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1.
A set of experimental introgression lines of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Novosibirskaya 67 (N67)—Triticum
polonicum L. line IC 12196 was developed using a small-scale bulk breeding method. The linkage map in chromosome 7A was constructed
using F2 hybrids of N67/IC12196 and 34 microsatellite markers. The P gene was flanked by the centromeric markers, Xgwm890 (18.6 cM) and Xbarc108 (20.0 cM) on the long arm of chromosome 7A. Among 124 introgression lines, 118 lines were hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42), and 6 were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28). Among hexaploid accessions, 68 were long-glumed, whereas 50 were normal-glumed. Thirty-four polymorphic microsatellite
markers were scored for either the N67 alleles or IC 12196 alleles in 124 introgression lines derived from N67/IC 12196. The
UPGMA dendrogram showed five clusters; Cluster 1 mainly contained hexaploid introgression lines with long glumes. Although
the alleles around the P locus were recombined with IC1296 alleles, the distal end of the chromosome contained N67 alleles. Cluster 2 mainly contained
normal glumed, hexaploid introgression lines. These predominantly had the N67 alleles on the long arm of chromosome 7A and
the short arm proximal to the centromere. Cluster 3 contained long-glumed, hexaploid wheat lines with relatively high level
of recombination. Cluster 4 contained non-parental alleles. Cluster 5 contained the group of tetraploid wheat lines. These
tetraploid lines have IC12196 alleles on both arms of chromosome 7A. The frequency spectrum of parental alleles and chromosomal
blocks among introgression lines suggested that T. aestivum – T. polonicum hybridization can rapidly give rise to a new landrace due to selective introgression of the P gene. 相似文献
2.
A. S. M. G. Masum Akond N. Watanabe Y. Furuta 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(1):133-141
Genetic diversity of a set of introgression lines of Triticum aestivum L./T. polonicum L. with long glume and T. petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch. were analyzed by Amplified Fragments Length Polymorphism (AFLP). Small-scale bulk breeding method was
applied throughout until F6 generation to develop the introgression lines. Thirty-eight hexapolid F7 plants with long glume phenotype and their parents were subjected to AFLP analysis by four primer combinations. A total of
47 polymorphic loci were detected between the parents, 15 of them were introgressed across the 38 lines. It was hypothesized
that approximately 50% of A or B genomes associated polymorphic loci were introgressed. The variation of introgression lines
was limited within the diversity between their parents, T. aestivum L. cv. Novosibirskaya 67 (N67) and T. polonicum L. cv. IC12196. N67 was closer to 38 introgression lines than that of IC12196. The UPGMA cluster and principal coordinate
analysis (PCO) grouping showed 0.84 to 0.98 similarity values between N67 and the introgression lines. Eleven T. petropavlovskyi accessions were distinguished from introgression lines with UPGMA clusters and PCO groupings, and T. petropavlovskyi was located between the introgressions lines and IC12196. Several introgression lines resembled with T. petropavlovskyi for awning and glume length. The genetic variation among 38 introgression lines was much wider than that of T. petropavlovskyi. We concluded that T. petropavlovskyi was established by intensive selection of hybrid between T. aestivum/T. polonicum. 相似文献
3.
Corinna Schmiderer Paula Torres-Londono Andrea Lutz-Röder Virginia K. Duwe Johannes Novak 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(7):1829-1838
In Arnica montana L. (Asteraceae) two subspecies are described, A. montana subsp. atlantica (AMA), present only on the Iberian Peninsula and A. montana subsp. montana (AMM) with a very wide distribution area. The morphological differences between the two subspecies are small and variable. Therefore, this concept is sometimes questioned. To establish the genetic background of the two subspecies, populations of AMA and AMM together with herbarium samples and DNA Bank material of AMM were tested with 12 microsatellite markers. A. montana propagates by seeds or by clonal propagation of its rhizome. In AMA, clonality was frequent while in AMM only one case of clonality could be identified. Therefore, further results were clone-corrected. Genetically, AMA separated very well from AMM with a GST between the subspecies of 0.81, genetically justifying the subspecies concept of A. montana. Genetic variability in AMA (Hexp?=?0.28) was lower than in the AMM populations (Hexp?=?0.70). A somewhat higher fixation index of AMA (FST?=?0.17, compared to an FST?=?0.08 for AMM) may indicate that geneflow in AMA is a bit more restricted than in alpine AMM. However, the fixation index of AMA is not deviating from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. No inbreeding was observed for AMA (FIS?=?0.10) and AMM (FIS?=?0.08). 相似文献
4.
