宁夏引黄灌区盐化土壤盐分特征与相关性分析

选取宁夏典型盐化土壤,研究了土壤盐分、pH和碱化度的垂直分布特征,并对土壤含盐量及各离子组成之间的相关性进行了统计分析.结果表明,研究区主要的盐分离子有SO42-、Cl-、Na+、Ca2+,0～ 40 cm土层试区土壤类型属氯化物-硫酸盐类型;40～100 cm土层,属硫酸盐-氯化物类型.相关性分析表明:0～40 cm土层土壤含盐量与SO42-含量相关性最大,其次是Mg2,40 ～ 100 cm土层土壤含盐量与Cl-和Na+的相关性最大,其次是SO42-,各土层Cl-与Na+均呈相关系数大于0.97的极显著正相关,SO42-在0～40 cm土层与Ca2+的相关性最大,40～ 60 cm土层与Cl-的相关性最大,60 ～ 100 cm土层与Na+的相关性最大.主成分分析结果表明:SO42-、Mg2+、Cl-、Na+、Ca2可作为试验区土壤盐化状况的特征因子.     

不同能源作物对土壤剖面盐分离子迁移的影响

为了筛选耐盐能源作物、挖掘利用盐渍土资源、促进农业可持续发展。以甘肃白银市东大沟盐渍化土壤作为研究对象,在大田试验条件采用对比研究的方法探讨种植四翅滨藜(Atriplex canescens)、油菜籽(Brassica napus)、甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)、荻(Triarrherca sacchariflora)、柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum)5种不同能源作物对土壤剖面盐分及其离子(HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+)迁移的影响。结果表明:在盐渍化土壤,种植柳枝稷、四翅滨藜能明显减少土壤剖面0—100cm土层盐分、Cl-、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+的含量,脱盐的同时会导致HCO3-在土壤剖面0—100cm土层累积。种植油菜可以抑制0—50cm土层盐分的累积。种植荻可以抑制50—100cm土层盐分、0—100cm土层HCO3-、60—100cm土层SO42-的累积。种植柳枝稷可明显减少土壤剖面0—100cm土层K+的含量。研究发现四翅滨藜、柳枝稷两处理的电导率均与其他处理之间达显著水平(P0.05),荻与其他处理之间水溶性Na+含量均达显著水平(P0.05),柳枝稷与其他处理之间HCO3-含量均达极显著水平(P0.01)。     

基于光谱变换的宁夏银北地区可溶性阴离子反演

可溶性阴离子是土壤盐分的重要组成部分,对植物生长发育有重要影响。为探讨野外实测光谱对土壤可溶性阴离子的反演精度,以宁夏银北平罗县盐渍化土壤为研究对象,对野外实测光谱选用6种常规变换[平滑R、平滑倒数1/R、平滑对数lg(R)、平滑倒数的对数lg(1/R)、平滑一阶微分R′、平滑二阶微分R″]预处理,然后分别利用相关性分析和逐步回归法筛选离子敏感特征波段,最后采用主成分回归(PCR)、偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)和支持向量机(SVM)建立土壤各阴离子反演模型。结果表明:1)研究区土壤中Cl-和SO42-含量较高,CO32-含量最低,属于氯化物-硫酸盐盐渍土。2)原始反射率经R″变换后与土壤阴离子的相关性最强,与CO32-、HCO3-、Cl-和SO42-相关系数分别达到0.572、0.741、0.802和0.545。3)与相关性分析相比,逐步回归(SR)更好地解决了光谱间共线性的问题,反演精度更高。4)与PCR、PLSR相比,SVM所建可溶性阴离子反演模型效果最佳。土壤CO32-、Cl-、SO42-反演效果最佳的模型均为R″-SR-SVM,其中对CO32-的反演模型建模决定系数(Rc2)为0.984、验证决定系数(Rp2)为0.560、相对分析误差(RPD)为6.76;SO42-的反演模型Rc2为0.970、Rp2为0.841、RPD为5.59;Cl-的反演模型Rc2为0.925、Rp2为0.940、RPD为3.62;HCO3-效果最佳的模型为R′-SR-SVM,Rc2为0.970、Rp2为0.840、RPD为5.59。研究结果可为该区域及同类地区土壤盐渍化反演提供理论依据。     

