戊菌唑

理化性质：戊菌唑属于三唑类杀菌剂。戊菌唑原药质量分数≥95％;外观为无色结晶粉末;熔点：57．6～60．3℃;蒸气压：0．17mPa（20℃）,0．37mPa（25℃）;     

辽宁省稻瘟病菌对肟菌酯敏感性监测

为了明确稻瘟病菌对肟菌酯的敏感性,利用菌丝生长速率法测定了 2018～2019年辽宁省11个水稻产区分离的220株稻瘟病菌对肟菌酯的敏感性,并在此基础上对供试菌株的抗药性水平进行了分析.结果表明:稻瘟病菌对肟菌酯的EC50值分布范围为0.0111～0.4983 μg·mL-1,敏感性差异达44.89倍.220株稻瘟病菌...     

肟菌酯气相色谱分析方法研究

采用气相色谱法,用DB-1毛细管柱,以邻苯二甲酸二环己酯为内标物,用氢火焰离子化检测器对肟菌酯原药进行定量检测。在选定的色谱条件下,有效成分、内标物、杂质能得到有效分离。结果表明,肟菌酯在一定浓度下的线性相关系数为0.999 9,标准偏差为0.13,变异系数为0.13%,平均回收率为99.68%。     

气相色谱法同时检测水果中氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸的残留量

采用气相色谱法建立了水果中氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸残留的分析方法。样品用乙腈匀浆提取,氯化钠和无水硫酸镁盐析后,经N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）分散固相萃取净化,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（GC-ECD）检测。结果表明:在0.05~1 mg/kg添加水平下,氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸的平均回收率为79%~120%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.7%~16%。氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸在不同水果样品中的检出限（LOD）分别为0.01、0.015和0.01 mg/kg,定量限（LOQ）均为0.05 mg/kg。该方法快速、简单和稳定,可以满足水果中氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸残留量的检测要求。     

43％氟吡菌酰胺·肟菌酯悬浮剂的HPLC分析

建立HPLC测定43％氟吡菌酰胺· 肟菌酯悬浮剂中有效成分的分析方法.选用WondaSil C18-WR反相色谱柱,以乙腈-水(体积比为60:40)为流动相,在波长220nm条件下测定试样中氟吡菌酰胺和肟菌酯的含量.结果表明:氟吡菌酰胺和肟菌酯的线性相关系数为0.9992,变异系数分别为0.29％和0.42％,平均回收...     

苯醚菌酯

理化性质：苯醚菌酯属甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯类杀菌剂,是我国具有自主知识产权的新农药。纯品外观为白色粉末。熔点：108℃～110℃：蒸气压（25℃）：1．5×10^-6Pa;溶解度（g／L,20℃）：水中3．60×10^-3,甲醇中15．56,乙醇中11．04,二甲苯中24．57,丙酮中143．61;分配系数（正辛醇／水）：3．382×10^4（25℃）;在酸性介质中易分解;对光稳定。化学名称：（E）-2-[2-（2,5-二甲基苯氧基）-苯基]-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯;结构式：     

戊唑·肟菌酯48%悬浮剂的液相色谱分析

采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇+水为流动相,紫外检测器,C18不锈钢柱上分离测定复配制剂中有效成分戊唑醇和肟菌酯的含量。结果表明戊唑醇和肟菌酯标准偏差分别为0.181,0.087;变异系数分别为0.56%,0.52%;平均回收率为100.14%,100.11%;线性相关系数分别为1.000,0.999 6。     

不同剂量的肟菌酯·异噻菌胺种子包衣防治水稻稻瘟病效果

不同剂量的肟菌酯·异噻菌胺种子包衣防治水稻稻瘟病的田间药效试验表明:肟菌酯·异噻菌胺种子处理悬浮剂对水稻稻瘟病有较好的防治作用,随着肟菌酯·异噻菌胺种子处理悬浮剂有效成份浓度的增加,其防效增强,推荐剂量为有效成分4.2g~7.0g/kg种子或加2m L成膜剂。     

Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to trifloxystrobin

The sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to trifloxystrobin was monitored by both in vitro (spore germination) and in vivo tests (on apple seedlings). There was good correlation between the in vitro and in vivo results. Baseline sensitivity was established with 95 bulk isolates from Europe between 1995 and 1998 which showed a narrow sensitivity range-factor of up to 17 between the least and most sensitive isolates. Monitoring of populations originating from trifloxystrobin-treated and untreated orchards between 1995 and 1999 showed only sensitive isolates and no performance deficiencies were reported. Data also show that trifloxystrobin is not cross-resistant to anilinopyrimidines and triazoles, but is cross-resistant to kresoxim-methyl, another strobilurin which also inhibits the cytochrome bc1 enzyme complex at the Qo-site in the respiration chain of fungal mitochondria (QoI inhibitors). Under experimental conditions from a specific trial site in Switzerland, where trifloxystrobin has been tested since 1994, isolates containing conidia resistant to Qo inhibitors were detected in 1997 and 1999. However no obvious performance deficiencies were reported. Nevertheless these results demonstrate a risk for the development of practical resistance in V inaequalis to Qo inhibitors and therefore a need to apply resistance management principles strictly.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测核桃中戊唑醇､肟菌酯及肟菌酸残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定戊唑醇?肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸在核桃中的残留检测方法?样品中待测农药组分采用2%乙酸乙腈溶剂振荡提取, 弗罗里硅土(florisil)净化, 利用乙腈和0.2%甲酸水作为流动相梯度洗脱, C18色谱柱分离, 在多反应监测模式下定量分析, 基质外标法定量?结果表明:戊唑醇添加水平为5~500 μg/kg时, 戊唑醇在核桃中添加回收率为80.3%~100.8%, 相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%~11.7%; 肟菌酯和肟菌酸添加水平为2~200 μg/kg时, 肟菌酯在核桃中添加回收率为91.1%~102.9%, 相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%~12.5%; 肟菌酸在核桃中添加回收率为91.7%~101.9%, 相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.7%~9.2%?戊唑醇?肟菌酯和肟菌酸溶剂标准曲线和基质标准曲线在1~1 000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数均大于0.99?戊唑醇定量限为5 μg/kg, 肟菌酯和肟菌酸定量限均为2 μg/kg?实际样品检测中, 戊唑醇残留结果为6~99 μg/kg, 肟菌酯残留结果为<2~103 μg/kg, 肟菌酸均小于检测限?该方法操作简便?快捷和准确, 满足在核桃实际样品中戊唑醇?肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸的残留检测要求?     

肟菌酯在斑马鱼中的生物富集效应研究

采用PRiME HLB固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪,建立了斑马鱼中肟菌酯残留的检测方法,并在此基础上研究了肟菌酯在斑马鱼中的生物富集效应。结果表明:在0.0001~0.05 mg/L范围内,肟菌酯进样质量浓度与峰面积之间具有良好的线性关系;当添加水平分别为0.0005和0.05 mg/L时,肟菌酯在水样中的平均回收率为86.6%~106%,相对标准偏差 (RSD)为5.1%~8.9%;添加水平分别为0.01、0.1和10 mg/kg时,其在鱼肉中的平均回收率为70.5%~104%,RSD为1.4%~3.3%。肟菌酯在水样中的定量限 (LOQ)为0.0005 mg/L,在鱼肉中的LOQ为0.01 mg/kg。利用所建立的方法,研究了在水生生物鱼类的1/10急性毒性基准剂量 (ALB) 值 (7.15 × 10?4 mg/L) 和ALB 值 (7.15 × 10?3 mg/L)、斑马鱼的1/100 LC₅₀值 ( 5.10 × 10?4 和1.20 × 10?3 mg/L)以及1/10 LC₅₀值 (5.10 × 10?3和1.20 × 10?2 mg/L)剂量暴露下,肟菌酯在斑马鱼中的生物富集效应。结果表明:经不同浓度肟菌酯连续暴露192 h后,肟菌酯在斑马鱼中的生物富集系数 (BCF)为113~178,具有中等生物富集效应。研究表明,生产中在使用肟菌酯时,应考虑其低浓度暴露下因生物富集作用而对水生生物引起的生态毒理学风险。     

Behaviour of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on grapes under semi‐arid tropical climatic conditions

BACKGROUND: A mixture of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole is excellent in controlling both powdery and downy mildew of grapes. The objective of the present work was to study the behaviour of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on grape berries and soil following treatment with Nativo 75 WG, a formulation containing both fungicides (trifloxystrobin 250 + tebuconazole 500 g kg^?1). This study was carried out for planned registration of this mixture for use on grapes in India. RESULTS: Initial residue deposits of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on grapes were below their maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.5 and 2 mg kg^?1, respectively, when Nativo 75 WG was applied at the recommended dose of 175 g product ha^?1. The residues dissipated gradually to 0.02 and 0.05 mg kg^?1 by 30 days, and were below the quantifiable limit of 0.01 mg kg^?1 at the time of harvest (60 days after the last treatment). Trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole dissipated at a pre‐harvest interval (PHI) of 36 and 34 days, respectively, from the recommended treatment dose. The acid metabolite of trifloxystrobin, CGA 321 113, was not detected in grape berries at any point in time. Soil at harvest was free of any pesticide residues. CONCLUSION: Residue levels of both trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole were below MRLs when grapes were harvested 30 days after the last of four applications of 175 g product ha^?1 (trifloxystrobin 44 g AI ha^?1, tebuconazole 88 g AI ha^?1) under the semi‐arid tropical climatic conditions of India. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evidence for natural resistance towards trifloxystrobin in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium graminearum</Emphasis>

