电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定土壤中多种元素含量的研究

采用微波消解土壤样品,建立了利用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术同时测定土壤中铍(Be)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)、钴(Co)、钡(Ba)、钼(Mo)、钒(V)、钍(Th)、铀(U)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)、锶(Sr)、钪(Sc)、镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu)、钇(Y)36种元素的分析方法。方法检出限为0.002 9～0.87μg/L,相对标准偏差为0.94%～6.02%,回收率为95.2%～106%。通过土壤标准物质(GBW07427)及回收率试验的验证,该方法具有准确、快速、灵敏度高等特点,适合于土壤中36种元素的同时测定。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定猪粪中铁铜锰锌钙等8种元素含量

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定猪粪中铁、铜、锰、锌、钙、铝、硅、硒等8种元素的检测方法。该方法采用等比例的盐酸和硝酸,对猪粪样品进行微波消解,消解液经稀释后用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定,在线内标法定量。结果表明,测定的8种元素线性良好,低、中、高3个浓度的加标回收率为72.0%～110.1%,相对标准偏差为1.8%～8.7%。该方法灵敏度高,定量准确,可用于猪粪中铁、铜、锰、锌、钙等多元素的定量检测。     

微波消解- 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定肥料中9 种污染元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定,超级微波消解并优化不同类型肥料的消解条件,建立了超级微波-ICP-MS测定多种类型肥料中V、Cr、Co、Ni、As、Cd、Hg、Tl、Pb 9种污染元素含量的方法。本方法的线性相关系数均大于0.9999,方法检出限范围为0.000500～0.0293 mg/kg,各元素加标回收率为85.0%～110%,该方法灵敏度高、准确度较好,可实现不同类型肥料样品中多元素的准确测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定肥料中稀土元素

为将电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)这一先进技术引入肥料稀土元素的测试中,建立了相应的仪器测试条件,并比较了4种酸体系对样品消解的影响.结果表明,利用ICP-MS测定稀土元素时,以铑(Rh)、锗(Ge)、铟(In)作为内标进行校正,可有效降低干扰,弥补基体抑制效应和灵敏度漂移,该法线性范围宽、检出限低、精密度好....     

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪He碰撞反应模式测定土壤有效钼

土壤有效钼含量测定对评价土壤钼对作物的有效性和土壤钼供应水平具有重要意义。目前常用极谱法和石墨炉原子光谱法测定土壤有效钼,但因操作复杂,多有不足和不便。采用草酸-草酸铵溶液浸提土壤有效钼,不经分离与富集,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪He碰撞模式测定浸提液中钼(95Mo),以103Rh为内标元素。结果表明:方法检出限为1.02μg/L;2个国家土壤标准物质(GBW07413a黄潮土和GBW07416a红壤)有效钼的测定值与标准确认值一致;加标回收率在95.1%~152%之间;对5个土壤样品分别重复测定6次,相对标准偏差小于8%。结论认为电感耦合等离子体质谱仪He碰撞模式可以用于测定草酸-草酸铵浸提的土壤有效钼,该方法测定结果准确,重现性好,快速方便。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定绿叶蔬菜重金属的方法比较

比较了电感耦合等离子体质谱(Inductively coupled plasma mass,ICP-MS)/电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry,ICP-OES)两种方法的检测限、精密度和准确度,并对绿叶蔬菜(芹菜)中Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的含量分别进行了测定。主要结果如下:1)ICP-MS具有更高的灵敏度,测定的5种元素的检测限在0~0.29μg kg-1;ICP-OES测定的检测限在0~0.059 mg kg-1。两种方法的精密度均较高,ICP-MS测定的相对标准偏差RSD(%)在1.98%~4.87%、ICP-OES的RSD(%)在2.19%~4.79%。两种方法测定标准土壤的回收率在75%以上、测定芹菜Cr、Cu、Zn和Cd的加标回收率都在90%以上。然而,ICP-MS未检测出Pb,ICP-OES测定Pb的加标回收率为60%~80%。2)T检验分析的结果表明,ICP-MS测定芹菜Cr、Cu和Zn的值显著高于ICP-OES(P<0.05),但是Cd的值显著低于ICP-OES(P<0.05)。3)ICP-MS、ICP-OES都是以等离子体为发射源的光谱分析技术,但是由于两者在工作原理、测定条件等方面不尽相同而给测定结果带来偏差。研究可以为两种方法测定绿叶蔬菜的重金属提供一定技术指导、为食品安全的监督和管理提供一定依据。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中的总碘

