三种鹿属动物血清淀粉酶同工酶的电泳研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对３４头白唇鹿,５８头马鹿和１１头梅花鹿的血清淀粉酶同工酶进行了比较研究。结果发现：（１）３种鹿的血清淀粉酶都有ＡＭＹ１,ＡＭＹ２和ＡＭＹ３种同工酶,但白唇鹿ＡＭＹ１和ＡＭＹ２同工酶的相对迁移率小于马鹿和梅花鹿;（２）３种鹿的ＡＭＹ１同工酶都有ＡＭＹ１Ｆ和ＡＭＹ１Ｓ两种表型,以ＡＭＹ１Ｆ为优势表型（分别为６４．７１％,６８．９７％和８１．８２％）;（３）白唇鹿的ＡＭＹ２同工酶存在ＡＭＹ２ＡＡ,ＡＭＹ２ＡＢ和ＡＭＹ２ＢＢ３种表型,以ＡＭＹ２ＡＡ为优势表型（５０．００％）;（４）马鹿的ＡＭＹ２同工酶存在ＡＭＹ２ＡＡ,ＡＭＹ２ＡＢ,ＡＭＹ２ＢＢ和ＡＭＹ２Ｏ４种表型,梅花鹿存在ＡＭＹ２ＡＢ和ＡＭＹ２ＢＢ两种表型,以ＡＭＹ２ＡＢ为优势表型（分别为８９．６６％和９０．９１％）。     

Intra-uterine transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in subclinically affected red deer (Cervus elaphus)

AIM: To determine the rate of transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (M. ptb) from hind to fetus in utero, and the risk of transmission from dam to fawn via infected colostrum and milk in subclinically affected red deer hinds.

METHODS: Hinds were sourced from farms in Otago or Southland and selected for the study if they were positive to the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Paralisa) and exhibited no clinical signs of Johne's disease. The hinds (n=35) were sent to a deer slaughter premises (DSP; n=31) or were killed on-farm (n=4). All post-mortem samples were collected from the fetus first and then from the dam, taking care to avoid cross contamination between samples. Fresh samples (n=185) were collected for culture, and tissue samples (n=72) were collected from 24 hinds and their fetuses for histopathological examination.

RESULTS: A total of 24/35 hinds selected were suitable for inclusion in the study. Eighteen of these pregnant hinds were culture-positive for M. ptb, and 14 of these had culture-positive fetuses, representing a transmission rate of 78% (95% confidence interval (CI) =0.58–0.98) from dam to fetus. Of the 16 mammary glands sampled, 11 (69%) were culture-positive for M. ptb while 12/15 (80%) mammary lymph nodes sampled were also culture-positive.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a high rate of transmission of M. ptb from dam to fetus in red deer, and a potential risk of transmission to fawns suckling from mothers that are subclinically affected with Johne's disease.     

新疆塔里木马鹿遗传多样性的微卫星分析

利用5个微卫星标记对新疆塔里木马鹿遗传多样性进行了检测。统计了塔里木马鹿3个群体的等位基因组成、平均有效等位基因数(E)和平均基因纯合率(Rh),利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(h)、多态信息含量(PIC)。结果表明5个微卫星位点在库尔勒、阿拉尔和沙雅县塔里木马鹿3个群体的平均多态信息含量分别为0.5884、0.5754、0.5344,除微卫星位点BM5004外均为高度多态,可作为有效的遗传标记用于塔里木马鹿遗传多样性分析;塔里木马鹿三个群体总平均PIC、h、Rh和E分别为:0.5661、0.5995、0.4474和2.7。分析认为塔里木马鹿遗传变异度较高,遗传多样性相对丰富,具有较大的遗传潜力。     

Sarcoptic mange in red deer from Spain: improved surveillance or disease emergence?

Concern about emerging diseases has risen in recent years, and multihost situations have become increasingly relevant for wildlife management and conservation. We present data on Asturias, northern Spain, where 80 mangy red deer (Cervus elaphus) have been found since the beginning of the epizootic in chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) in 1993. We combine field and necropsy data with the results of a serosurvey using an in-house ELISA test to evaluate if deer mange due to Sarcoptes scabiei is an emerging disease in this area. The mean number of deer mange cases per year was 5, with a maximum of 16. No significant relationship was detected between monthly temperatures, rainfall or number of days with snow cover and the annual number of sarcoptic mange cases in red deer. Only 4 mangy red deer (5%) were detected outside the limits of scabietic chamois distribution during the same year, and all were less than 2500 m away from that limit. The longest distance reported between two consecutive mangy deer locations was 18 km. Mange cases were significantly more frequent in stags than in hinds and in adults than in juvenile deer. The time of the first mange detection in chamois in each sector, year with minimum number of chamois recorded, year with maximum chamois population decline rate and chamois density offered no significant correlation with red deer mange cases appearance moment and frequency. In the mange affected area, ELISA testing of 327 blood samples from hunter-harvested deer without obvious mange-compatible lesions revealed only 4 seropositive animals. All 83 sera from hunting preserves without clinical cases yielded negative ELISA results. According to these epidemiological data mange does not seem to threaten red deer populations in Asturias. However, continued monitoring of deer health and ELISA testing for sarcoptic mange is advisable.     