Wild diploid Solanum species with an endosperm balance number (EBN) of one are a rich source of disease resistance, pest resistance, and tuber
quality traits. They are not sexually compatible with 4× 4EBN or 2× 2EBN forms of the cultivated potato. In this study, the
wild 2× 2EBN Mexican species S. verrucosum (ver) was used as a bridge species to access 2× 1EBN germplasm. Hybrids (V1) were created between ver as a female parent
and the 1EBN species S. cardiophyllum, S. chancayense, S. commersonii, and S. trifidum. Most of the V1 hybrids were successfully crossed as females to cultivated 2× 2EBN clones. However, due to stylar barriers,
reciprocal crosses were unsuccessful. Additional studies are underway to determine the effectiveness of ver as a bridge to
introgress specific traits from 2× 1EBN germplasm into the cultivated potato. 相似文献
5.
The principal economic species of the genus Melilotus are white sweet-clover (Melilotus albus) and the extremely similar yellow sweet-clover (M. officinalis). Although they are widely recognized as distinct species, some influential references in North America reduce the former to a subspecific rank or even merely a conspecific synonym of the latter. Given their importance and the large numbers of germplasm collections, the doubt needs to be resolved. This review of relevant published evidence finds that in addition to the difference in floral colour, the traditional segregation of the two as distinct species is best supported by very strong reproductive barriers as well as divergent DNA sequences in three barcoding genes. Additional but weaker confirmation of separateness is provided by studies reporting differences in external morphology, biochemistry, seed protein profiles, karyotype and DNA microsatellites. 相似文献
6.
Teodora Ivanova Mihail Chervenkov Tatyana Stoeva Stoyan Chervenkov Yulia Bosseva Almira Georgieva Elina Tsvetanova Albena Alexandrova Dessislava Dimitrova 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(5):1349-1357
Allium siculum Ucria is a perennial bulbous plant that occurs in Bulgaria as A. siculum subsp. dioscoridis (Sm.) K. Richt. The plant is locally known as “samardala”. Its herbage is used traditionally by local communities in Bulgaria as edible green and for preparation of salty spice mixtures. The study was focused on the documentation of traditional knowledge about samardala, covering local collection and cultivation practices, processing methods and consumption preferences. The respondents (aged 30–86 years, 50% over 65) were local producers and small-scale salesmen of the herbage and samardala-containing spices. To assess the health features of samardala spices the total phenol and flavonoid content was measured in home-consumed or marketed flavoured salts. Overall appreciation of the plant and related food products was found to be very high; presenting a considerable engagement of the locals in plant cultivation and gathering, laborious processing and consumption. Traditional ecological knowledge about the biology, phenology and ecology of the samardala plant and methods for its processing is still preserved by elderly people who rely mostly on their own cultivated plants. Although the introduction of modern appliances has altered the method of production, its main stages and the recipes are preserved. Modernization of the processing method has not affected the quality of the products and faster processing could be a contributing factor for the higher content of biologically active substances. Phenolic content was about twice as low as the flavonoid content, following the same pattern for all tested flavoured salts. Measures for better management of natural populations and promotion of cultivation practices of A. siculum subsp. dioscoridis would ensure the sustainable quality of traditional products as well as conservation of the natural plant resources. 相似文献
7.
Changes of gene expression played an important role in the evolution of plant allopolyploids. Frequency, time and type of
the changes of gene expression between the first two self-pollinated generations (S1 and S2) of a synthesized allotetraploid Cucumis × hytivus Chen et Kirkbride and in its diploid parents was analyzed with cDNA-AFLP and reverse-Northern blot technique. Sequences similarity
of genes involved in changed expression were also analyzed with BLAST package. The results from cDNA-AFLP analysis showed
that 36 (3.37%) genes showed silencing (27) or activation (9) in allotetraploids. These changes initiated in S1 or S2 generation. The silenced/activated genes included rRNA and protein-coding genes. Further reverse-Northern blot analysis validated
the results obtained. Thus four types of changes of gene expression were observed, including silencing of genes from both
parents, maternal parent, paternal parent, and genes novel expression. The results indicate rapid changes in gene expression
in early generations of C. × hytivus, which contributed to the evolution of this synthetic allotetraploid. 相似文献
8.