秦皇岛市蔬菜大棚全盐及盐分组成离子变化的研究

通过对不同棚龄、不同土层、不同季节的蔬菜大棚土壤全盐及盐分组成离子变化的研究表明,大棚土壤全盐含量明显高于相邻棚外土壤,大棚土壤全盐含量随着棚龄的增加而增加,大部分大棚土壤已达到中度盐渍化的程度,同棚龄不同土层全盐含量由上而下呈下降的趋势,大棚土壤全盐含量季节变化2月份明显高于9月份。不同棚龄的大棚土壤盐分组成离子Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-、NO3-含量,在0～20cm土层中均明显高于相邻棚外土壤,其含量随着棚龄的增加而增加,其中,K+、Ca2+、NO3-、SO42-最为明显,是造成大棚土壤表层盐渍化的主要离子。造成大棚土壤盐渍化的主要原因是大量使用化学肥料,另外,耕作、灌溉等管理方式不当也是造成棚内土壤盐渍化的原因。     

河北省蔬菜大棚土壤盐分状况及其影响因素

通过对河北省蔬菜大棚的采样调查研究,结果表明:河北省蔬菜大棚土壤EC平均达到0 62ms·cm-1,0～20、20～40、40～60、60～80cm的土壤EC分别比相邻粮田增加244%、55%、50%、73%;在土壤空间分布上,0～20cm土层盐分含量最高;除HCO3-含量呈降低的趋势外,Ca2 、Mg2 、K 、NO3-、Cl-、SO42-均有不同程度的增加,并且土壤盐分随着种植年限的增加呈增加的趋势,而菜粮轮作可以明显降低土壤盐分含量。     

基于典范对应分析的干旱区春季盐渍化特征研究

运用常规统计学和典范对应分析方法,对干旱区盐渍土土壤全盐量(TS)、盐分离子组成、碱化度(ESP)、pH、电导率(EC)的空间分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,该区土壤为重度至轻度盐化,不同层次土壤中,Na+与Cl-、Ca2+与Mg2+保持较好的关联性。TS的空间分布,在0～50 cm全剖面上主要受控于Cl-、HCO3-和Na+离子;分层与全剖面的情况略有不同,Cl-、Na+在各个土层仍为主要控制离子。ESP在全剖面上其空间分布受环境因子的影响较小,0～10 cm土层主要受Na+与Cl-离子的制约;10～30 cm土层内主要受HCO3-离子的制约;30～50 cm土层未表现控制因子。pH在全剖面上受盐分离子的影响较小,分布较为均匀,表层受离子影响很小,在10～30 cm、30～50 cm土层内受HCO3-离子的影响微弱。EC在全剖面上的空间分布受控于Ca2+、Mg2+离子,30～50 cm土层主要受K+离子的控制,其他土层与全剖面相同。     

香石竹设施栽培土壤可溶性盐分主成分分析

为探索香石竹设施栽培土壤盐害的防治方法与技术途径,对香石竹设施栽培土壤可溶性盐分进行了主成分分析。结果表明:土壤中可溶性盐分可分为主成分1(SO42-、NO3-、Ca2+、Cl-、K+)和主成分2(CO32-、HCO3-)两个成分,主成分1中SO42-、NO3-、Ca2+与土壤EC值三次模型拟合度较高(R2>0.850**),并与土壤EC值呈不同强度的正相关性;土壤EC值与全盐量呈强正相关性(r=0.99**),并接近线性关系(线性模型R2=0.976**,三次模型R2=0.984**);土壤EC值可作为一个有效指标,反映土壤盐渍化及土壤可溶性盐分,特别是反映SO42-、NO3-、Ca2+的变动情况,盐害防治重点在于SO42-、NO3-、Ca2+。研究对指导香石竹设施栽培土壤管理与持续利用具有重要意义。     