采用碱液热浸提法处理土壤样品,通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定土壤中碘元素的总量。对前处理的3大参数——碱度、温度和时间进行试验摸索,得出适用于土壤的最佳浸提条件。测定结果显示,该方法的线性范围为0~500μg/L,线性相关系数0.999 8,方法检出限0.12μg/g,加标回收率为91.0%~104%,RSD均小于5%。综上,该法是一种能够快速、灵敏、准确地测定土壤样品中碘元素的先进方法。     

超声浸提结合电感耦合等离子体质谱同时测定青稞中7种矿质元素

建立了超声浸提结合电感耦合等离子体质谱（Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS）同时测定青稞中7种矿质元素的方法。样品经浓硝酸-浓盐酸（2∶1, V/V）超声提取15 min,离心取1 m L上清液过膜后用超纯水定容至50 m L,以72Ge为内标元素使用ICP-MS测定钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）、锰（Mn）、铜（Cu）、钾（K） 7种矿质元素的含量。结果表明,7种矿质元素在线性范围内关系良好,相关系数均在0.999 2以上,加标回收率为84.2%～115.6%,相对标准偏差为2.76%～6.22%, Ca元素的检出限为140μg/kg,其余矿质元素的检出限为0.01～3.21μg/kg。通过对不同产区和不同品种的8个青稞样品进行分析,发现青稞中含有丰富的K、 Ca、 Mg、 Fe元素,其中K元素含量最高,为4 077～5 717 mg/kg,其次为Mg、 Ca、 Fe元素,含量分别为881～1 641、 321～1 374、 60.9～393 mg/kg。该方法简单快速、污染小、灵敏度高,适用于青稞...     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水稻中的5种砷形态

为对水稻中各种形态As进行全面分析,本文建立了同时测定水稻植株及稻米中亚砷酸根、砷酸根、一甲基胂酸、二甲基胂酸和阿散酸共5种砷形态的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱分析方法。样品经甲醇水提取,采用阴离子分析柱Hamilton PRP-X100 (25 mm×4.1 mm, 10μm i.d.), 20 mmol/L磷酸氢二铵溶液和5%甲醇作为流动相进行等度洗脱,高效液相色谱分离,电感耦合等离子体质谱进行定性和定量分析。在0~12.5 mg/L范围内各砷形态线性良好,相关系数R2均在0.999 5以上, 5种砷形态的检出限为0.15~0.36μg/L,定量限为0.50~1.20μg/L。两个添加水平进行了方法验证,平均回收率为84.8%~105.6%,相对标准偏差为0.7%~4.2%。结果表明,该方法回收率高、稳定、可靠,适用于水稻组织中砷形态的分析检测。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测量土壤中有效锌含量的不确定度评估

对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定土壤有效锌含量的不确定度进行评定,分析了整个检测过程产生不确定度的来源,对称样量、浸提液体积、标准系列溶液配制、线性标准曲线拟合、测量重复性等产生的不确定度分量进行计算,量化给出扩展不确定度。待测土壤中有效锌含量最终结果表示:w(Zn)=(1.12±0.10)mg/kg,包含因子k=2,置信概率为95%。测量过程中,标准溶液制备所产生的不确定度最大。因此,在ICP-OES法测定土壤样品有效锌时应足够重视标准溶液制备与曲线拟合过程,以减小测量不确定度。本文研究结果为控制ICP-OES法测定土壤有效锌数据质量提供了理论依据。     

