北京产果品供应链整合运作模式探讨

探索供应链管理思想在农产品经营实践中的应用已逐渐受到关注。本文以北京出产的果品为研究对象,基于对果品供应链所涉及生产、经营和消费等环节的相关节点主体进行的实地调研资料,结合对果业发展间接资料的系统分析,探讨了北京出产果品在市场供求对接实践中,业已存在和未来可供选择的供应链整合运作模式,其中包括“产地主导的都市农业模式”、“核心主体拉动模式”和“基于信息网络平台的节点协同模式”。同时,针对不同模式又简要讨论了各自特点及其在实践中应用的适应条件。目的是为参与北京产果品供应链管理的各方面相关主体提供管理借鉴和参考。     

大豆PHD家族蛋白的全基因组鉴定及表达特征分析

PHD（Plant Homeodomain Finger）基因家族编码一类锌指转录因子,广泛参与植物的生长发育和逆境应答过程。通过全基因组鉴定获得了95个大豆PHD家族蛋白。通过共线性分析、进化树构建、基因结构和功能结构域鉴定、GO注释分析、不同组织间和非生物胁迫下表达分析等,获得了大豆PHD家族基因复制、家族进化、保守结构域及基因表达等信息。结果表明,大豆PHD基因在家族进化、基因结构和保守结构域上存在较大变异,可能参与Zn ²⁺结合、DNA结合及表观遗传调控等分子过程,参与调控植物生长发育和逆境应答。这些结果为进一步研究大豆PHD家族在生长发育和逆境应答中的生物学功能提供重要线索。     

基于SWOT分析的石城县现代烟草农业发展策略探索

运用SWOT分析法对石城县发展现代烟草农业的优劣势及机遇和挑战进行系统论述,研究表明,石城县发展现代烟草农业在生态条件、生产经验、烟叶特色和农工商结合上具有优势,但在地形地貌、农田基础设施和耕地流转方面存在一定的劣势,从自身发展条件和宏观发展环境看,机遇大于挑战。为此研究有针对性地提出相应的发展策略建议,主要包括：以烟叶基地单元现代烟草农业建设为契机,优化烟叶生产环境,提升防灾减灾能力;鼓励耕地流转,推进烟叶规模化经营;以信息化建设为载体,提升烟叶生产组织管理水平;推进专业化分工,提高社会服务水平。进一步深化农工商合作,突出特色优质烟叶生产。     

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Efficiency of Business Process

Efficiency of business process has a direct impact on the performance of the enterprise, and accordingly it is also influenced by the multiple factors within the enterprise. The article, with a structured method, analyzed various kinds of problems in the operations of business processes, and illustrated the influences between and among strategy, organization structure, management pattern, human resource and technology, etc. As to the approach of influences of relevant factors on process, the article discussed a basic thought to implement business process improvement, and put for ward an integrated solution involving enterprise strategy planning, business process, and organizational facilities. Meanwhile, a concise analysis was made on relationship between process analysis and informatization. It was given that business improvement was a fundamental and important part of the informatization of the enterprise.     

家庭农场效益及评价研究

家庭农场是中国现代农业发展的重要经营主体,是新一轮农村改革的标志性新生事物。家庭农场效益是其可持续发展的关键,需要重点关注。通过从不同区域范围、不同经营内容两种视角梳理家庭农场效益研究,并从家庭农场效益的评价方法和指标选择两方面对家庭农场效益评价研究进行评述,提出了发达地区和不发达地区发展家庭农场的具体思路,南方地区和北方地区不同类型家庭农场的适宜发展规模,以及完善家庭农场评价体系的相关建议,以期促进家庭农场的可持续发展,推进中国现代农业的转型升级。     

天然橡胶国际投资发展潜力评估——以科特迪瓦为例

[目的］为给中国天然橡胶产业“走出去”提供科学参考,[方法］拟以国际投资理论和产业发展理论为支撑,构建橡胶种植业国际投资发展潜力评价体系,对科特迪瓦天然橡胶产业发展潜力进行评估。运用因子分析法得出影响天然橡胶跨国发展的关键因素,并进行综合评价。[结果］结果表明,较好的天然橡胶产业发展基础,较高的资源潜能开发度,广阔的经济发展前景对橡胶种植业国际投资有积极的推动作用。[结论］从评价的得分来看,虽然科特迪瓦天然橡胶产业发展环境存在不稳定性,但总体呈现向上的发展态势,中国天然橡胶产业在非洲的投资可以优先选择科特迪瓦作为主要投资目的地。     

Optimal model on integrated production planning andscheduling of steelmaking and continuous casting process

Considering the uncertainty and complexity of production planning and scheduling in steel making and continuous casting, an optimal simulation model is built. Based on the analysis of the logistics in steelmaking process, the casting plan is regarded as the global goal, and the procedural information is taken into account, as well as the local evolution rule that abstracted from scheduling rule. To simulate transferring of materials in the process, the state of operation sites are updated as a result of the global goals, process information and local rule. The goal directed simulation is carried out based on the self organization evolution mechanism. Finally, an optimal integrated production plan is made by a continuous simulation evolution. A simulation case for eight hours production plan shows that the model is valid and efficient.     

