不同类型魔芋种芋的生长分析

通过对不同类型魔芋脱毒种芋的萌芽出苗特性、田间长势、分苗数、田间发病情况、产量、球茎膨大倍数、繁殖系数、生长周期等进行研究.研究结果表明,一级包衣种、二级种、三级种比原原种提前8～18天出苗;一级包衣种、二级种的分苗数较多;一级包衣种、二级种、三级种的田间发病率低于原原种,其中一级包衣种发病率最低,仅为7.4%.二级种、三级种综合性状较好.生产力水平高,膨大倍数高,可通过规模化生产得到大量种芋,解决生产中种芋缺乏的问题.     

铅山红芽芋茎尖脱毒组培繁育及高产栽培

通过茎尖脱毒组培繁育的红芽芋植株生长势强,子芋数量增多,产量、品质明显提高。应用这一技术繁育原原种、原种、生产种,是一项避毒增产的有效措施。     

铅山红芽芋茎尖脱毒组培繁育及高产栽培

通过茎尖脱毒组培繁育的红芽芋植株生长势强,子芋数量增多,产量、品质明显提高。应用这一技术繁育原原种、原种、生产种,是一项避毒增产的有效措施。     

魔芋种子繁殖技术

魔芋通常用地下球茎或芋鞭（根状茎）进行无性繁殖，繁殖倍数较低，一般仅有4～5倍。经过多年的总结研究，利用开花结实的实生种子作为繁殖材料进行繁殖，成本低，繁殖倍数高，种芋具有带病少、年龄低、膨大倍数大等优点，且方法简单易行。现将魔芋种子繁殖技术要点概述如下：     

袋栽金针菇产量的三个效应

在金针菇袋栽实践中,发现各袋之间产量悬殊较大,究其原因受三种效应影响,现分述如下:(一)所接菌种种级的效应种级指母种一级、原种二级、生产种三级.我校曾用二级种繁殖栽培袋共1140袋(A);另用三级种繁殖栽培袋共1500袋(B).接种7天后检查发现A菌丝吃料深为2.5cm,而B为2.1cm,相差O.49cm.接种30天后检查,A的接种块菌丝健壮,而B的接种块菌丝已消失,显得有些干瘪.接     

不同海拔魔芋专用肥应用试验研究

对不同海拔不同魔芋专用肥施用量对魔芋产量和发病率的影响进行试验研究,结果表明,随着海拔升高,发病率降低,海拔700m以上区域较适宜魔芋生长。施用魔芋专用肥的各处理鲜芋产量和膨大系数均高于不施肥（CK）,其中667m2施肥75kg为最佳施肥量,产量和膨大系数较高,发病率较低。播种种芋大小与出苗率呈正相关、与膨大系数呈负相关。     

甘肃庄浪定向选育出“庄薯3号”

<正>甘肃省庄浪县是陇东地区最大的种薯生产供应基地。该县以抗旱抗病、高产稳产、高淀粉等为育种目标,采用常规育种手段,结合脱毒快繁技术,定向系统选育出马铃薯新品种"庄薯3号"。庄浪县建立网棚原种基地230 hm2,年生产原种1 200万粒(6 800 t);建成一级种薯基地1 333 hm2,二级种薯基地5 333 hm2,年生产一、二级脱毒种薯20万t,可向省内和青     

优质脱毒马铃薯高产栽培技术

马铃薯是粮、菜、饲及工业原料兼用作物，其营养成分全面而均衡，市场开发潜力很大。脱毒马铃薯对马铃薯进行茎尖脱毒，通过组织培养生产原原种、原种进行推广，是一项有效的避毒增产技术。它具有无病毒感染、结薯早、膨大快、产量高、品质好等优点。脱毒马铃薯一般可增产30％-50％，（亩）产值千元以上，     