维生素E和硒对奶牛乳房炎的作用

维生素E和微量元素硒是重要的抗氧化物质,在保护机体方面有着不可替代的作用。越来越多的研究表明,奶牛乳房炎的发生与机体维生素E和硒（Se）的缺乏有关。本文综述了维生素E和Se在降低奶牛乳房炎发病率中的作用。     

青海藏羊,马鹿血清中HBsAg的检测

采用人乙型肝炎ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒，检测青海地区藏羊及马鹿血清中乙型肝炎表面抗原。结果：藏羊血清中ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率为１０％，马鹿血清中未查出。     

添加剂维生素E对鱼类的抗氧化作用及其机理

维生素E(vitamin E,VE)是当前添加剂研究的热点之一,维生素E具有许多生理作用,其中抗氧化作用是重要功能之一。VE能提高鱼类抗氧化应激能力,增强免疫抗病力,促进健康生长发育,提高成活率,对促进水产养殖业、生产卫生安全的水产品具有重要的意义。文中重点综述了VE对鱼类的抗氧化作用及其机理,同时,讨论了VE和硒的协同抗氧化作用,以便更深入地研究和有效地利用VE调控鱼类生长发育,促进渔业发展。     

中国野生马鹿资源的保护与利用

我国现存8个马鹿野生亚种:东北亚种Cervus elaphus xanthopygus、天山亚种C.elaphus songaricuss、塔里木亚种C.elaphus yarkandensis、甘肃亚种C.elaphus kansuensis、阿勒泰亚种C.elaphus sibiricus、西藏亚种C.elaphus wallichi、阿拉善亚种C.elaphus alashanmicus,它们的栖息地逐渐减小,仅分布于黑龙江、吉林、新疆、甘肃、宁夏、青海、四川、西藏、内蒙古和河北等地.由于栖息地遭到破坏和非法捕猎等原因造成野生马鹿处于濒危状态,种群数量较小,仅13万头,其野生状况均不乐观.野生马鹿种群对家养种群有着非常重要的价值和意义,野生与家养种群的优缺点互补,可促进家养种群健康发展,并保护、恢复野生种群,二者完全可以优势互补,相互促进.     

Selenium and vitamin E deficiency in pigs. II. Influence on plasma selenium, vitamin E, ASAT and ALAT and on tissue selenium.

The effect of dietary selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit. E) in pigs on Se and Vit. E in plasma and on Se in tissue from liver, heart, m. long, dorsi and m. psoas major was studied; and furthermore was the influence on the enzymes ASAT and ALAT studied.Two levels of Se were used, 0.03 and 0.06 mg Se per kg feed. Within each Se level 2 levels of Vit. E were used, 15 and 45 i. u. per kg feed. This resulted in 4 groups: 1. low Se and low Vit. E; 2. low Se and high Vit. E; 3. high Se and low Vit. E; 4. high Se and high Vit. E.Ten% of all pigs fed low Se, and 4% of the pigs fed low Se and high Vit. E diet died with severe symptoms of Se deficiency. None of the pigs fed the high Se diet died with such symptoms. Plasma Se determinations have been shown to indicate the Se status in pigs almost as accurately as liver Se determination. ASAT and ALAT enzyme determinations were not of any diagnostic value.There was a good agreement between dietary Vit. E level and the corresponding levels in plasma. Oxidized herring oil seems to enhance the Vit. E need.     

在母鹿饲粮中添加维生素E粉、不同硒添加剂对母、仔鹿的影响

本试验选择经产的梅花母鹿240头,随机分成4组,在基础饲粮中分别添加①维生素E粉加无结晶水亚硒酸钠,②维生素E粉加黄芪粉,③维生素E粉加大蒜泥,④空白对照组4处理.试验结果表明,母鹿经药物处理后,情期受胎率较对照组显著提高(P<0.01),但其中①组效果最好.①、②、③组仔鹿出生率和成活率显著提高(P<0.01),而母、子鹿患缺硒病率较对照组明显著降低(P<0.01),分别降低6.67%、11.11%.①、②、③组仔鹿患其他疾病率较对照组也显著降低(P<0.01).     

VE在硒缺乏动物自由基代谢中的作用

为探讨ＶＥ在硒缺乏动物自由基代谢中的作用及添加ＶＥ对自由基代谢的影响,本试验采用低硒（低于１０－９）、补ＶＥ（１０－４）日粮饲喂小鼠,并对动物增重,血液、肝组织内丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）及自由基（ＦＲｓ）水平进行了系统检测。试验发现,添加ＶＥ除可阻止缺硒所致的动物生长迟缓外,还可明显降低相关组织内ＭＤＡ的含量,但它并不直接影响Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ的活力。试验结果表明,ＶＥ主要通过对机体脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用及其对自由基所致膜结构损伤的修复而参与机体自由基代谢,在硒缺乏状态下,它能与硒协同作用而影响病程发展和疾病转归。     

日粮中添加Se和VE对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

为探索不同剂量的Ｓｅ和ＶＥ对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响,我们选用３２周龄罗曼蛋鸡７２只,随机分成６组。在基础日粮含Ｓｅ０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ基础上,添加Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３－ＶＥ粉,各组Ｓｅ的添加水平分别是每公斤日粮０、０．５、１．０、１．５、２．０、３．０ｍｇ,ＶＥ添加水平分别是０、４１．６６、８３．３２、１２４．９８、１６６．６４、２４９．９６ＩＵ。实验期８周。结果表明,添加１ｍｇ／ｋｇＳｅ、８３．３２ＩＵＶＥ组鸡产蛋率显著高于其他各组;各组鸡蛋重随Ｓｅ水平的提高有下降趋势,但差异不显著;蛋品质各组差异不显著。