山梨种子层积处理的方法比较

通过对山梨种子5种层积处理方法的发芽率、霉烂率、坏死率、未发芽率及种子活力指数的测定。分析了各种处理方法的优缺点，认为山梨种子进行层积处理袋贮雪藏法最佳。其次为沙贮窖藏法和袋贮吊袋法。沙贮土埋法及冰箱贮藏法不宜采用．     

枣果冷藏保鲜试验研究

对１１个枣树品种进行了鲜果冷藏保鲜试验，证明不同品种贮藏效果不同。以耐贮性中等的金丝小枣为试材，采用多种消毒方法和保鲜处理，证明不同处理与对照冷藏效果差异不明显，说明金丝小枣保鲜贮藏的技术关键是低温、高湿的环境条件，药物处理可以简化。     

青果核桃贮藏保鲜技术

为了探索科学的核桃鲜果的储藏方法,采用自然环境、5℃低温、5℃低温密封3种保存处理方法,就不同时期采收的核桃青皮果实的保鲜贮藏技术进行了试验研究。结果表明:接近成熟期,核桃果实的质量就会逐渐减轻,果实早期采摘有利于贮藏保鲜;低温密封保存可以控制水分的损失;在相同的贮藏环境与保存期间不同核桃品种青皮果实的失水率不相同;带皮青核桃比湿核桃失水缓慢,外果皮能起到很好的保鲜作用;核桃果实外皮若完好无损,则有利于长期保存保鲜。     

肉花卫矛种子休眠及其解除的研究

＞Ｆ０．０１＝５．９９）。经ＬＳＲ检验，变温层积（２０～２５℃４５ｄ＋２～５℃　４５ｄ）的发芽率最高，可达５６．７％，且与其它各层积处理的发芽率之间存在极显著的差异；２～５℃层积９０ｄ、７０ｄ及对照（２～１５℃层积９０ｄ）的种子发芽率之间差异不显著；２～５℃层积３０ｄ的发芽率最低，仅为２２％（表２）。以上试验小结为：（１）成熟且发育完善的肉花卫矛种子在适宜的温度、水分等条件下不能发芽，种皮透气性差是肉花卫矛种子休眠的原因。（２）层积处理可以提高种子的发芽率，其中以２０～２５℃４５ｄ＋２～５℃４５ｄ变温层积处理的发芽率最高，可达５６．７％，解除了种子休眠。     

不同处理对轮台白杏种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

【目的】掌握轮台白杏种子的最佳育苗方法,为高效科学育苗提供技术支撑,为揭示杏休眠机理提供理论依据。【方法】以轮台白杏种子为研究对象,设置激素法、温汤浸种法、低温层积法、激素+低温层积法打破种子休眠,统计发芽率,将萌发的种子播种到土壤中,30 d后测定幼苗特性。【结果】1)GA₃和温汤浸种处理不去皮种子,发芽率很低,表明轮台白杏具有种皮休眠特性。带壳轮台白杏种子经低温层积80 d才开始萌发,说明轮台白杏具有种壳休眠特性。2)在不同处理中,有两个处理方法发芽率及出苗率均较高,其中500 mg/L的GA₃处理半去皮轮台白杏种子,发芽率高达94.00%,出苗率高达88.00%,种苗根系发达,不易徒长,育苗成本最低,每千株为276元,育苗效率最高。温汤浸种轮台白杏种子在50℃浸种全去皮轮台白杏种子30 min,发芽率和出苗率均较高,分别为98.00%和84.00%,成本较低,效率较高。低温层积带壳种子120 d时发芽率最高为80.67%,所有低温层积处理出苗率低于70%,育苗成本较高,效率最低。3)先用激素浸泡种24 h,后层积综合处理发现,轮台白杏种...     

板栗简易贮藏保鲜技术

总结了板栗五种贮藏方法和贮前种子的药剂处理对其贮藏保鲜率的影响,指出:湿砂和湿木屑层积堆藏的贮藏保鲜率高,同时具有催芽作用,可作为种用栗的贮藏方法;罐藏和冷藏贮藏保鲜率也较高。可作为食用栗的贮藏方法;板栗贮藏前,一定要经过药物处理。     

北美鹅掌楸种子破眠技术研究

用低温层积处理、低温裸层积处理、赤霉素处理等方法研究北美鹅掌楸种子的破眠技术，结果表明北美鹅掌楸种子经150d低温层积，其发芽率接近80％，而低温裸层积90d，其发芽率就达80％以上。200mg／kg浓度的赤霉素处理种子48h发芽率只有35％，但用赤霉素处理后再对种子进行低温层积，种子萌发速度加快，层积60d其发芽率达到77％。     

南亚含笑种子发芽试验

为探索南亚含笑种子常规贮藏育苗发芽率低的原因,对其种子进行了不同方法的贮藏和处理,并作了发芽试验。结果表明:沙藏的南亚含笑种子发芽率达81.8%,发芽相对整齐,且能提前1个月发芽;层积催芽处理过的南亚含笑种子发芽最整齐,发芽率高达92.4%。     