甘蔗温水脱毒种苗繁殖及配套种植技术

在工厂化生产甘蔗温水脱毒种苗的基础上,建立无病种苗圃——三级苗圃制,温水脱毒种苗通过一级、二级、三级专用种苗圃扩繁,由三级专用种苗圃直接为大面积生产提供无病种苗。同时,配套以地膜覆盖、配方施肥、化学除草、病虫害综合防治等高产综合栽培技术,可提高甘蔗温水脱毒种苗繁殖倍数和增产效能,降低生产成本,加快推广应用。     

组培脱毒嘉定白蒜原原种生产的技术关键点试验研究

以脱毒嘉定白蒜为试材，研究水肥供给对组培苗和组培鳞茎的生长及原原种质量的影响以及继代次数和组培鳞茎播期对原原种质量的影响，然后进行脱毒原种和常规蒜种的生产比较试验。通过水肥供给试验筛选出最佳处理组合（组织类型为组培鳞茎、32 孔穴盘、灌溉时间为30 min、补肥间隔为14 d）；15 代组培鳞茎相比8 代组培鳞茎更适合用于嘉定白蒜原原种繁育；相对晚播有利于提高原原种鳞茎中正常分瓣比例，但是显著影响鳞茎生物量的积累；在生产比较试验中，脱毒大蒜原种各项生长指标以及鳞茎质量均显著优于常规蒜种。试验结果为实现嘉定白蒜脱毒种苗的产业化提供了技术支持。     

Corm induction and multiplication of Amorphophallus albus in vitro

Summary

Amorphophallus albus, belonging to the family Araceae, has attracted widespread attention due to its considerable economic and medicinal importance. The natural propagation coefficient of A. albus is very low, which limits application of this crop. In vitro corms can be used for propagation of A. albus and have been proved to be superior over in vitro plantlets. To optimise procedures for in vitro corm production and multiplication, the effects of phytohormones, sucrose concentrations and incubation conditions with desirable phytohormone combinations for callus induction, corm formation and corm growth of A. albus were investigated. The results showed that calli were induced at high frequency from petiole segments on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l^–1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg l^–1 6-benzyladenine (BA). Compact nodular calli were desirable for corm formation, and optimum corm formation was obtained in the presence of 0.5 mg l^–1 NAA and 2.0 mg l^–1 BA. With this auxin and cytokinin combination, an increase in sucrose concentration from 2% to 6% (w/v) significantly increased the corm formation rate and favoured corm growth, but negative effects occurred at higher sucrose concentrations. By incubating over a range of temperatures from 19°C – 28°C, 22°C produced the largest numbers of corms and highest mean fresh weight of each corm. Short-day (8 h) or long-day (16 h) photoperiods did not affect corm formation and growth significantly, except that corm weight fell under long-day conditions. The multiplication rate of in vitro corms was enhanced by apical meristem wounding. It was possible to store in vitro produced corms at 4°C for as long as 90 d to overcome apical dormancy and accelerate sprouting after planting into soil. This work has established an efficient protocol for multiplication of A. albus through an in vitro corm system.     

魔芋组培快繁的影响因素

以万源花魔芋顶芽、球茎为外植体,比较不同激素浓度配比对外植体培养的影响,并进一步诱导试管微型芋。结果表明：顶芽是魔芋组培快繁的最佳外植体,腋芽产生频率高、速度快,较球茎分化不定芽的时间提早60 d左右|腋芽分化适宜培养基是MS + BA 2.4 mg?L-1 + NAA 0.1 mg?L-1,腋芽分化率90%|在增殖培养基中腋芽增殖系数达3.58|腋芽在MS + BA 0.5 mg?L-1 + NAA 0.01 mg?L-1 + 蔗糖50 g?L-1培养基中诱导形成微型芋,培养60 d的诱导率达90.9%。     