A collection of 55 Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae) strains isolated between 1969 and 2009 in Belgium, Canada, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, or the USA belonging to the three known chemotypes (3-acetylated deoxynivalenol, 15-acetylated deoxynivalenol and nivalenol) were screened for their sensitivity towards the fungicide trifloxystrobin using a liquid culture assay. None of the isolates was completely inhibited by trifloxystrobin concentrations up to 3 mM. For comparison, prothioconazole completely inhibited fungal growth of a standard isolate at concentrations as low as 0.007 mM. The maximum level of inhibition, which could be obtained by trifloxystrobin, ranged from 14 to 65% among the strains tested and was not significantly affected by the country of origin or by the chemotype. The absence of significant differences in resistance levels between the countries of origin and chemotypes as well as the fact that strains isolated before the market introduction of strobilurins in 1996 also showed a high level of resistance is evidence that this is largely a case of natural resistance and not primarily related to strobilurin use in agriculture.     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测吡噻菌胺、肟菌酯及代谢物在番茄中的残留及长期膳食风险评估

建立了吡噻菌胺及其主要代谢物1-甲基-3- (三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺 (PAM)和肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸在番茄中残留的分析方法。样品经乙酸-乙腈提取,无水硫酸镁、N-丙基乙二胺 (PSA)和石墨化碳黑 (GCB)净化,高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (HPLC-MS/MS)检测。结果表明:吡噻菌胺、PAM、肟菌酯和肟菌酸在0.025~2 mg/L范围内的线性关系良好,R2≥0.999 2。在不同添加水平下,4种化合物在番茄中的平均回收率在88%~97%之间,相对标准偏差 (RSD)小于3.9%,定量限 (LOQ)均为0.05 mg/kg。按照《农作物中农药残留试验准则》在全国12个地区开展规范残留试验,30%吡噻菌胺 ? 肟菌酯悬浮剂以推荐剂量有效成分270 g/hm2,于番茄灰霉病发生初期喷雾施药2次,施药间隔7 d (推荐的安全间隔期为5 d)。在分别于末次施药后5和7 d采集的番茄样品中,吡噻菌胺的残留量均低于0.26 mg/kg,肟菌酯的均低于0.33 mg/kg,均未超出中国制定的吡噻菌胺和肟菌酯在番茄中的最大残留限量 (MRL)值。根据田间残留试验结果、膳食结构和毒理学数据进行了长期膳食风险评估。结果表明:普通人群吡噻菌胺和肟菌酯国家估算每日摄入量 (NEDI)分别为0.1382和0.2645 mg,膳食风险商 (RQ)均小于100%,说明在推荐的良好农业规范 (GAP)条件下施用30%吡噻菌胺 ? 肟菌酯悬浮剂不会对人体健康产生不可接受的风险。     

The drug transporter MgMfs1 can modulate sensitivity of field strains of the fungal wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola to the strobilurin fungicide trifloxystrobin

BACKGROUND: The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) drug transporter MgMfs1 of the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J Schroeter is a potent multidrug transporter with high capacity to transport strobilurin fungicides in vitro. The data presented in this paper indicate that, in addition to the predominant cause of strobilurin resistance, cytochrome b G143A subsititution, MgMfs1 can play a role in sensitivity of field strains of this pathogen to trifloxystrobin. RESULTS: In a major part of field strains of M. graminicola (collected in the Netherlands in 2004) containing the cytochrome b G143A substitution, the basal level of expression of MgMfs1 was elevated as compared with sensitive strains lacking the G143A substitution. Induction of MgMfs1 expression in wild-type isolates upon treatment with trifloxystrobin at sublethal concentrations proceeded rapidly. Furthermore, in disease control experiments on wheat seedlings, disruption mutants of MgMfs1 displayed an increased sensitivity to trifloxystrobin. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the drug transporter MgMfs1 is a determinant of strobilurin sensitivity of field strains of M. graminicola.