形好、产量高,适宜在设施栽培中推广应用。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.