Prediction of saffron crocus corm mass by geometrical attributes

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is the most precious spice plant in the world. The only method for the reproduction of saffron is cultivation of corm. It is necessary to know relationships between mass and size of saffron corms in order to design and develop of planting, harvesting, grading and handling equipments. The objective of this research was to determine the most accurate models to predict saffron corm mass based on geometrical attributes. Models for predicting the mass of corms were classified as follows: (1) single or multiple variable regressions of saffron corm mass and dimensional characteristics, (2) single or multiple variable regressions of saffron corm mass and projected areas and (3) single regression of saffron corm mass based on its actual volume and calculated volume assuming the saffron corm shapes of sphere, oblate spheroid and ellipsoid. Three sets of corms were considered from Torbat-e-Heydareyeh, Kashmar, and Gonabad fields in Khorasan province of Iran. Some physical characteristics that were needed for the saffron corm mass modelling were determined for the three regions corms. The results showed that there were not significant differences between mean values of mass, height, major diameter, geometric mean diameter and projected areas of saffron corms for the three regions. However, there were significant differences between saffron corm minor diameter, volumes, corm density, bulk density and porosity for the three regions. Therefore, the mass of the corms was modelled based on the height, major diameter and projected areas irrespective to the regions, whereas in the third classification models, the mass of the corms was modelled for each region. The statistically significant fitted models were selected based on the higher coefficient of determination (r²) and lower regression standard error (RSE). The results of mass modelling showed that the prediction of saffron corm mass based on the major diameter (M = 0.0017a^2.5168, r² = 0.94, p < 0.05) and the first projected area (M = 0.0019 (PA₁)^1.2916, r² = 0.96, p < 0.05) were the most appropriate models. The model that predicted the mass of saffron corm based on the estimated volume of an ellipsoid shape was found to be the most appropriate. The developed models and data of physical characteristics of saffron corms could be used for designing and developing the saffron corm grader and other cultivation equipments.     

Temperature effects on corm dormancy and growth of Zephyra elegans D.Don

Experiments were performed with the Chilean geophyte Zephyra elegans, a potential cut flower, to evaluate the effect of corm weight and storage temperature on corm dormancy, and to determine the effect of day and night growing temperatures on its growth and flowering. Z. elegans has a deciduous and synanthous growth habit and the corm is replaced annually. Dormant corms were stored at different constant temperatures or temperature combinations from 20 to 40 °C. Corms released from their dormancy were grown at 15/10, 20/15, or 25/20 °C day/night temperatures. Corms of various weights were planted at the same date after being stored dry at 25 °C for 22 weeks. They all emerged 19–38 days after planting, showing that dormancy release was not affected by corm weight. A 20-week corm storage treatment at a constant 25 °C resulted in the most rapid corm sprouting. Sprouting percentage was reduced at higher or lower storage temperatures. Temperature also affected plant growth. When plants were grown at 15/10 or 20/15 °C they emerged and flowered more rapidly than when they were grown at 25/20 °C. The latter growing temperature also resulted in poor flower quality.     

In vitro corm production in Gloriosa superba L., an Ayurvedic medicinal plant

Summary

In vitro production of corms from Gloriosa superba L. using three kinds of explants: dormant, non-dormant corm buds and 30 d old in vitro derived multiple shoots is reported. Excellent responses was obtained in terms of corm production using MS medium supplemented with B₅ vitamins, 6% sucrose, 2iP, ADS and ANL for corm formation from dormant corm buds, using Kin, ADS and ANL for corm formation from non-dormant corm buds and using BAP, ADS and ANL for callus derived multiple shoot corm formation. Well developed corms were obtained from the tissue cultured plants with no dormancy breaking requirement.     

The mode of action of ethephon in increasing health of gladiolus corms

Gladiolus corms and cormels were treated with various combinations of ethephon and the fungicides methylethyl mercury benzoate, benomyl, thiobendazole and methylmercury dicyandiamide either before or after storage at 10 °C and 30 °C for 6 weeks. The treated corms were examined for germination, splitting and rot symptoms caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli.