Gaetano Laghetti Girolamo Fiorentino Karl Hammer Domenico Pignone 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(8):1163-1170
In 1970s it was thought that two species of ‘farro’, namely emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) and einkorn (T. monococcum L.), were no longer present in Italy, but in 1981, some populations were discovered in a mountain area of the Appennino Sannita
(central southern Italy). In 2006/2007 three monitoring missions were carried out to check the current situation of these
ancient hulled wheats, specifically in the same areas where they were formerly collected. The same zones were also investigated
by both paleo-ethnobotany and agrobiodiversity points of view. The results of this research have shown that nowadays einkorn
is completely extinct while emmer is still cultivated in very few traditional farms, mainly as a fodder crop. A strong genetic
erosion was detected also for emmer and several nowadays samples were contaminated by seeds of modern spelt (T. spelta L.) varieties. In the present study the causes of this genetic erosion and which safeguarding actions to be undertaken are
discussed. 相似文献
9.
Pietro Zito Francesca Serraino Francesco Carimi Francesca Tavella Maurizio Sajeva 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(5):1329-1335
The wild grapevine [Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi] is the Eurasian dioecious ancestral form of mostly monoecious domesticated cultivars (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera). There are different hypotheses about grapevine pollination, varying from insect to wind pollination to spontaneous self-pollination. The aim of this paper is to update our knowledge on the biology of the wild grapevine by studying the insects visiting their inflorescences. During the fieldworks, floral visitors were observed, captured and identified. The most frequent insects visiting both sexes of wild grapevine were beetles (55%) followed by bees (45%). The present study shows that although in vineyards the wind may play a role in the cross-pollination, insects can contribute to the reproductive success of the wild grapevine. The knowledge of inflorescence-visiting insects, which potentially can act as pollinators may represent an important contribution to the conservation perspective of wild grapevine. 相似文献
10.
The recent treatment of Triticum by Mac Key (2005) (broad species concept) is compared to the classical treatment by Dorofeev et al. (1979, English translation expected) (narrow species concept). A detailed infraspecific treatment was abandoned by Mac Key. Following
his revision, names for many of the infraspecific taxa become obsolete. This is regarded to be a disadvantage for biodiversity
and genetic resources studies. We propose maintaining ×Triticosecale Wittm. as a nothogenus, with ×T. rimpaui Wittm. for octoploid races, ×T. neoblaringhemii A. Camus for hexaploid races and ×T. semisecale (Mac Key) K. Hammer et A. Filat. (new combination) for tetraploid races. 相似文献
11.
A simulation model of the 90Sr dynamics in the soil and stand components of deciduous forest ecosystems with a 1-day step was developed; this model was used to conduct numerical experiments to clarify the mechanisms of the 90Sr behavior. The algorithm allows one to take into account the effect of meteorological, phenological, and physiological factors on the behavior of the radionuclide and simulate different fallout conditions. The results of simulation can be used in the valuation of deciduous forest products. The model is applicable for studying the redistribution of calcium in the stand of deciduous forest ecosystems. 相似文献
12.
Maia Fradkin María Rosa Ferrari Víctor Ferreira Ezequiel Martín Grassi Eduardo José Greizerstein Lidia Poggio 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(2):231-237
Triticum–Thinopyrum amphiploids arose from the need to obtain forage grasses highly resistant to pest, drought, soil salinity and frost and they
can be used as efficient bridges to transfer desired genes from wheatgrass species to wheat. One of them is trigopiro SH16
INTA, it was introduced in Argentina in 1947 but its genomic composition was unknown. The aim of this work was to determine
the chromosome number and genomic and chromosome composition of trigopiro SH16 INTA in order to use it in breeding programs.
The simultaneous use of the in situ hybridization technique with different probes (genomic DNA of Th. ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth et D.R. Dewey, pSc119.2 and pAs1) allowed us to conclude that the chromosome number of trigopiro SH16 is
2n = 42 and the genome composition would be: 14 chromosomes of the B genome, the 2D and 4D chromosome pairs of wheat, 14 chromosomes
of the J genome of Thinopyrum and the remaining chromosomes probably belong to the A genome of wheat. 相似文献
13.