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)a-淀粉酶基因的进化及组织表达模式

α-淀粉酶在植物特别是谷类萌发种子淀粉降解中具有重要作用。水稻α-淀粉酶基因的结构、进化和表达研究已有报道,但是,多集中于OsAmy1和OsAmy3这两个亚族内基因间以及发芽种子中。不同亚族间的基因结构、进化及更多组织和时期的表达特点尚缺乏细致研究。本研究通过TblastN同源性比对及保守结构域分析揭示水稻基因组含有11个α-淀粉酶基因。生物信息学分析、系统进化树构建及半定量RT-PCR分析表明,该家族基因在结构上发生了明显的分化,具有清晰的进化层次,OsAmy5A和OsAmy4A是家族中较原始状态的基因;在表达和功能上也发生了明显分化,进化水平较高的基因发生了明显的时空表达特异性分化。OsAmy1A、OsAmy3A及OsAmy3D和OsAmy3E分别在保证种子植物世代传递、维持种子休眠过程中胚的微弱生命活动及保证种子萌发过程中能量的稳定持续供应上具有重要作用。     

中国草莓生产贸易形势与可持续发展对策分析

世界范围内频繁的草莓贸易和成功加入世贸组织为中国草莓产业发展提供了新的机遇。在对中国草莓生产现状和贸易形势的分析的基础上,提出通过中国草莓优势特色产区建设,发展绿色无公害草莓生产;培育强大的草莓加工业和高效流通渠道,实现产业化经营以及加快生产经营主体培育等策略的实施,保证中国草莓产业走可持续发展之路。     

The E‐economy and the Rise of Technocapitalism: Networks,Firms, and Transportation

ABSTRACT The e‐economy is part of a larger phenomenon, technocapitalism, that is transforming business organizations and the ways in which they transact, produce, and ship their goods. Technocapitalism is an evolution of market capitalism that is rooted in technological innovation and supported by such intangibles as creativity and knowledge. This paper considers first the main characteristics of networks that support the e‐economy and its source phenomenon, the emergence of technocapitalism. Networks are thought to be the main vehicle through which the e‐economy spreads, and they have major effects on the organization of business firms. The culture of technocapitalism, with its emphasis on continuous innovation and rapid adjustment, is largely behind the rising importance of networks. A second section then considers the deconstruction of business firms and its relation to networks, the e‐economy, and the rise of technocapitalism. A historical perspective is provided to show the contrast with previous eras. The deconstruction of business organizations involves a major transformation of the norms and ways in which firms are run and structured. Finally, the likely implications for transportation and shipping of the rise of the e‐economy, its networks, and the deconstruction of firms are discussed. The logistics, pricing, and infrastructure of shipping are likely to be substantially affected by the spread of the e‐economy, its networks, and the deconstruction of firms.     

陆地棉KFB基因家族全基因组鉴定与表达分析

【目的】KFB(Kelch containing F-box protein)是普遍存在于各种生物体中含有F-box结构域的一类家族蛋白,参与众多生物过程。本研究旨在开展陆地棉KFB家族基因鉴定和表达分析。【方法】利用生物信息学方法从陆地棉(TM-1)基因组中鉴定KFB家族成员,与已知的拟南芥、水稻、大豆等KFB蛋白序列构建系统进化树;进一步针对第Ⅱ亚族进行基因结构、染色体定位和表达分析。【结果】从陆地棉基因组共鉴定出150个KFB家族成员,进化分析表明这些基因可分为7个亚族。陆地棉KFB第Ⅱ亚族24个基因分布在14条染色体上,有9对直系同源基因;该亚族基因结构简单,半数基因只有1个外显子;qRT-PCR结果表明,该亚族基因具有较为广泛的组织表达模式,但在不同组织的表达存在差异。【结论】这些结果显示陆地棉KFB第Ⅱ亚族基因在进化过程中出现了功能分化。     

A typology of agricultural production systems: Capability building trajectories of three Asian economies

Analysing the agricultural sectors of Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore, this paper examines the capability‐building process that encourages productivity and innovation. It describes and explains the origins and subsequent evolution of three forms of agricultural production system, each generating different farming capabilities and distinct forms of competitive advantages. The paper argues that Taiwan's rice‐oriented agricultural production system stimulates both productivity and innovation, helping Taiwanese farmers raise their income level and living standards. The active deployment of state institutions and a malleable labour force, evidenced in the Malaysian palm oil industry, is effective in raising farming productivity but not the ability to innovate. Singapore's aquaculture‐oriented agricultural production system is somewhat useful in stimulating productivity and innovation. Yet the city‐state's inherent lack of space and open international trade regime have circumscribed the potential of its aquaculture industry. It now relies on the regional ethnic Chinese business networks to expand the aquaculture industry's knowledge base and its industrial commons. The principles discussed in this paper provide policy lessons, or at least some initial guidance, for other developing economies aspiring to modernise their agricultural sector.     

