高效节能水锤泵技术研究进展

为了厘清水锤泵的技术发展动态和目前的技术应用现状,文中回顾了水锤泵技术发展历史,并简要介绍了水锤泵的基本结构,在此基础上,阐述了水锤泵的效率计算方法,并对水锤泵的理论设计方法发展进行了梳理.随后对水锤泵的国内外研发现状进行了大致概括,提出了中国水锤泵发展受限的根本原因,并指出简化制造和装配工艺、发展大型化水锤泵制造技术以及研发轻型化和分体式水锤泵是未来发展的重点.接着总结出水锤泵系统参数和结构参数是影响水锤泵的主要因素.最后对国内外水锤泵的实际应用现状进行了对比分析,提出发展应用水锤泵应在考虑泄水阀和输水阀动态启闭过程的水锤泵运行全过程理论模型的基础上发展适用于不同群体或目标的水锤泵制造技术.研究成果对扩大水锤泵的应用范围,提升中国水锤泵的制造技术提供了一定的参考.     

水锤泵用于喷灌

研究水锤泵直接用于喷灌。从24.3公顷(364.5亩)土地上实际的田间泵站试验研究中,可以得出结论:水锤泵能有效地直接用于喷灌。对用于喷灌的水锤泵连续运行来说,最小水头比,即压出扬程与水源水头之比,是一个重要的设计指标。文中提供了适用于与喷灌系统相互关连的设计步骤的水锤泵系统设计的图表。     

水锤泵喷灌技术在竹林培育中的应用

本文通过在永安市竹林丰产示范基地中水锤泵的安装使用,介绍了水锤泵喷灌技术在竹林培育中的应用,并具有广阔的应用前景和实用性。     

基于ANSYS水锤泵结构有限元分析

针对水锤泵几何结构及运动特性,对水锤泵在工作过程的受力及振动情况进行了研究,并结合流体力学,计算了其产生的水锤效应。应用ANSYS有限元软件,对水锤泵进行静力学分析和有限元模态分析。结果表明,在底座及相贯线处存在较大的应力分布,整体变形不大,设计相对合理;各阶振型主要表现为扭曲及弯曲振动。     

水锤泵应用试验与效益分析

西德不来梅海外研究与发展协会无偿援助的630型水锤泵二台、420型水烫泵一台，干1990年6月由浙江省科委拨给我市进行应用试验。我们根据西德提供的技术资料，于1990年11月确定石柱镇厚孙树和唐光镇岩前村作为水锤泵的应用试验点。它们分别用于60亩作物的旱地灌溉和200户农户的自来水供应。下面就二种典型的提水方式进行分析。一、工程概况三、水锤泵主要技术要求水锤泵结构型式见图1。西德提供的水锤泵主要技术要求是：水锤泵进水管长L为8倍的落差八使用工作水头H为1．5～7m，提水高度h为2～30倍的水头落差H，出水量q为325．2～49升／分（…     

水锤泵的工作原理与运用

自1987年起,中德两国就水锤泵示范推广项目开展持续合作。到2002年底在浙江省山村已推广应用700多台水锤泵,将近500座旧式微型水力站安装投入使用,四五十万山区农村人口     

水锤泵

水锤泵是一种利用水的落差进行扬水的水力机械,其最大特点是不需要专门的动力机,不需要燃料和电力,在有落差水头的情况下可连续地运转扬水。我国60年代曾经发展过水锤泵,由于当时缺乏详尽的理论分析及计     

水锤泵的应用与推广

水锤泵技术是一门既古老又先进的技术,水锤泵是一种不用电、不耗油的新型节能提水工具,它以水的自然落差为动力,具有扬程高、寿命长、管理简单、日夜不间断自动提水等特点,在缺电但水力资源丰富的农村有其广泛的实用性。浙江省遂昌县是个九山半水半分田的山区县,拥有茶园面积7 300多hm2,由于受地形地貌的制约,遇到干旱季节茶园不能得到有效灌溉,从而影响了产量和产值。从2010年开始,遂昌县农业机械管理站在大柘、云峰、安口、湖山、金竹等乡镇茶园推广应用BIL型水锤泵17     

水锤泵的工作原理与应用推广

水锤泵是中德两国合作推广的农村环保节能项目。它是一种利用水锤效应直接将低水头能转换为高水头能的高效提水装置,国外在其理论和结构应用示范研究方面已有200多年历史,技术成熟。其结构简单,操作方便,扬程高,寿命长,不消耗电、油、煤等任何能源,可实现1昼夜将1．6～600m^3的水,自动提升到2km范围内,相当于提高落差2～20倍,非常适用于缺电、无电的山区和半山区的农田灌溉,人畜用水及山地果园喷灌,在水源充足地区,也可利用水锤泵提水蓄能,进行微型发电。水锤泵推广应用符合国家节能减排的要求。     

四川农村水锤泵试点情况简介

四川农村水锤泵试点情况简介季方兴（四川省农村能源办公室６１００４１）水锤泵是一种利用一定落差水流通过进水管内时产生瞬间冲击压力实现提水的节能提水装置。它利用低落差水资源输出高扬程的水。它不同于常规的离心泵和轴流泵，是以水为动力送水，具有不消耗电、油、...     