Nagib M. A. Nassar Dalva G. Ribeiro Nayra N. Bomfim Pollyanna T. C. Gomes 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(6):831-835
A new species of Manihot has been collected from Fortaleza, Ceará state, Brazil. It was grown at the living collection in the experimental station,
University of Brasilia since 1980 and left for natural reproduction. It bred true during all these years giving rise to identical
typical plants of the ancestor one. The closest species to it is M. glaziovii. Apparently this new species was formed by sporadic hybridization between M. glaziovii and cassava itself in its natural habitat, Ceará. It possesses morphological marker gene of the latter one which is ribbed
fruit that is found only in cassava. Interspecific hybrids produced experimentally between M. glaziovii and cassava showed similar morphological markers. Exam of its ovules revealed formation of multiple embryos, an indicator
of apomixis. Grafting it with common cassava was compatible, giving increased root size up to seven times. 相似文献
14.
Shangqin Hu Guiling Dong Xiaomin Chen Lulin Huang Xiao Yang Wen Tong Linhan Bai 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(4):547-555
The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was employed to analyze phylogeny of 20 populations, including the local cultivar
“Nanjiang”, belonging to 7 species of Lonicera L. 20 ITS sequences that we obtained range from 614 to 618 bp, and the G+C content was higher than 60% with the average value
63.5%. The sequences of 5.8S nrDNA was highly conservative in both length and component, while ITS2 had more variation than
ITS1 in sequence component and length. For the ITS complete sequence, the mutation and information sites were 139 and 117
with the content of 22.38 and 18.84%, respectively. The dendrogram analysed by neighbor-joining method showed that “Nanjiang”
and Lonicera similis Hemsl. comprised a same cluster with a higher bootstrap support, indicating “Nanjiang” would be a variation or subspecies
of L. similis Hemsl. The results of antibacterial activity test and active compounds identification showed that “Nanjiang” had the best
antibacterial activity and the highest yield of chlorogenic acid, the active component of Flos Lonicerae, in the six species
of Lonicera L. 相似文献
15.
Shohei Suehiro Katsuyuki Ichitani Eiji Domon Kenji Fukunaga 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(6):1559-1564
We genotyped Setaria italica Dehydration-responsive element-binding 2 (SiDREB2) gene, which had been reported to be associated with dehydration stress tolerance, in 588 accessions of foxtail millet from various parts of Eurasia and other regions by a dCAPS marker. Of these, 480 accessions were genotyped in ribosomal DNA (rDNA), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene and Heading date 1 (HD1) gene in our previous studies, and 108 accessions from India were newly used in this study and genotyped in these genes in addition to the SiDREB2 gene. We compared the geographical distribution of the SiDREB2 genotypes with that of these three genes. Accessions from countries in South Asia including India and Sri Lanka were the most variable in the SiDREB2 gene followed by Korean accessions and Japanese accessions, suggesting that Indian accessions and East Asian accessions are useful as genetic resources for dehydration stress tolerance. This study also showed that although Indian accessions are not so diverse in rDNA and in transposon display markers previously studied, they are diverse in adaptive genes such as SiDREB2, PPO and HD1 genes. 相似文献
16.
Portuguese wheat landraces, ‘Arrancada’ were collected from the Aveiro region, Portugal before the 1950s. We found in eight
accessions of `Arrancada' hexaploid wheat with the long glume phenotype. We assessed the comparative genetic diversity among
Portuguese `Arrancada' wheat and Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch. using AFLP assays and discuss the origin of long glumed `Arrancada' wheat. With the four primer pairs
a total of 4885 visible bands were scored corresponding to 99 AFLP markers as putative loci, of which 55 markers (54%) were
polymorphic. UPGMA clustering and PCO grouping showed that long glumed ‘Arrancada’ wheat and T. petropavlovskyi were genetically diverse. Long glumed ‘Arrancada’ hexaploid wheat separated into two clusters (groups) in both the UPGMA
dendrogram and in PCO analysis. Four long glumed accessions fell in the cluster of tetraploid wheat. A similar argument could
be made for another four accessions which belong to the cluster of hexaploid wheat. The substantial level of genetic variation
indicated that long glumed ‘Arrancada’ wheat and T. petropavlovskyi originated independently. It is most likely that the P-gene of long glumed ‘Arrancada’ hexaploid wheat was introduced from T. turgidum ssp. polonicum (L.) Thell. to T. aestivum via natural introgression or breeding. We suggest that the long glumed ‘Arrancada’ hexaploid wheat did not originate from
T. aestivum through spontaneous mutation at the P locus 相似文献
17.
