基于主成分和GIS 的关天经济区区域经济空间分异研究

在关中-天水经济区＂一核、一轴、三辐射＂的空间发展战略基础上,对经济区县域生产要素禀赋和生产技术水平等基本特征进行综合评价,据此划分区域并进行各区产业功能定位,以期为促进产业整合与升级和优化区域经济结构提供科学依据。运用多元统计的主成分分析,对研究区65个区（县）经济发展状况进行综合评价;运用区域分工指数和区位商衡量各县之间的产业集聚趋势,采用层次聚类法和GIS空间分析将经济区划分为5个区域;最后提出促进经济区地区分工及一体化,统筹区域经济发展的对策建议。     

The Influence of Agglomeration Externalities on Manufacturing Growth Within Indonesian Locations

Differences in agglomeration externalities and industrial regimes between locations generate performance differentials for their localized economic activities. For more than two decades, scholars have debated which externality is dominant for growth and under which regime. This study aims to resolve this debate by analyzing the influence of agglomeration economies on the growth of five‐digit manufacturing sectors and firms for Indonesian cities and regencies between 2000 and 2009. This is investigated employing the recent reconceptualization of variety based on sectoral linkages distinguishing related and unrelated varieties, which allow assessing their idiosyncratic economic roles. The findings support that economic relatedness is the dominant source for expansion of sectors and firms within Indonesian locations. Specialized clusters and competition are inversely related to manufacturing growth, although the latter fosters sectoral employment within Indonesian regencies. Population density and human capital show antithetic effects between cities and regencies due to their distinctive urbanization trajectories and industrial compositions.     

Industrial Structure and the Sources of Agglomeration Economies: Evidence from Manufacturing Plant Production

The impacts of agglomeration and local industrial structure are examined through an analysis of establishment‐level productivity. Using micro‐level data, measures of regional industrial specialization, economic diversity, and industrial competitive structure are incorporated together into a production function system estimated cross‐sectionally for three years and three manufacturing industries in the U.S. The findings demonstrate the importance of the influences of regional industrial competitive structure and diversity on performance.     

The Growing Economic Specialization of Cities: Disentangling Industrial and Functional Dimensions in the Canadian Urban System, 1971–2006

Decreasing spatial transaction and trade costs have given rise to growing economic specialization of cities. While most studies focus on industries as the primary manifestation of urban specialization, a growing body of literature examines occupational functions, i.e., activities and tasks performed within a given industry or firm. This paper explores how the two dimensions (industries and functions) interact across the urban system and their relative importance over time. Is there a trend toward increasing functional specialization in the Canadian urban system? How much of this phenomenon is attributable to spatial shifts in regional industrial structures as opposed to spatial divisions within industries? The paper uses a unique data set drawn from Statistics Canada Census microdata files between 1971 and 2006. Based on the employed population, the data are spatially organized and cross‐tabulated over industries and occupational groups. A decomposition methodology is used to compare the relative weights of industry and regional (functional) effects in accounting for the changing spatial division of functions across Canadian urban areas. Clear patterns of increasing functional specialization are found within the Canadian urban system. Regional effects are generally greater than industry effects, suggesting that spatial divisions of functions (spatial shifts within industries) are progressing more rapidly than regional shifts in industrial structure.     

Regional Growth Dynamics in the Service Sector: The Determinants of Employment Change in UK Regions, 1971–2005

There is a need to better understand the dynamics relating to the evolving economic structure of regions, in particular factors concerning deindustrialisation and the growth of services. In order to unpick the dynamics relating to contemporary regional evolution, this paper examines regional employment in the UK's services sectors from 1971 to 2005. The analysis utilises the statistical technique of multi‐factor partitioning to examine the evolutionary dynamics of employment change in the UK service sector. Overall, differing growth trajectories in services employment across regions appear to be the result of the different underlying industrial structures observed within the regions themselves. The findings indicate that the industrial structure of a region has a significant influence on employment change in services, with related variety being of greater consequence than specialisation. This suggests that diversity, or urbanisation, effects have a greater influence than specialisation effects on “lighter” industries than “heavier” industries. Spatio‐temporal variations within the development of services are evident in the analysis, and there is evidence of convergence across the regions for all sub‐sectors examined. It concludes that in an increasingly services‐dominated economy, diversity and related variety have some weight in explaining regional development paths.     

