重组伪狂犬病病毒疫苗的研究进展

分子生物学技术的发展,使得疫苗研究正逐渐从传统的灭活和弱毒疫苗向基因工程疫苗过渡,特别是以病毒和细菌为活载体疫苗的研制,以期克服常规疫苗在免疫时出现的毒力返强和散毒、免疫效率较低、过敏反应、用量较大等弊端.     

非洲猪瘟病毒重组载体疫苗激发/加强免疫策略的初步研究

为了选择合理的非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）重组载体的激发/加强免疫策略,构建表达ASFV CD2v-p30-p54融合抗原的重组伪狂犬病毒rPRV-F1,将其与表达相同融合抗原的重组腺病毒rAd-F1分为rAd-F1/rAd-F1、rAd-F1/rPRV-F1、rPRV-F1/rPRV-F1、rPRV-F1/rAd-F1 4个组合进行猪免疫试验,分别于免疫后不同时间采血并分离血清进行ELISA抗体检测,分离的外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）经ASFV抗原刺激后进行IFN-γ检测。免疫荧光与免疫转印试验结果显示,构建的rPRV-F1能在感染细胞中正确表达F1融合蛋白。所有免疫猪均能检测到抗原特异性抗体,加强免疫后的抗体水平显著升高。在测试的4个免疫方案中,尽管rAd-F1/rAd-F1组合初次免疫后的抗原特异性抗体水平和IFN-γ表达水平最高,但加强免疫后的抗体水平和IFN-γ表达水平最低。与此相反,尽管rPRV-F1/rAd-F1组合初次免疫后的抗体水平和IFN-γ表达水平最低,但加强免疫后的抗体水平和IFN-γ表达水平最高。这些研究结果表明rPRV/rAd是较好的ASFV重组载体疫苗的激发/加强免疫策略。     

应用伪狂犬病毒表达载体研制重组疫苗的研究进展

随着分子生物学技术的发展,尤其是DNA重组技术的发展和应用使得疫苗方面的研究正逐渐从传统的灭活和弱毒疫苗向基因工程疫苗过渡,特别是以病毒和细菌为活载体疫苗的研制,以期克服常规疫苗在免疫时出现的毒力返强和散毒、免疫效率较低、过敏反应、用量较大等弊端。随着人们对伪狂犬病病毒分子生物学的深入研究,伪狂犬病毒特殊的基因组结构、宿主的广泛性和生物安全性作为重组病毒载体疫苗株越来越引起人们的关注,以伪狂犬病毒为载体研制基因工程疫苗的研究在国内外已取得了可喜的进展,现就国内外研究概况作一综述。1伪狂犬病毒的分子生物学…     

禽疱疹病毒活载体疫苗研究进展

禽疱疹病毒主要包括α疱疹病毒亚科的鸡马立克氏病毒( Mareks disease virus, MDV)、传染性喉气管炎病毒( infectious laryngotracheitis virus, IBDV )和鸭肠炎病毒( duck enteritis virus, DEV )。作为疱疹病毒家族的成员,禽疱疹病毒基因组庞大,存在多个复制非必需区,可容纳多个外源基因的插入,是表达其他禽类病原抗原基因的理想载体。总结了禽疱疹病毒的构建方法、外源基因表达水平,并对MDV、IBDV和DEV 三种禽疱疹病毒的不同重组病毒疫苗免疫效果评价进行归纳,旨在为畜禽传染病防治提供参考依据。     

Ⅰ型牛疱疹病毒活载体疫苗的构建及研究进展

I型牛疱疹病毒(BHV-1)可引起牛的呼吸道疾病、生殖道损害、流产甚至致死性系统感染,给养牛业造成了严重的经济损失,疫苗接种是防治本病的主要措施。文章介绍了其活载体疫苗的构建原理、研究进展及应用前景方面内容。     

基因工程疫苗和动物克隆技术取得突破

我国在国际上第一个研制成功抗H5N1禽流感病毒的基因工程灭活疫苗和H5亚型禽流感重组禽痘病毒载体疫苗，自2005年批准生产以来，已在全国应用8.2亿只份。     

猪伪狂犬病毒载体的研究进展

随着生物技术的发展以及对伪狂犬病毒研究的不断深入,PRV载体研究成为病毒载体研究领域的一大热点.通过基因工程技术使PRV中的毒力基因失活,使病毒的毒力减弱,但病毒粒子仍然保持良好的抗原性,能够有效地刺激机体产生免疫应答.重组病毒粒子同插入的外源基因一起在动物体内表达不仅十分安全,还可以做到一针多防,提高生产效率.PRV载体在基因表达、载体疫苗研制、基因投递和基因治疗等方面都显示了很好的优越性.就伪狂犬病毒载体研究进展作一综述.     