电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定土壤中的全硫

硫元素在植物中属于重要的中量元素,是继氮、磷、钾后第4位主要营养成分,是所有植物生长发育不可缺少的元素之一。硫在植物生长发育及代谢过程中具有重要的生理功能。土壤中全硫能够反映出土壤硫的生态和环境效应,因此,对土壤中全硫的测定显得至关重要。以硝酸-双氧水为消解体系,对土壤样品进行消解,将土壤中不同形态的硫转化为可溶性无机硫,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定土壤中全硫含量。称取0.25 g土壤样品,加入10 mL硝酸、5 mL双氧水,在150℃电热板上消解样品,剩余体积为2 mL左右时取下,样品冷却至室温后定容至25 mL,用电感耦合等离子体光谱仪测定硫含量。实验结果表明,分析谱线为182.037 nm时具有灵敏度好、干扰少的优点,以硫含量为横坐标,强度为纵坐标建立线性回归曲线,其线性回归曲线为Y=0.001195C+0.037420,线性相关系数R2为0.9999。在优化的条件下,方法的检出限和定量限分别为7和23 mg/kg。为了验证方法精密度,选择不同含量级别的国家标准物质平行测定6次,结果显示,相对标准偏差为2.2%～6.8%;绝对偏差为2～171 mg/kg,     

超声波提取 -电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定土壤中游离铁

建立了超声波提取-电感耦合等离子发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定土壤中游离铁含量。在传统方法的基础上,用超声波替换了水浴搅拌提取方式,降低了人工,提高了效率;力求提取方法的准确可靠,用超声波提取方式对提取温度和提取时间进行了探索,选出了提取温度为（80±5）℃,提取时间15 min的最佳提取条件;引入具有准确度高、快捷简便特点,并基于超声波提取的ICP-OES法使土壤游离铁的测定方法有了更多选择。该方法准确度加标回收率为97%～103%,相对标准偏差（n=6）为1.43%和0.79%,表明该方法对各类型土壤批量测定游离铁具有普遍适用性和可靠性。     

Fractionation of metal complexes with dissolved organic matter in a rhizosphere soil solution of a humus-rich Andosol using size exclusion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

To better understand the behavior of metals in soil–plant systems, their physicochemical forms in rhizosphere soil should be elucidated. The dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a soil solution influences the mobility and bioavailability of metals in soil. The present study examined the effects of plant growth on DOM–metal complexes in a rhizosphere soil solution using size exclusion chromatography combined with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer system (SEC–ICP-MS) and an ultrafiltration technique. Humus-rich volcanic ash soil from the surface of an agricultural field was used in a pot cultivation experiment. Brassica rapa nothovar. was cultivated in a pot in which rhizosphere soil (R) was separated by a nylon net screen from non-rhizosphere soil (NR). Soil solutions were collected using a high-speed centrifugation method 3 weeks after sowing and analyzed using SEC–ICP-MS. Some peaks of DOM with a high molecular size were detected in the ultraviolet-absorbing chromatograph (280 nm) of the soil solution samples. Their concentrations were much higher in the R solution than in the NR solution. Metals including Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Y, La and U were detected at the ultraviolet peak positions of the DOM. The ultrafiltration experiment showed that the size distributions of the organic materials to which the metals were combined differed between the R and NR soil solutions. These results suggest that plant growth enhanced the dissolution of metals adsorbed with organic matter from the solid phase in rhizosphere soil.     

Underestimation of chromium and zirconium in soils by hydrofluoric acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