Modeling delivery performance in pressurized irrigation systems from simulated peak-demand flow configurations

A methodology to assess performance of pressurized irrigation distribution networks is presented, which is based on generation of flow configurations from simulated delivery scenarios, and on subsequent analysis of network operation and delivery achievements. The rationale of the methodology entails simulating the peak-demand flow configurations in the pipe network through a deterministic–stochastic combined agro-hydrological model, and forecasting the delivery performance by means of a hydraulic simulation model and of some specific performance indicators. The agro-hydrological model generates disaggregated information on soil water deficits for all the cropped fields downstream from the delivery hydrants, and forecasts the demand flow hydrographs and irrigation deliveries for the entire service area during peak-demand periods. The simulated-demand flow configurations are then passed on to the hydraulic simulation model, which evaluates the hydraulic performance achievable by the pipe network. The performance analysis is then refined using additional indicators specifically adapted to pressurized irrigation networks. The proposed methodology was applied to a large-scale pressurized irrigation system of southern Italy that is in need of modernization. Results proved the usefulness of the combined use of simulation tools as components of an analytical framework to address modernization and re-engineering of existing irrigation delivery networks, on the basis of targeted delivery performance.     

关于浑水管道阻力损失规律的试验研究

通过管道输水试验系统,对浑水管道输水系统水沙运动规律进行了深入细致的实验研究,并以实验为基础,运用泥沙运动力学和管道水力学原理,对浑水管道阻力损失规律进行了探讨,得出了浑水管道阻力损失计算经验公式,为今后管道输水灌溉技术在渠灌区的推广应用和有关水力计算提供了科学依据。     

Irrigation water management for crop diversification: Application of the WACCROD model

The actual water management practices, in terms of the volumes and intervals of delivery, are examined in a rice-based irrigation subsystem where crop diversification is practised. A simulation model (WACCROD) is used to generate the hypothetical water requirements of the changing crop mixture at quartenary and tertiary levels.Crops other than rice were planted in the dry season to reduce the need for water. Then, as the available water supplies diminished, the volume and timing of water deliveries changed based on the time, hydraulic location and relative importance of the crop.     

纯水液压控制阀的现状研究

对比油压带来的不利因素,对水液压元器件进行简要介绍的同时并对纯水液压控制阀的研究现状进行相关的论述.主要分析国内外纯水液压控制阀的研究现状,针对纯水液压控制阀研制的关键技术要求提出相关的解决方案.简要介绍了几种典型纯水液压控制阀的研究.     

纯水液压控制阀的现状研究

对比油压带来的不利因素,对水液压元器件进行简要介绍的同时并对纯水液压控制阀的研究现状进行相关的论述。主要分析国内外纯水液压控制阀的研究现状,针对纯水液压控制阀研制的关键技术要求提出相关的解决方案。简要介绍了几种典型纯水液压控制阀的研究。     

Influence of cross-regulator settings on the offtake discharge in a modern irrigation network

The hydraulic performance of canals and related delivery structures is highly dependent on the management of cross-regulators. The HEC-RAS model was applied to Ordibehesht Canal at the Doroodzan irrigation network, northwest of Fars province in Iran for evaluation of water delivery performance due to operation of cross-regulators. Discharge deviations of offtakes due to cross-regulator gate position changes and deviations of water delivery equity were evaluated. Results showed that small changes in gate positions of check structures (cross-regulators) cause considerable changes in the offtake discharges and equity (spatial uniformity) of water delivery to the offtakes along the main canal. Results of the study led to the development of two sensitivity indicators. “Offtake sensitivity to check setting” that represents the changes in offtake discharges due to changes in cross-regulator setting, and “Sensitivity of the equity indicator to the gate position change” are the two developed indicators which can be used for better management of water delivery systems.     

水压传动技术及其在农业机械中的应用

阐述了水压传动的技术特点、优越性和需要解决的关键技术,包括新型工程材料、摩擦学、机械原理、液压传动和相关基本设计理论等方面知识的综合应用。简要介绍了国内外典型关键水压元件的研制、发展状况和典型的应用实例,探讨了水压传动技术在农业机械上广泛应用的可能性。     

基于分时电价的梯级泵站输水系统日优化运行

为了提高梯级泵站输水系统日运行效益,通过分析梯级泵站输水系统,提出了梯级泵站输水系统整体运行效率的定义及表达式,分析了梯级泵站输水系统日运行费用的影响因素及优化机制.在此基础上,以日运行费用最小为目标,考虑分时电价,日输水总量,泵站进、出水池水位等约束条件,以时段流量分配、级间水位等因素为决策变量,建立了梯级泵站输水系统日运行费用优化模型、梯级泵站输水系统运行效率优化模型和单级泵站运行效率优化模型,采用基于区间离散的动态规划法进行求解,进而确定梯级泵站输水系统日优化运行方案,包括各时段内梯级间水力(水位、流量)方案和各泵站内运行方案.将该优化方法应用于南水北调东线韩庄运河段梯级泵站工程,结果表明节约费用效果较为显著.     

WaDI (water delivery for irrigation): A simulation tool to address strategic interaction of water demand and supply in irrigation schemes

The WaDI (water delivery for irrigation) model deals with the relations between the collective water supply and the demand within irrigated schemes. It is based on a separate modelling of the water supply and demand, including (i) a simplified representation of the hydraulic structure, characteristics and organizational parameters of the scheme, (ii) an assessment of the water demand of farms based on their total irrigated area, cropping pattern and irrigation practices, (iii) a farm typology, (iv) a confrontation between water demand and supply at each node of the scheme from pumping plants to tertiary canals, and (v) calculation of response factors between supply and demand during the peak demand period. “What-if” scenarios are simulated in order to enhance the stakeholders’ capacity to plan strategic decisions such as water delivery allocation rules or infrastructure investments. WaDI was implemented on two Brazilian schemes. It allowed broadening the stakeholders’ limited representation of collective water supply and demand into a more comprehensive understanding of these relations. The approach however showed some limits, along with the difficulty of assessing the real impact on the stakeholders’ capacity for strategic planning.