玉米种子实时检测分选装置设计与试验

针对我国玉米种子人工分选效率低、错分率高、缺少自动检测分选装置等问题,设计了一种玉米种子实时检测分选装置。该装置由进料单元、检测单元、分选单元和控制系统组成。下位机采用MSP430,与上位机实时通信,并控制分选执行机构,上位机采用Matlab 2014b软件对玉米种子图像进行实时处理,并输出识别结果。为了便于采集玉米种子图像,设计了种子分离机构。根据霉变玉米种子与正常玉米种子表面颜色的差异,设计了一种基于HSV颜色空间划分的玉米种子识别算法,并提出了一种玉米种子排序策略,实现了玉米种子的精确分选。该装置对单幅图像的采集和处理时间约为0.7 s,分选速率最高为680粒/min,霉变玉米种子识别准确率为100%,裝置总体分选准确率不低于94%。该装置实现了从玉米种子进料到分选的全自动化,能够对霉变玉米种子进行实时检测和分选。     

基于机器视觉的蒜头最大横切面直径分级方法

针对中国蒜头分选率和分选精度较低而影响其商品价值等现状,设计了一套基于机器视觉技术的大蒜蒜头分选系统,以蒜头最大横切面直径作为分级标准,利用VC6.0编程实现上述分级模型的算法。试验选择3 2 0个金乡蒜头样本对其进行测试,该装置对蒜头总体筛选精度达到9 0.9 3 7 5%。试验结果表明:利用机器视觉技术可以对大蒜蒜头进行分级。     

基于形心法的荞麦籽粒三轴尺寸亚像素测量方法研究

为给杂粮播种及收获机械,特别是排种器及凹板型孔等提供设计依据,以荞麦籽粒为研究对象,以亚像素形心定位技术为手段,在红色LED背光源下,采集包括标定物在内的荞麦籽粒群投影图像和侧视图像。经图像灰度化及二值化、图像去噪及边缘平滑、籽粒图像亚像素级形心定位及最小外接矩形绘制、图像标定等处理后,对荞麦籽粒的三轴尺寸在0.3像素级上进行精确测量。结果表明,该方法同时测量8粒荞麦籽粒平均耗时为14s,而利用游标卡尺对1粒籽粒进行人工测量,平均耗时约20s;籽粒长、宽、高三轴尺寸测量的平均相对误差分别为2.98%、2.64%和3.45%。为进一步验证该方法的准确性和适应性,继续测量燕麦、高粱、青稞、藜麦、薏米等5种杂粮籽粒的三轴尺寸,其长、宽、高的平均相对误差均在3%左右。研究结果一方面为荞麦等杂粮籽粒三轴尺寸提供一种高效、精准的测量技术,便于杂粮脱粒或清选等关键部件的设计,另一方面,也为类似小尺寸物体三轴尺寸的测量提供一种借鉴和参考。     

计算机视觉在脱水姜片在线分选中的应用

目前,脱水姜片的分选主要靠人工完成,分选精度不高,结果不稳定.为此,研究设计了一套基于计算机视觉的在线分选装置;开发了基于物料颜色参数的实时算法,对物料图像进行特征提取和一系列处理;运用双缓冲技术提高系统运行速度.试验结果表明,分选出的成品中含有的合格姜片达到95.5%,系统测量速度快、分选精度高且运行稳定,满足在线实时分选要求.     

基于多光谱成像技术的猪肉新鲜度无损快速检测装置

基于多光谱成像技术设计了猪肉新鲜度的关联复合品质参数无损伤快速检测装置,包括硬件与软件设计.硬件系统由单片机控制单元、光源单元、图像采集单元、数据处理单元和LCM液晶显示单元组成,软件系统在ICCAVR开发环境下设计,采用C语言编程,包含图像采集模块、滤光片切换模块、LCM显示模块、与PC机通信模块等.经过软件与硬件系统调试、实验,该装置检测速度为每10s检测一个样品,具备无损伤、快速检测的功能.     