The concentrations of chromium (Cr) and zirconium (Zr) in 503 soil samples collected from 78 site in Japan were determined by using two utterly different methods. The first was the relatively widely used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) combined with digestion with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and perchloric acid (HClO₄). The second was a non-destructive polarizing energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method (EDXRF) using pressed powder pellets. The Cr concentrations obtained by EDXRF were higher than those obtained by ICP-MS in ~75% of the samples. The EDXRF/ICP-MS ratios ranged from 0.48 to 9.65, and the geometric mean was 1.23. A typical example having big a difference in Cr content between the two methods was found in seven samples taken from a podzolic soil developed on sand dunes in northern Hokkaido. This sampling site is around 20 km from the northern edge of a serpentinite area that extends from north to south, forming the backbone mountain range of Hokkaido. The Cr concentrations obtained by ICP-MS for the seven samples were 27.9–52.2 mg kg^?1, similar to the average for all the samples, whereas those obtained by EDXRF were 101–460 mg kg^?1, falling within the range between the third quartile and the maximum for all the samples. It would be difficult to predict these results from the analytical data of other elements because the samples were high in silica (SiO₂) and low in magnesia (MgO), and did not show any characteristics typical of soils derived from serpentinite. X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) showed that Zr occurred as zircon (ZrSiO₄) in soils. The differences between the two methods were greater for Zr than for Cr. Zirconium concentrations obtained by EDXRF were higher than those by ICP-MS for all samples except three. The difference between the two methods was more pronounced in soils derived from granite that is widespread in western Japan. The EDXRF/ICP-MS ratios for seven soil samples from different horizons at a single sampling site ranged from 4.82 to 6.94 and were generally higher at the A horizon (Apg and Ag) and decreased with depth. Our results indicate that there is a high possibility of underestimation of Cr and Zr contents in soils for a considerable number of samples if determined with ICP-MS, and it could also overlook some important chemical characteristics of soils.     

恒温摇床提取-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定土壤中有效硫

采用恒温摇床进行土壤有效硫前处理,通过电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪进行测试,建立起一种全新的土壤有效硫检测方法.结果表明,该方法对土壤有效硫的测定准确性好,土壤标准物质的测定结果均在保证值范围内;该方法对土壤中有效硫的检出限为0.5 mg/kg;土壤标准有证样品相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.47％～4.59％;通过不同地区耕...     

Comparison of Open Digestion Methods for the Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Plant Samples by ICP-MS

An analytical procedure for the reliable determination of rare earth elements (REEs) in plant samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed. The influence of the main matrix elements was investigated first. It was established that moderate amounts (0.1–1.0%) of dissolved solids decreased the REEs signals significantly. Internal standardization with indium proved to be useful for obtaining correct results. Various digestion procedures were next applied to converting various solid plant samples to aqueous solution, namely dry-ashing, dry-ashing including a hydrofluoric acid (HF) step, and wet digestion using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and nitric acid (HNO₃). Obtained results showed that the simple dry-ashing procedure was sufficient for plants. A certified reference material (BCR-670, aquatic plant) was used to validate the accuracy of the method. Relative standard deviations varied from 1% (holmium, gadolinium) to 4% (europium). Detection limits between 13 (lanthanum) and 0.02 ng L^?1 (lutetium) were achieved.     

Influence of winemaking practices on the concentration of rare earth elements in white wines studied by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Influence of clarification, filtration, and storage on the concentration of rare earth elements (REEs) was studied in white wines by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Smooth and parallel chondrite-normalized (CN) plots were obtained for wines which have never been in contact with fining agents. Clarification and filtration generally used in white wine production were simulated in the laboratory using nontreated reference wines, and CN plots were compared before and after treatments. Clarification by bentonites yields an overall increase in REE concentrations resulting in substantially parallel CN curves well above the plots of the corresponding nontreated wines. Filtration using silicate (SiO2), on the other hand, changes the CN profile in a nonparallel manner due to a higher release of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Gd, more than other elements studied. Filtration with cellulose powder causes a small increase in the concentration of light REEs, while the concentrations of other elements remain basically unchanged. Storage conditions could also affect the REE pattern of wine. We found that the influence of glass is greater than that of stainless steel and wood. In addition, we report that commercially available finished white wines from the same region show highly different REE patterns depending on the winemaking practices employed.     

碘化钾-甲基异丁基甲酮萃取电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定复合肥料中铊含量

建立了测定复合肥料中痕量铊的萃取电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法。该方法以王水消解样品,通过碘化钾-甲基异丁基甲酮(KI-MIBK)萃取富集铊元素,采用水平观测方式,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法进行测定。在 0～ 1.0 mg/L范围内,铊的质量浓度与积分面积线性关系良好( R2=0.9999),相对标准偏差为 2.32%(n=7),方法检出限为 0.014mg/kg,加标回收率在 90.6%～ 101%之间。