石羊河流域北部平原区生态功能区划研究

尝试根据石羊河流域北部平原区的不同地质地貌、气候、农业、生物土壤及人类经济活动等特征及流域承担的生态功能状况,按照主导性和综合性原则,在生态环境主导因素区划的基础上,利用ArcGIS的多层面叠加功能,将石羊河流域北部平原区划分为2个生态功能区及6个亚区.该区划将为进行生态安全评价及生态需水计算提供基础数据和理论的支撑.     

试述生态水文学的研究进展及发展趋势

当前人类社会的可持续发展面临着淡水资源短缺、水质恶化和生物多样性锐减等重大环境问题,为克服这些危机,产生了新兴的生态学与水文学交叉学科生态水文学,研究在不同时空尺度条件下水文过程与生物动力过程的耦合机制与发展规律。分析了生态水文学的研究背景、研究历程、研究内容、生态水文模型以及学科今后的发展趋势,以期实现生态水文学对日益恶化的生态环境的影响和作用,并实现对水资源的可持续利用。     

石羊河流域北部平原区生态功能区

尝试根据石羊河流域北部平原区的不同地质地貌、气候、农业、生物土壤及人类经济活动等特征及流域承担的生态功能状况，按照主导性和综合性原则，在生态环境主导因素区划的基础上，利用ArcGIS 的多层面迭加功能，将石羊河流域北部平原区划分为2个生态功能区及6个亚区。该区划将为进行生态安全评价及生态需水计算提供基础数据和理论的支撑。     

稻田生态系统服务价值评价--以湖南省为例

稻田生态系统对整个农业生态系统的组成具有极大的实际意义,为各类生物提供生长条件的同时,也为人类的生存与发展提供了重要的产品与服务.以湖南省稻田为研究区,采用造林成本法、工业制氧法以及当量因子法的等方法对稻田生态系统八项功能进行测算。结果表明,2016年湖南省稻田生态系统服务价值为2.47万元/hm^2,其中为稻田生态系统正面服务4.36万元/hm^2,其负面生态价值为1.83万元/hm^2,正面生态价值是其负面生态价值的2.4倍。因此评价稻田生态系统的生态服务价值对整个农业生态系统及区域环境研究具有重要的意义。     

农业机械化助力乡村振兴

农业机械化在中国现代农业建设中发挥了关键作用,不仅有效推动了农业的发展,还为国家乡村振兴战略的实施提供了更加高效的手段。本文旨在研究农业机械化在中国现代农业建设中的地位和作用,为实现乡村振兴提供建议和对策。首先,本文从农机设备的种类和使用情况以及农机装备智能化程度等方面介绍了我国农业机械化的现状。其次,分析了农业机械化对于我国乡村振兴的作用和影响,包括减轻农民的劳动负担,提高农民收入水平,促进农村经济的发展,促进农村科技进步,实现农业生产方式的升级和农业可持续发展。最后,本文提出了相关建议和对策,以利用农业机械化推动现代农业发展和实现乡村振兴,对于制定农业发展政策、提高农业生产效益和农民收入,以及促进乡村经济的快速发展具有重要的理论和实践价值。     

公共经济学视角下乡村生态产品价值实现研究

生态资源丰厚是乡村地区独特的优势之一。乡村地区生态产品价值实现的不足使得乡村丰厚的生态资源价值大打折扣。本研究在公共经济学视角下阐释了生态产品效益性、外部性、公平性等公共性基础,针对乡村地区生态产品价值实现中筹资困难、投入效果不理想、区域经济不协调等问题展开了讨论,并提出了提高乡村生态产品价值的相关建议。研究结果表明,通过厘清生态产品的公共性,明晰生态产品价值实现是将乡村生态资源优势转化为产业优势,将现有农业、产业与生态相结合,实现一般产品向生态产品转换,优化产品质量与品牌效应,提升产品市场竞争力,促进农户增收,促进乡村振兴的有效途径。     

极端干旱条件下河道生态基流间接价值计算

根据水生态系统提供的服务机制、类型和效用,水生态系统的服务功能可分为提供产品功能的直接使用价值和具有生命支持系统的间接使用价值两大类,河道生态基流的间接服务功能又包括水生态调节功能,水生态文化功能和水生态支持功能三类。生态基流保障的关键期为枯水期,极端干旱条件下生态基流同样蕴涵着不容忽视的价值,根据河道生态基流的各项服务功能及其影响因素,各项价值采用资源环境经济学的方法来进行估算。以渭河宝鸡段为例,以2015年为评价基准年份,对极端干旱年份下生态基流的间接价值进行了计算。结果表明,渭河宝鸡段2015年生态基流总价值为38 301.9万元/a,其中调节功能价值为25 581.6万元/a;支持功能价值为220.3万元/a;文化功能价值为12 500万元/a。开展本次研究,为缺水地区生态基流长效保障与生态补偿机制的建立等提供理论支撑与科学依据。     

“一带一路”背景下柳州乡村旅游营销策略研究

文章以区域乡村旅游业为研究对象,从乡村旅游营销组合策略视角探究广西壮族自治区柳州市乡村旅游市场营销策略的构建、开发、设计问题,最终形成以"一带一路"为研究背景、以柳州乡村旅游营销现状与存在问题为研究基础的柳州乡村旅游"8P"营销策略组合模型。在一定程度上补充、完善柳州乡村旅游研究领域的理论及实践,为柳州乡村旅游业各级及相关主管部门提供政策参考依据,为乡村旅游市场运营主体提供一定的实战指导。     

西南丘陵山区整村推进中农村道路生态化工程设计与实证

农村道路工程作为整村推进建设的重要网络骨架,合理的布局与设计既能提高农户出行、生产及动物栖息能力,又能提升村域整体景观美化功能,缺乏生态化考量的设计将阻碍村域空间物质、能量和生态的流动,分割村域景观空间,降低村域生态系统的自修复能力。针对西南丘陵山区特殊的地域环境,以整村推进示范村大柱村为研究区,兼顾农户生产、出行需求与生态化设计要求,构建"骨架-机能-表皮"人工机能体农村道路生态化设计理念,实现农村道路生态化设计,充分发挥道路作为生态廊道的作用,为提高农村道路生态化设计和改善乡村人居环境提供理论参考与实践借鉴。     

沈阳市河流生态建设项目实施建议

近年来,因干旱少雨等自然灾害影响及人类生产活动对环境的破坏,致使一些中小河流生态功能遭到不同程度的破坏。结合沈阳市近年来河流生态建设的实施情况,从工程措施和生物措施两方面详细介绍了针对不同河流状况的生态建设措施,对今后类似工程建设提供借鉴。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。