地下水浅埋区重度盐碱地不同滴灌种植年限土壤盐分分布特征

采用时空替代的研究方法,研究地下水浅埋区重度盐碱地不同滴灌种植年限(0、1、2、3年)对土壤盐分及不同盐分离子分布的影响,旨在为采用覆膜滴灌技术进行盐碱地改良提供理论依据。试验结果表明滴灌种植枸杞第1年,土壤盐分变化主要为自上而下被淋洗,种植2年和3年土壤年内盐分含量和分布变化相似,盐分主要分布在土壤表层,且在枸杞生育期结束时,剖面土壤含盐量都低于年初水平;土壤溶液电导率(EC1:5)与主要离子之间都具有极显著的相关关系,其中Cl-和Na+与EC1:5关系最为紧密;HCO3-与EC1:5负相关,相关性随着种植年限的增加而减小;Cl-、Mg2+、Ca2+、Na+在盐分组成中的荷载随种植年限增加而增大;回归分析表明Cl-和EC1:5之间具有线性关系,SO42-与EC1:5之间具有对数关系,EC1:5可以通过Cl-和SO42-表达;利用咸水覆膜滴灌并没有根本改变土壤类型,但在距滴头水平距离0～30cm范围内土壤含盐量从13.1g/kg降低到4～6g/kg,由盐土脱盐演化为重度盐化土。因此,采用覆膜滴灌技术明显降低了作物根区盐分含量,改善了作物根系生长的土壤环境条件。     

盐渍化土壤光谱特征的区域异质性及盐分反演

该文通过分析中国新疆、浙江、吉林3个不同地区盐渍化土壤的高光谱特征,研究了盐渍化土壤高光谱特征的区域异质性,并对构建高精度的跨区域土壤盐分高光谱定量反演模型,应用25种数据处理方式来提高全局建模的精度,旨在提高具有光谱异质性土壤的盐分反演精度。结果表明:不同地区的盐渍化土壤,无论是反射率还是光谱曲线形态方面,均存在较明显的差异,但经过一阶微分处理后,光谱差异有所降低;对3个地区土壤盐分含量局部建模与全局建模的精度进行比较,在所选用的直线回归、主成分回归、多元线性回归、偏最小二乘回归4种建模方法中,全局建模精度均低于局部建模精度;不同地区盐渍化土壤的盐分敏感波段不一致,在所采用的25种数据处理方式中,SG3点一阶微分(savitzky golay)、SG5点一阶微分、SG7点一阶微分、线性基线校正+SG3点一阶微分、SG平滑+SG3点一阶微分、SG平滑+线性基线校正+SG3点一阶微分这6种数据处理方式对全局建模的建模精度有明显改善作用,模型的相对分析误差均达到2.0以上,其中以SG平滑+SG3点一阶微分为最佳,其决定系数、均方根误差、相对分析误差分别为0.80、0.43、2.23。研究结果为跨区域土壤盐渍化的航天高光谱遥感监测提供了一定的参考依据。     

宁夏银北地区龟裂碱土盐分特征研究

为探明龟裂碱土的基本盐分状况,并建立在滴灌利用条件下基于电导率的土壤主要盐分性质的预测模型,本文在野外调查、取样和化学分析的基础上,利用经典统计分析方法,对我国宁夏银北地区龟裂碱土盐分特征进行了研究.结果表明,龟裂碱土剖面内盐分含量总体呈现“表聚”现象,主要盐分离子含量随深度增加逐渐降低.Cl-和Na+是该土壤中最主要的阴阳离子,且在上层土壤中表现尤为突出,HCO3+含量在100 cm以下的土层中逐渐增加.表层土壤钠吸附比(SAR)值较大,均在15(mmol/L)0.5以上,pH值在8.5～10之间.Na+与Cl-的相关性最强,相关性系数为0.902 (P＜0.01),Na+与SO42-、HCO3-的相关性次之.土壤饱和浸提液电导率(ECe)和Cl-、Na+、可溶性总盐(TSS)含量及SAR值显著正相关(P＜0.01).土壤Cl-、Na+、TSS含量及SAR可由自变量为ECe的数学回归方程来表达,且预测精度可靠,可快速、经济地模拟和预测该地区土壤Cl-、Na+、TSS含量及SAR值,为本区域滴灌精准改良利用条件下龟裂碱土的盐渍化状况评价提供参考.     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.