猕猴桃外观尺寸在线检测分级系统设计与试验

目前市场上存在的猕猴桃分级机械主要是针对质量特征进行分级的大型机械,而消费者在购买猕猴桃时往往更注重它的外观品质,且大型设备难以在以农户小规模营销为主的市场环境下得到普及。为了实现猕猴桃外观品质的自动分选,适应广大猕猴桃种植农户的需求,设计了一种基于机器视觉的小型移动式猕猴桃外观尺寸在线检测与分级系统。该系统主要由输送机构、检测机构、分级执行机构和控制系统组成。输送机构采用倾斜式输送带方案,结构简单,便于实现猕猴桃的输送和分级;检测机构采用图像处理的方法得出猕猴桃的大小等级信息;分级执行机构借助猕猴桃的重力与旋转磁铁的开合实现猕猴桃的分离。对样机进行了试制和验证试验,结果表明:该系统的平均分级成功率为96.3%,单个猕猴桃分级时间约为2.5s。该猕猴桃检测分级系统的设计为今后完成多特征指标的融合分级提供了基础和依据。     

基于计算机视觉的玉米单倍体自动分选系统

研究了一种玉米单倍体籽粒分选方法,可自动分选具有Navajo标记的玉米单倍体籽粒。分选系统主要由种子输送单元、图像采集处理单元、分拣卸料单元及系统控制单元组成。图像采集处理单元根据玉米籽粒胚部及胚乳顶部的颜色特征进行单倍体籽粒判断,并将判断结果发送给系统控制单元。系统控制单元根据该结果协调种子输送单元及分拣卸料单元机械臂的运动,实现籽粒位置定位,同时开启与机械臂末端相应电磁阀,采用气吸方式分离杂合体籽粒,系统分拣速度可达     

CHJ新型对辊式猪鬃尺寸分选机设计

介绍一种新型对辊式猪鬃尺寸分选设备,该设备在传统猪鬃分选工艺的基础上研制,通过坠落、斜坡捋顺、夹持传送、对辊分选及收集的过程,完成错乱猪鬃的尺寸分选,设备结构紧凑,传动合理,大大提高了各种猪鬃加工企业及个体业户的猪鬃分选效率,性价比较高.     

柔性压力传感器阵列及其信号采集系统研究

为提高机器人人机交互的安全性,选用新型智能材料——电活性聚合物材料(Electroactive polymer,EAP)作为传感器阵列单元的敏感材料,设计一种4×4柔性压力传感器阵列及其信号采集系统。建立压力传感器输入输出数学模型,给出采用双三次插值法提高力觉信息量的方法,并制作了传感器试验样机,最后利用标定试验和应用试验验证了该传感器阵列的可行性、准确性和实用性。试验结果表明,设计的传感器电容理论值与测量值相差约0.01 pF,测量结果与理论结果吻合。在量程0～6 N内,最大灵敏度为0.134 3 pF/N,重复性指标为28.73%。     

可移动微型低速风洞的设计与试验

针对大型风洞造价昂贵,开机成本高且实验段风速稳定性较差,对低成本热敏风速传感器、集沙仪、皮托管等设备的测量、检验及标定等工作带来不便等问题,结合风洞设计原理,采用小体积多叶风机及高性能变频调速器,设计了一种能够快速准确地提供稳定风源的低成本可移动微型低速风洞,并通过增加大角度扩散段的方法提高收缩比。该风洞为圆形闭口低速风洞,总体尺寸长2.63m,入口直径60mm,实验段直径0.12m、长0.3m,稳定段直径为0.3 6 m、长0.3 6 m;采用铝箔厚0.0 6 mm的六边形蜂窝器和3层阻尼网对气流进行整流,获得相对稳定均匀的流场。实验表明:该风洞入口风速为0~38.6m/s,实验段风速0~17.6m/s,风速精度达0.2m/s;实验段内部气流均匀性和稳定性较好,中心截面处边界层厚2.26mm,沿气流方向静压梯度小,流场稳定部分占其截面积的70%以上,满足实验设计要求。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。