毛竹GMD基因家族全基因组鉴定与表达分析

GDP-甘露糖4,6-脱水酶(GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase,GMD)是生物体内参与多糖合成代谢的一个重要基因.本研究利用毛竹全基因组和转录组数据信息,对GMD基因家族进行细致分析,共鉴定出39个家族成员.毛竹GMD各家族基因的理化性质有一定差异,但所含甘露糖4,6脱水酶结构域进化相对保守.进化...     

Runoff generation: Assessment of relevant factors by means of soil microtopography and micromorphology analysis

Surface degradation of a silage maize field was studied under moderate topographic and climatic conditions. Spatial organization of the depositional crust and the underlying horizons was performed on 1 m² plots by means of three approaches: threedimensional microtopographic analysis; micromorphological analysis (constituents, fabric and pore space distribution) of the depositional crust and the underlying horizons; study of the physical properties of these different layers. Different pedological volumes are defined according to their constituents and pore space organization. A conceptual scheme of the spatial distribution of these volumes in relation to microtopography is proposed. Their spatial and temporal evolution during winter is discussed.     

THE EFFECT OF THE CONVECT1VE HEAT TRANSFER IN THE ENTRANCE REGION OF THE TUBE ON THE HEAT TRANSFER IN THE TRBE -MOUTH REGION OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE HEAT EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT

The effect of the convective heat transfer in the entrance region of the tube on the temperature field and the maximum temperature of the tube material in the tube -mouth region of the high temperature heat exchange equipment is examined by numerical analysis. The computations on the basis of four different formulas for convection heat transfer coefficient are performed. The computed results indicate that the efect can not be ignored as for heat protection of the tube -mouth region and it is resapnable and secure that the mean convective heat transfer coefficient with taking account of the effect of the entrance region is used in the thermal design of the tube -mouth region.     

加快发展广东农业产业化经营的路径探讨

广东省农村居民人均纯收入与城镇居民人均可支配收入的差距从1989年以来呈连续扩大的趋势,已成为广东构建和谐社会和率先基本实现现代化的“瓶径”。实践证明农业产业化经营是中国农业经营体制的重大创新,是实现中国各地农村经济结构战略性调整、农业增效农民增收的重要路径之一。笔者在深入分析广东省农业产业化经营的现状和存在的问题后,提出了大力扶持农业产业化龙头企业、引导农业龙头企业与农户建立紧密型利益联结机制、积极引导农业龙头企业创办农业产业化生产基地、积极培育农民专业合作经济组织、设立政策性的贷款担保基金和农产品保险基金等路径     

Technology Clusters versus Industry Clusters: Resources,Networks, and Regional Advantages

ABSTRACT The tendency of firms to cluster within a region has been observed for quite some time. However, it is only over the past two decades that business researchers have focused much attention on clusters, particularly in terms of their entrepreneurial and innovative characteristics and potential. At the same time, regional developers around the world have put much effort in promoting the formation of clusters. A gap in such efforts is an understanding of the differences among types of clusters. This article draws a distinction between two generic types of clusters: technology‐based and industry‐focused. Using the resource‐based view as the organizing framework, we argue that the two generic cluster types create very different regional resource profiles over time, accumulating resources in a different manner, cultivating different capabilities, and deriving different sources of regional advantage. As concluded in the study, these differences are likely to have implications for firms located in the regions as well as for economic developers and public policy officials charged with developing cluster strategies.     

基于DEA模型的中国水产上市公司经营绩效评价研究

为了提高水产上市公司经营绩效和盈利状况。本研究运用数据包络分析(DEA)中的CCR模型和BCC模型对水产行业15家上市公司的技术、纯技术、规模效率进行了分析。结果表明：水产行业15家上市公司的综合效率值偏低,纯技术效率值较高,规模效率值偏低。并根据以上评价结果,结合水产行业现状,提出了培养龙头企业、使渔业增长方式由粗放式向集约式转变和优化产品结构等政策建议。     

Local Industry Agglomeration and New Business Activity

New businesses are highly involved in innovative activity, which enhances worker productivity and leads to increased economic output. This paper investigates the effects of industry concentration on the incidence of new business openings in the 5,504 Maine county‐industries. Empirical findings indicate that new business activity increases with the number of incumbent establishments in a county‐industry and its concentration level relative to the U.S. economy. Model simulations show that raising county‐industries, with no initial industry presence, to concentration levels similar to that of the industry in the U.S. economy results in a 1.7 to 8.9 percent increase in the expected number of business openings over a three‐year period. Empirical results also suggest that industry clusters comprised of young and small establishments are more conducive to new business formation than clusters made up of mature and large companies.