枸杞种子发芽特性的研究

研究贮藏年限对枸杞种子发芽的影响及其不同品种和不同种间的发芽特性,结果表明:枸杞种子发芽率随贮藏时间的增加而降低,4年内种子发芽率能保持在85%以上,4~10年种子发芽率大幅度下降,贮藏超过16年种子基本失去活力。贮藏年限与枸杞种子发芽率呈极显著负相关,相关系数r=0.988 7**,回归方程为y=-20.9x 123.45。依据不同品种枸杞种子间发芽率是否极显著,将所选枸杞品种分为3类,且基本上与田间形态观察相符。不同种枸杞种子发芽指标显著差异明显高于品种间,但黑果枸杞与其它种在发芽指标上表现极显著差异。     

油松种子最佳低温层积时间的探究

不同时间的低温层积对打破油松种子休眠,促进发芽的效果不同。通过发芽试验结果表明:低温层积时间不足4周,种子的发芽率、发芽势、平均发芽速度均不及低温层积4周的,低温层积时间超过4周的种子,其发芽势、发芽率都会降低,4周是油松种子最适的低温层积时间。     

Effects of artificial environmental conditions on anatomical and physiological ripening of Pinus sylvestris L. seeds

To determine suitable conditions for artificial ripening of Scots pine seeds, cones collected on seven occasions between August 6 and November 26, 1990, in northern Sweden, were subjected to artificial ripening at different temperatures (+5°–+15°C) and cone moisture contents for 3–9 weeks. Complete physiological ripening and improved seed vigour were attained after artificial ripening if collection occurred no earlier than the beginning of September. The highest germination percentage after artificial ripening, ca 90%, was achieved for seeds collected after the anatomical ripening in nature had ceased and was at least as high as for seeds ripened in nature. Temperature did not influence ripening, whereas a low cone moisture content impaired ripening of those seeds collected earliest. The germination percentage was not influenced by 2–6 months of cone storage subsequent to artificial ripening, but seed vigour was impaired. Anatomical ripening during artificial ripening was very limited.     

Desiccation and storage behavior of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) seeds

The effect of seed moisture content (m.c.) and seed storage conditions of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) was investigated in relation to seed viability. In the first experiment, the effect of drying rate on seed moisture and seed germination was investigated. Fresh seeds, with their original moisture content displayed a germination percentage of 55.1%. When the seed moisture content was reduced by 2.0% in an oven, the germination percentage rose to 81.0%. When the seed moisture content was reduced even more by using the same method, the germination percentages decreased dramatically. Reducing the seed moisture content to 28.7 and 23.5% by drying the seeds in alternating room conditions resulted in an increase of seed germinability to 84.3 and 90.9%, respectively. The drying of the seeds for 45, 60 and 75 days reduced their seed germination to 66.8, 49.4 and 48.0%, respectively. Reducing seed moisture content below 15.0% resulted in practically nullifying seed germinability. The fact that bay laurel seeds cannot retain their germinability at lower moisture contents demonstrates that it is a species with recalcitrant seeds. In the second experiment, moist and dry storage conditions were tested under different temperatures and moisture contents. The storage experiment showed that the most effective way of conserving the bay laurel seeds is moist storage at 0 ± 1°C for 4 months without previous drying of the seeds.     

ABT生根粉提高报春花种子活力的研究

为 提高报 春花种子 活力和幼 苗的抗 逆性 , 以 Ａ Ｂ Ｔ 生根 粉 不同 剂型 、不 同浓 度浸 泡 处理报春花 种子, 进 行了播种 发芽试 验。结果 表明 , 经 Ａ Ｂ Ｔ 生 根粉 浸 泡处 理 后, 发 芽率 、发 芽速率、发 芽指数、 活力指数 等活力指 标均明 显提高, 以６ 号 Ａ Ｂ Ｔ 生根 粉２０ ｍｇ Ｌ 浸泡２４ｈ 的处理效果最 佳。电导 率值和干 鲜比低 于 Ｃ Ｋ, 与种子 活力存在 负相关 关系。     

油桐种籽油脂合成及其在品种类型上的差异

油桐种籽成熟过程中,种籽的含油量和水分含量是负相关。水分的亏缺,严重影响了油脂合成。从 8月 25日至 9月 15日含油量上升23.8％,而含水量下降24.55％,桐酸含量也上升,与此同时棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸以及亚麻酸的含量下降。桐酸在总脂肪酸含量中占79.42％。脂肪酸的累积、转化最活跃时期在8月份和9月上旬,这时期油桐栽培水分供应是至关重要的。 油桐不同种和品种(类型)脂肪酸组成有明显差异,以桐酸变化幅度最大,差值达16.06％。在这些样品中,桐酸含量超过76％的有15份,均为三年桐,其中少花单生果品种(类型)占12份,千年桐桐酸含量均不到70％。从油质来说,三年桐优于千年桐。在三年桐中少花单生果品种(类型)具有桐酸含量高,亚油酸、油酸含量较低的优点。     