American fertility and industrial restructuring: a possible link

Despite the fact that economic and demographic factors conventionally are considered to be integrally related, researchers have overlooked recent changes in the structure of the American economy that may have affected fertility in the US. This article seeks to raise questions and explores the possibility that recent processes of industrial restructuring have created new employment patterns and socioeconomic conditions which have influenced American fertility positively. Specifically, conditions of underemployment and unemployment, generated by the service and manufacturing sectors, may be conducive to increased fertility.     

The launch and evolution of a technology‐based economy: The case of Austin Texas

This paper uses the lens of institutional theory to explain the launch and evolution of Austin, Texas's technology‐based economy. The case underscores the importance of context, contingency, and the evolution of key local development organizations in explaining how regional economic development trajectories can change and evolve. The case history provides insights into how economic development networks form and operate to “set off” processes of industrial specialization and agglomeration and how they can promote successful adaptation to change in technology and industrial structure. The Austin story further suggests a “stage” process of regional technology‐based evolution where the development of industrial agglomerations linked to a substantial local research base is seen as a necessary precursor to increasing endogenous innovation and start‐up activity. Successfully navigating these stages is bolstered by the formation of institutions and networks that are durable, strategic, and adaptive, and which, at the right time, recognize and support entrepreneurial firm development to help sustain technology‐based growth.     

莆田枇杷产业链的成功经验给福建省药用果树产业链发展的启示

摘　 要：本文通过分析莆田枇杷产业链的发展的成功经验,提出发展福建药用果树产业链应该向规模化、区域化和专业化的联合体生产方向发展;用精深加工来延长此产业链;产品可以鲜食、保健品和药品等多种形式销售;产业链的形成、发展和延伸,带动相关产业的发展,从而实现产业效益、社会效益和经济效益的提高。     

The Changing Regional Structure of the U.S. Economy

This paper utilizes newly available industry-specific historical measures of Gross Regional Product to highlight the changing regional structure of the U.S. economy between 1963 and 1986. During this period, the percentage of U.S. output produced in the eight different regions changed significantly. The largest changes occurred in the Great Lakes (?3.65 percent), Mideast (?3.32 percent), and Southeast (+3.64 percent). Four major industry sectors (Agriculture, Mining, Construction, and Government) declined in relative importance in all eight regions. Five major industry sectors (TCPU, Retail Trade, Wholesale Trade, FIRE, and Services) expanded in relative importance. Somewhat surprisingly, Manufacturing output expanded for the U.S. as a whole and for six of the eight regions. The perception of decline in the relative importance of manufacturing in the U.S. is clearly based on the dramatic declines in the once dominant manufacturing base of the Mideast and Great Lakes regions.     

How does industrial agglomeration affect regional innovation? A spatial econometric analysis

This study empirically investigates the direct and indirect (spillover) effects of three types of industrial agglomeration with different cognitive distances, namely, industrial specialization, industrial related variety, and industrial unrelated variety, on regional innovation. Accordingly, we applied the concepts of related and unrelated variety and used spatial econometric analysis. Based on panel data of 283 Chinese cities from 2004 to 2016, the empirical results reveal that both industrial specialization and industrial related variety significantly improve regional innovation and produce positive spatial spillover effects on the surrounding regions. However, industrial unrelated variety has a significant negative impact on regional innovation and produces a negative spatial spillover effect on the surrounding regions. Moreover, the direct and indirect effects of the three types of industrial agglomeration on regional innovation between China's coastal and inland cities. The findings have important theoretical and policy implications.     

甘肃省区域经济空间结构差异分析

基于甘肃省1999—2012年相关经济数据,借助基尼系数、多元回归等方法分析影响自西部大开发以来甘肃省区域经济差异的因素,结果表明：甘肃省三大产业结构以及区域支柱产业和资本投资规模是造成区域经济发展不平衡的主导因素;由于甘肃省贫困地区主要分布在甘肃中南部,缺乏支柱产业、交通不便、资源匮乏,产业结构单一,导致经济发展相对缓慢,带动能力较弱。由此,提出加快中心-外围一体化进程,促进区域经济发展;统筹规划产业空间布局,实现区域合作;完善区域金融与政策投向,缩小区域经济差距等优化对策。     

A Note on Localization and Specialization

ABSTRACT Analysts and policy makers frequently measure industrial localization and regional specialization. However, they rarely examine the nation's full array of industries or regions. So local indices, appropriate for specific industries or selected regions, are typically estimated. But in some instances global indices would be preferable in order to assess the wider features of the entire space‐economy. This article constructs global indices from the local indices already used in assessing localization and specialization. Global localization and global specialization are shown to be identical when all local indices use the dissimilarity logic. Two‐digit standard industry codes manufacturing data, taken from the U.S. during 1958–1995, are used to illustrate the results. The values of these global coefficients, like their local constituents, are shown to vary with geographic scale. The discussion addresses spatial distributions (evenness) but not geographic arrangements (clustering).     