How viruses enter animal cells

Viruses replicate within living cells and use the cellular machinery for the synthesis of their genome and other components. To gain access, they have evolved a variety of elegant mechanisms to deliver their genes and accessory proteins into the host cell. Many animal viruses take advantage of endocytic pathways and rely on the cell to guide them through a complex entry and uncoating program. In the dialogue between the cell and the intruder, the cell provides critical cues that allow the virus to undergo molecular transformations that lead to successful internalization, intra-cellular transport, and uncoating.     

Attenuated vaccines can recombine to form virulent field viruses

Recombination between herpesviruses has been seen in vitro and in vivo under experimental conditions. This has raised safety concerns about using attenuated herpesvirus vaccines in human and veterinary medicine and adds to other known concerns associated with their use, including reversion to virulence and disease arising from recurrent reactivation of lifelong chronic infection. We used high-throughput sequencing to investigate relationships between emergent field strains and vaccine strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV, gallid herpesvirus 1). We show that independent recombination events between distinct attenuated vaccine strains resulted in virulent recombinant viruses that became the dominant strains responsible for widespread disease in Australian commercial poultry flocks. These findings highlight the risks of using multiple different attenuated herpesvirus vaccines, or vectors, in the same populations.     

Alphaherpesvirus-vectored vaccines against animal diseases: Current progress

Recombinant virus-vectored vaccines are novel agents that can effectively activate specific and nonspecific immunity, are multivalent and multieffective, and have high safety ratings. Animal alphaherpesviruses have a large genome, contain multiple nonessential regions that do not affect viral replication and are capable of accepting the insertion of an exogenous gene and expressing the antigen protein. Furthermore, animal alphaherpesviruses have a wide host spectrum, can replicate in the host and continuously stimulate the animal to produce immunity to the corresponding pathogen, thus making them ideal carriers for recombinant virus-vectored vaccines. With the development of gene-editing technology, recombinant viruses capable of expressing foreign genes can be constructed by various methods. Currently, studies on recombinant virusvectored vaccines constructed based on animal alphaherpesviruses have involved poultry, pigs, cattle, sheep, and companion animals. Studies have shown that the construction of recombinant animal alphaherpesviruses enables the acquisition of immunity to multiple diseases. This article mainly summarizes the current progress on animal alphaherpesvirus-vectored vaccines, aiming to provide reference for the development of new animal alphaherpesvirus-vectored vaccines.     

动物戊型肝炎研究进展

戊型肝炎(Hepatitis E,HE)是由戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)引发的一种急性病毒性肝炎,其宿主广,可感染多种动物,但临床症状不明显.文章通过对其病毒形态学、分子生物学、感染宿主、流行状况、诊断、疫苗研制等研究进展进行概述,并结合广西HE的流行特点及其毒株基因型,提出今后应加强广西HE分子流行病学、病原学、病原生态学、疾病传播及感染致病的分子机制、快速特异诊断技术和防控技术等研究.     

动物RNA病毒感染性cDNA的研究进展

1动物RNA病毒感染性cDNA的构建 RNA病毒由于其独特的生物学特性,多年来,吸引了越来越多的科学工作者对RNA病毒的感染性cDNA产生了浓厚的兴趣,也取得了丰硕的成果。反向遗传学技术的核心是首先构建RNA病毒的全长cDNA分子,并使之受控于RNA聚合酶启动子,通过体外转录过程再次得到病毒RNA,     

动物戊型肝炎研究进展

戊型肝炎（Hepatitis E,HE）是由戊型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis E virus,HEV）引发的一种急性病毒性肝炎,其宿主广,可感染多种动物,但临床症状不明显。文章通过对其病毒形态学、分子生物学、感染宿主、流行状况、诊断、疫苗研制等研究进展进行概述,并结合广西HE的流行特点及其毒株基因型,提出今后应加强广西HE分子流行病学、病原学、病原生态学、疾病传播及感染致病的分子机制、快速特异诊断技术和防控技术等研究。     

Simple method for measuring heart vector of isolated animal hearts

The spatial dipole moment of a perfused animal heart suspended at the center of a fluid-filled sphere can be found in magnitude and direction to a good approximation by three sets of bipolar measurements. The method has been applied in finding the vectorcardiograms of turtle and rabbit hearts.     

甘薯病毒病原学研究进展

综述了近30a来国内外关于甘薯羽状斑驳病毒、甘薯潜隐病毒、甘薯脉花叶病毒、甘薯轻斑驳病毒、甘薯黄矮病毒、甘薯凹脉病毒，甘薯裉绿缩病毒、甘薯叶斑病毒、甘薯裉绿斑病毒、甘薯类花椰菜叶病毒等13种甘薯病毒病原在侵染症状、粒体形态、传播、理化性状等方面的研究发展。