Ethephon increased corm splitting in all treatments; it also increased germination in corms stored at 30 °C, and it increased the proportion of corms showing typical Fusarium rot symptoms by stimulating the growth of latent internal Fusarium. The effectiveness of the fungicides tested against F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli was enhanced by the addition of ethephon. Permeability of corms to methylethyl mercury benzoate was increased by ethephon, and it is concluded that ethephon improves the efficiency of this fungicide, and probably of other fungicides as well, by increasing their penetration into gladiolus corms.     

脂氧合酶对唐菖蒲籽球形成和膨大的影响

为探讨脂氧合酶(LOX-1)对唐菖蒲籽球形成和膨大的影响,以'Rose Supreme'和'Advanced Red'两个品种为试材,研究了籽球的生长发育与LOX-1活性,内源茉梨酸甲酯(MJ)、蔗糖、淀粉和纤维素含量变化之间的关系。结果表明,唐菖蒲叶片中测不到LOX-1活性,匍匐茎中LOX-1活性和内源MJ含量最高,籽球数量较多的品种'Rose Supreme'LOX-1活性和MJ含量显著高于'Advanced Red',说明LOX-1在唐菖蒲籽球形成和膨大过程中起着重要作用,其作用途径可能是通过影响茉莉酸类化合物(JAs)的生物合成对籽球的发生和生长进行调控。在唐菖蒲籽球生长发育过程中,新球和籽球中蔗糖、淀粉和纤维素含量都不同程度升高,并且与LOX-1活性呈正相关,说明蔗糖、淀粉和纤维素对唐菖蒲新球和籽球的形成和膨大起着重要作用。     

The Relation in the Apple Between the Development of Young Shoots and the Thickening of Older Stems.

Summary

As a crop new to the western world, opportunities for production of Chinese water chestnut have barely been exploited. In China, over the latitude range 21º to 34ºN it is planted in spring and harvested in autumn. Opportunitiesexist to extend its cultivation to new climates, where growth throughout the year is not constrained by low temperature, but may be constrained by photoperiod. To study the response of Chinese water chestnut to photoperiod, six experiments wereconducted intropical central Queensland. One set focussed on planting early in spring, with long-day treatments superimposed. Anotherset investigated autumn and winter plantings, also with superimposed long-days, and the third compared the performance ofChinese water chestnut under constant or decreasing photoperiods, ranging from 8.h to 20.h, in light-out chambers. Corm formation was strongly retarded by long days but promoted by the photoperiods which were shorter than a criticalmaximum. Thecritical photoperiod was between 12.0±12.5.h, below which corm formation was rapid, and above which it was non-existent, or minimal if combined with cool (<21º mean) temperature. Under short days, to the detriment of stem growth, significantly more dry matter was allocated to corms and rhizomes. The latter provided potential corm sites. The response of corm formation and rhizome production to photoperiods shorter than the critical was more pronounced the moreextended the treatment period. The data provide evidence for the ability to manipulate timing of harvest at the field scale to extend availability of fresh produce on the market.     

多子芋叶柄及芽色的多样性及芋形观察

介绍了多子芋种质资源叶柄及芽色的多样性 ,总结了多子芋的叶柄颜色及芽色的对应关系及芋形的一般规律。叶柄为绿色或紫色时 ,芽为白色 ;叶柄为乌绿色时 ,芽为淡红色。叶柄紫色类的子孙芋芋形最好 ,卵圆形 ,且表皮棕毛少 ;叶柄绿色类和叶柄乌绿色类的子孙芋芋形较叶柄紫色类差 ,其中 ,叶柄绿色类的子芋芋形一般为头大尾小的卵圆形 ,表皮棕毛较多 ;叶柄乌绿色类的子芋一般为长卵圆形至卵圆形 ,且表皮棕毛较多。 3种类型的孙芋一般为卵圆形 ,且表皮棕毛少。芋形指数基本上反映了芋的实际形状。