Sylvia Plaschil Holger Budahn Michael Wiedemann Klaus Olbricht 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(5):1051-1059
Fifteen species and eight cultivars of the section Pelargonium (DC.) Harv., two species of the section Ligularia (Sweet) Harv. and three species of the section Cortusina (DC.) Harv. were tested for genetic distance to predict successful combinations of interspecific crossings. 156 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-bands and 485 double primer RAPD-bands were used for distance analysis. Combined with information on the ploidy level, species were clustered in the expected sections except Pelargonium hirtum (Burm. f.) Jacq., which clustered with the species of the section Cortusina. Different accessions of the same wild species showed a high conformity (67–98 %) comparable to the cultivars (66–70 %). 相似文献
18.
J. B. Morris 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(1):5-8
The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify potential new uses for perennial horsegram (Macrotyloma axillare) and horsegram (M. uniflorum) germplasm in the USDA, ARS collection. Seven morphological and yield parameters were studied in 11 M. axillare and 32 M. uniflorum accessions. A wide variation was found in stem branching, foliage, plant height, seed number, and seed weight. Leaf anthocyanin
indexes were significantly higher than control flowers from PI 345729. Phytochemical traits exist in both species for potential
use as nutraceuticals, forage, and food for humans. 相似文献
19.
Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.) is a perennial rhizomatous forage legume whose use is currently limited by difficulties in its establishment in part attributable to nodulation problems and very specific rhizobial requirements. A limited number of Kura clover-nodulating rhizobial strains are currently available and many have a limited effectiveness. In this study, 128 rhizobia were isolated from four sites in the center of origin of Kura clover (i.e., two in Azerbaijan, one in Armenia, and one in Northwest Iran) using the three ploidy levels of Kura clover (diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) plants as trap hosts. Rhizobia were fingerprinted using repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (BOXA1R primer) and their genetic diversity was measured using the Shannon-Weaver diversity index. The nodulation specificity and phenotypic diversity of a subset of 13 isolates was determined. Genetic diversity among the 128 isolates was large and similar for rhizobia grouped according to their geographic origin or original host plant. Phenotypic diversity was significant; percentage of similarity among 13 isolates ranging between 38 and 92%. Nodulation specificity of the Kura clover-nodulating rhizobial isolates studied was less complex and not as clearly delineated as previously reported. Some strains originally isolated from Kura clover could effectively nodulate more than one ploidy level of Kura clover and even one or both of two other Trifolium species (i.e., red clover and white clover). Three strains formed effective nodules on both Kura clover and white clover; however, none promoted plant growth of both species to levels currently obtained with commercial inoculants when evaluated in a growth chamber. Rhizobial isolates that are highly effective with both species have yet to be identified. 相似文献
20.
Briana L. Gross Marshall J. Wedger Marlyn Martinez Gayle M. Volk Cindy Hale 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(5):1317-1327
Apple (Malus?×?domestica Borkh.) trees, either abandoned or cared for, are common on the North American landscape. These trees can live for decades, and therefore represent a record of large- and small-scale agricultural practices through time. Here, we assessed the genetic diversity and identity of 330 unknown apple trees in northern Minnesota with 9 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The unknown (not identified by cultivar name) trees were compared to >?1000 named cultivars in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant Genetic Resources Unit Malus collection and also to each other to identify repeated genotypes. Overall, the 330 unknown trees had high diversity (average He?=?0.75), and consisted of 264 unique genotypes. A total of 76 of the unknown trees were matched to 20 different named cultivars, and these cultivars were mainly derived from either the local breeding program at the University of Minnesota, or were Russian cultivars imported for horticulture in the northern US. This study demonstrates the importance of local breeding programs, and also the challenges associated with identifying clones in a genetically diverse crop like apple. 相似文献