Negative effect of removing pulp from unripe fleshy fruits: seed germination pattern of Celtis sinensis in relation to the temporal context of fruit consumption

We explored the temporal effects of fruit consumption on the subsequent seed germination pattern of a fleshy-fruited tree, the Chinese hackberry (Celtis sinensis). Via nursery-based sowing experiments, we investigated (1) how pulp removal affected seed germination patterns at the different stages of fruit maturation, and (2) how the timing of seed dispersal (August, October, and December) affected the germination patterns of seeds from ripe fruits after the removal of pulp. We found that the removal of pulp from around the seeds of ripe fruit had no effect on the percentage and timing of germination. In contrast, the removal of pulp from seeds of unripe fruits largely reduced the germination percentage. The time of sowing did not affect the germination percentage, whereas the timing of germination was delayed for seeds that were sown later or under shaded environments.     

催芽油松种子贮藏方法的研究

1998、1999、2000连续三年进行了用气调贮藏法贮藏催芽油松种子的试验,旨在使催过芽的油松种子经半个多月贮藏后,既能维持种子较高的生命力,又能抑制其生长而保持原催芽程度,以待雨情播种造林.结果表明,该方法贮藏的催芽油松种子播种造林后,需水量少,出苗快,在干旱时尚可提高出苗率,降低播种量.     

杏树不同品种及果枝花粉发芽试验研究

为进一步探明杏树率低的原因,研究了杏树不同品种、不同果枝类型的花粉发芽率。结果表明：同一品种不同果枝类型花粉发芽率差异不显著;杏树不同品种间花为分发育率存在极显著差异（９９％）,其中车头杏最高达３１．７％;不同品种的２基最适蔗糖浓度不同,大部品种以１０％为最好,但巴斗在蔗糖浓度５％的培养基上发芽率最高,串枝红杏在蔗糖３个浓度下发芽率基本一致;８０万单位青霉素对不同品种花粉萌发有促进或抑制作用。     

Variability in permeability and integrity of cell membrane and depletion of food reserves in neem （Azadirachta indica） seeds from trees of different age classes

We quantified cell membrane permeability(electrical conductivityEC,water soluble sugar-WSS,and amino acids-AA)and integrity(phospholipids,α-tocopherol and lipid peroxidation)along with food reserve deterioration(total proteins,total sugar,and total starch)of neem seeds collected from various mother tree age classes and stored for 65days in airtight plastic containers at ambient room temperature(35±5°C).Results show that the activities were higher in fresh seeds(EC267.56-2950.01μS/g,WSS 19.96-19.48 mg/g and AA 5.40-5.35 mg/g)and declined with increasing duration of storage period(EC153.37-195.17μS/g,WSS 3.13-4.17 mg/g and AA 4.29-4.49 mg/g after35 days and EC 144.02-161.56μS/g,WSS 2.06-2.40 mg/g and AA3.98-4.27 mg/g after 65 days of storage).Phospholipids andα-tocopherol were higher in fresh seed(0.073-0.093 OD at 710 nm and0.080-0.105 OD,respectively)and declined as storage duration increased(0.033-0.042 OD at 710 nm and 00.0010-0.0020 OD,respectively).Dead seeds showed reduced amounts of phospholipids and minimum activity ofα-tocopherol(antioxidants).The level of MDA was lower in fresh seeds(0.0066-0.0087 OD at 600-535 nm)and increased as storage duration increased(0.0248-0.0268 OD after 65 days of storage).The higher amount of MDA indicated that seeds died due to rancidity of the oil inside the seed.Neem seed cake was assessed for deterioration of food reserves(total proteins,total sugar,and total starch),concentrations of which were higher in fresh seed and declined as storage duration increased.Germination was higher in fresh seeds and after 65days,no germination was received perhaps due to deterioration of biochemicals in seeds.Patterns of seed deterioration were similar across all seed lots.     

不同温度、时间层积处理对刺五加种子发芽的影响

为了提高刺五加种子的发芽率,将两个不同产地的刺五加种子进行不同温度、时间的促进生理后熟和打破休眠的处理。结果表明,高温处理虽然能够促进种胚个体大小的发育,但不能打破种子的休眠,因此和低温处理一样发芽率为0。变温处理使胚长由最初的0.2mm伸长到3.1mm,发芽率达到12.0%。随促进生理后熟处理时间的延长,种子的胚长和发芽率均呈上升态势,处理160d的平均胚长(2.9mm)和发芽率(62.7%)达到了最高。打破休眠处理的时间以60d的平均发芽率为最高(27.1%)。