兰州市动物园环尾狐猴的饲养管理

环尾狐猴(Lemur catta),是狐猴科狐猴属的一个种,具有较高的观赏展出和科研价值。主要分布于非洲南部的马达加斯加岛南部和西南部。本研究对甘肃省兰州市动物园的环尾狐猴进行了调查研究,主要从环尾狐猴的生物学特性,日常饲养,常见疾病的治疗等方面阐述了动物园中环尾狐猴的饲养管理,以提高环尾狐猴饲养的福利水平,为其生物学研究及饲养管理提供科学依据。     

台湾长鬃山羊饲养管理及常见疾病诊治

台湾长鬃山羊是台湾珍贵稀有保育类物种,于2011年4月入住威海刘公岛国家森林公园。台湾长鬃山羊作为大陆引进的新物种,在饲养管理和相关动物疾病诊疗等方面技术缺乏。本文以刘公岛国家森林公园内的4只台湾长鬃山羊为例,结合本园多年管理经验,将长鬃山羊的饲养管理和常见疾病及其诊疗技术进行归纳总结,为长鬃山羊在大陆的推广提供技术参考。     

施氮与株丛切割对退化新麦草草地的改良效果

本文研究了施氮肥和株丛切割对退化新麦草人草地生产性能的影响,结果表明,施氮肥和株丛切割提高了新麦草草地生产性能和生产力。此外,施氮肥可改善牧草品质及土壤牮氮能力。株丛切割和施氮肥（１２０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２）相结合与单施氮肥相比,成本较低,对退化新麦草草地的改良效果良好,年均产草量２６７９．５ｋｇＤＭ／ｈｍ＾２。     

播量与水肥耦合对河北秋闲田饲用谷子产量的影响

为研究不同播量与水肥(N、P、K)耦合效应对河北秋闲田饲用谷子(Setaria itlica)产草量的影响,以冀谷18为材料,采用五元二次回归正交旋转组合设计进行盆栽试验,通过建立饲用谷子干草产量(Y)与土壤含水量(x1)、N(x2)、P(x3)、K(x4)以及播量(x5)之间的数学模型,模拟寻优。结果表明,水分、播量、磷肥、钾肥等对产草量有重要影响,其中,水分对产量的影响最大,其次是播量、磷肥、钾肥;播量与水肥耦合的显著项及其强弱顺序为:水分+播量钾肥+播量氮磷耦合水氮耦合水磷耦合;其他各项没有明显影响。构建了数学模型Y=20 543.756-565.570x1-39.942x2-23.102x3-38.470x4-151.877x5+1.052x1x2+1.604x1x3+12.953x1x5-0.173x2x3+0.737x4x5-2.292x52,其决定系数R2=0.788,显著值Sig.=0.0000.01,差异极显著,FLf=0.464F0.1=2.193,失拟性不显著,表明该模型预测结果可靠程度较高。明确了以经济效益为考核指标的最优方案:土壤含水量保持10%、饲用谷子播量15kg/hm2。该方案干草产量为14 037.15kg/hm2,经济效益为13 887.15元/hm2,较最优组合增收3 288.98元/hm2,增幅23.68%。为秋闲田饲用谷子生产实践提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

低海拔异地育肥牦牛与本地杂交肉牛(秦川×西门塔尔)在不同非蛋白氮水平饲粮条件下血液生理生化指标及生长性能的差异

为探究异地育肥牦牛模式,本试验对比了低海拔异地育肥耗牛与本地杂交肉牛(秦川×西门塔尔)在同等条件下血液生理生化指标和生长性能的差异。将体重相近的8头1岁本地杂交肉牛(秦川×西门塔尔)和8头4岁青海牦牛各分为2组,每组4头,同一品种的2组试验牛分别饲喂低非蛋白氮饲粮[LNPN,饲粮中缓释尿素添加量为1.0%(干物质基础)]和高非蛋白氮饲粮[HNPN,饲粮中缓释尿素添加量为1.5%(干物质基础)]。预试期10 d,正试期50 d。结果发现:牦牛与肉牛均在LNPN条件下表现出最高的平均日采食量和最小的料重比。饲粮非蛋白氮水平未对牦牛与肉牛的血常规指标造成显著影响(P0.05),但是牦牛在各饲粮条件下中性粒细胞数目(Gran#)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞分布宽度标准差(RDW-SD)、平均血小板体积(MPV)和血小板分布宽度(PDW)显著高于肉牛(P0.05),而平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(M CHC)和血小板数目(PLT)显著低于肉牛(P0.05)。饲粮非蛋白氮水平未对肉牛和牦牛各项血清生化指标产生显著影响(P0.05)。牦牛在各饲粮条件下血清总蛋白(TP)、尿素氮(UN)、肌酐(GREA)、免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)和免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)水平均显著高于肉牛(P0.05)。牦牛在HNPN条件下的血清白蛋白(ALB)水平显著低于LNPN条件下(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,在肉牛和牦牛育肥饲粮中添加1.0%的缓释尿素替代饲粮蛋白质是可行的;低海拔异地育肥牦牛不会对牦牛健康产生不利影响。     

Effect of lactic acid bacteria‐treated King grass silage on the performance traits and serum metabolites in New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

This study examined the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici‐treated silage of King grass (Pennisetum purpureophoides) on the productive traits and blood biochemistry of New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits. King grass was ensiled without or with L. plantarum (T1), P. acidilactici (T2) and P. acidilactici + L. plantarum (T3). A total of 72 male NZW rabbits (6 weeks) of similar weight and appearance were housed in groups in metallic cages in a completely randomized design. The performance traits, daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed convention ratio were not affected by the silage treatment. Triglyceride and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration was increased (p < .05) in T2 (0.92 mmol/L) compared to the other treatments. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), phosphorous (P) and magnesium (Mg) increased (p < .05) in T1 (658.01 nmol/ml, 5.1 mg/kg and 2.43 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control and other experimental groups. Cu and Mn decreased (p < .05), while Zn increased (p < .05) in the treated groups compared to the control. The CP decreased (p < .05) in the treatment groups compared to the control. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) increased (p < .05) in T2 (54.40%) compared to the other treatments. The inoculation of lactic acid bacteria‐treated King grass silage supplementation positively affected rabbit performance and improved blood cholesterol profile, antioxidant status and improve nutrients digestibility.     

人工饲养条件下荒漠猫的饲养与繁殖管理

在人工饲养条件下,通过模拟野外栖息环境,加强科学饲养管理,成功繁殖荒漠猫的饲养管理方法和荒漠猫的发情、交配、妊娠、哺乳等繁殖行为。同时对在西宁动物园产下并成活的3只幼猫的体尺、体重、形态和行为的变化进行了描述。     

植酸酶对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、磷排泄的影响

本试验旨在研究植酸酶对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、磷排泄的影响,以确定植酸酶在斑点叉尾鮰饲料中的适宜添加量.选取初始均重为(1.74±0.02)g的斑点叉尾鮰幼鱼540尾,随机分成6个组,每组3个重复,每个重复放养30尾鱼.对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加300、500、1 000、l...     

Notes on the biology of juvenile Sparodon durbanensis (Pisces: Sparidae) from tidal pools in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The length/frequency distribution, length/mass relationship, seasonal occurrence, growth and diet of Sparodon durbanensis from tidal pools in the Eastern Cape was investigated over a two-year period. The fish were predominantly small (mean length of 53 mm TL) with the smallest specimens being found in summer. Juveniles were found to be omnivorous, consuming algae, crustaceans and polychaetes, although, with the acquisition of adult dentition (ie. crushing molars), hard-shelled molluscs became important in the diet.     

分蘖拔节期外施赤霉素对羊草光合和蒸腾作用的影响

利用人工模拟光源研究了分蘖拔节期外施不同浓度的赤霉素(GA3)对羊草光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用率(WUE)、气孔导度(Gs)及叶面饱和蒸气压亏缺(vpdL)随模拟光辐射(SPR)增强的变化规律.结果表明,羊草经赤霉素处理后单位叶面积的Pn下降,且随着处理浓度的增加而减小.各处理的Gs随赤霉素浓度的升高而 变大,均低于对照,VpdL随浓度的升高逐渐变大.25和50 mg/L两个处理的Tr值低于对照,其它浓度的处理Tr高于对照.25和50 mg/L的赤霉素处理可以提高WUE,25 mg/L处理的效果最明显,当浓度超过50 mg/L后随着浓度的增加羊草WUE逐渐下降.     

新版兽药GMP检查常见问题分析及改进建议

自2020年6月实施新版兽药GMP验收标准以来,对山东省验收兽药企业中发现的常见缺陷项,从质量管理、机构人员、厂房与设施、设备、物料与产品、确认与验证、文件管理、生产管理、质量控制与质量保证、产品销售与召回、自检共11个部分给予总结和归纳,对问题产生原因进行了分析,并提出改进建议,以期为兽药生产企业更好地实施GMP工作提供借鉴和参考。     

Fetal and lactational exposure to the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) dose of the neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin inhibits neurogenesis and induces different behavioral abnormalities at the developmental stages in male mice

Recently, it has been reported that neonicotinoid pesticides (NNs) are transferred from mother to child and are assumed to affect the next generation, but the behavioral effects of NN exposure at different developmental stages have not been investigated. We exposed mice to no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) doses of clothianidin (CLO) during the fetal and lactational period, and then evaluated the neurobehavioral effects in juvenile and adult mice. Significant increases in anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity were observed in juveniles and adults, respectively, and neuronal activity and neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were affected in both stages. These results suggest that fetal and lactational exposure to CLO may inhibit neurogenesis and cause different behavioral abnormalities at different developmental stages.