中国海洋产业结构的系统分析与海洋渔业的可持续发展

2005年中国海洋产业总产值已达全国GDP的9.3%,海洋产业增加值已达全国GDP的4.0%。此文应用灰色关联分析剖析了2001—2005年间中国海洋产业结构中的主导产业,其顺序为旅游业、渔业、交通运输业等;应用主成分分析揭示了2004年沿海诸省海洋经济综合实力在全国的地位,前3名是：上海、天津、广东;应用区位熵分析确定了2004年沿海诸省的优势海洋产业,如：上海的优势产业有：交通运输业、旅游业、船舶业。根据上述分析,中国海洋渔业的发展趋势是：2005—2020年间近海鱼类捕获量继续保持零增长,海水养殖量年均增长3.7%,远洋捕捞量年均增长6.4%。     

基于产业集群视角的云南特色农产品发展研究—以地理标志产品文山三七为例

鉴于产业集群在产业竞争能力方面的优异表现,集群战略已经成为国内外许多政府实施区域开发的重要战略举措。本研究以云南省产业集群推动区域特色农产品发展的成功案例-文山三七产业为样本来剖析产业集群推动区域特色农产品发展的成因、作用,并总结其经验为推动我省丰富的区域特色农产品跨越式发展提供参考。     

Optimizing Countermeasures and Analysis on Grey Relationship about the Structure of Industrial Investment of Chongqing

With the increasing contradiction of structure of industrial investment in Chongqing,this article has analyzed the relationship between its industrial investment and economic growth by the theory of grey system,discovering the mismatch between industrial structure and investment structure,the existing phenomenon of "off-manufacture" and the irrational investment structure in the three industry respectively.Then in order to develop the industry of Chongqing positively,it points out some countermeasures such as optimizing the investment between primary and secondary and tertiary industry and the investment in the above industry,strengthening investment in manufacture in Chongqing to avoid hollow of industry.     

Sources of Output Change in the U.S. Economy

Output changes in the U.S. economy from 1972 to 1977 are analyzed using a 477-sector input-output framework. The empirical model is based on benchmark data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Commodity output changes are attributed to technical change, import substitution, changes in domestic final demand, and changes in export demand. Special attention is given to the importance of international trade and the patterns of change observed in rapidly growing and declining sectors. The results indicate that 71 percent of the sectors lost domestic market share to imports, but on balance international trade contributed to positive output change through increased exports. Technology changes became increasingly important in sectors of the economy experiencing either rapid growth or decline. Conversely, final demand, exports, and import substitution generally appeared to be most important in the slowly changing sectors. These findings confirm and expand on earlier work that indicated a dominant role for technology changes in explaining output changes in emerging and declining industries.     

云南省肉羊产业发展现状及比较优势分析

本研究分别从生产、消费、价格波动以及贸易等角度对云南省肉羊产业的发展现状进行分析.在此基础上,采用定性与定量相结合的方法分别从产业基础优势、区位商、产业集中度及专业化系数等多方面对2008-2019年云南省肉羊产业发展的比较优势进行较为深入的研究.结果 表明,云南省肉羊产业区位商得分均在1以上,且表现为逐年增强的趋势;...     

The Influence of Industrial and Spatial Structure onCanada-U.S. Regional Trade

Data on trade flows between states and provinces in the year 1992 are analyzed in order to explore the regional structure of Canada–U.S.trade. An index of integration based on the these data shows significant variation in levels of interdependence across pairs of regions on opposite sides of the border. Most of this variation appears to stem from patterns of intermediate goods trade. Further analysis is conducted to distinguish between pairs of regions with similar industrial structures which are highly integrated due to intra-industry trade and pairs with complementary industrial structures that are highly integrated due to inter-industry trade. The friction of distance appears to play a major role in distinguishing between these two types of relationships. Specifically, trade can be quite strong between regions with similar industrial structures, but this trade tends to be limited to regions in close geographic proximity. As the distance between regions increases, trade based on different but complementary industrial structures becomes increasingly dominant.     

辽宁省种子产业化发展现状及对策分析

摘 要：规范和加速辽宁省种子产业化发展,提升产业竞争力是一个亟待解决的问题。本研究采用文献研究、比较分析、因果分析和SWOT分析的方法分析辽宁省种子产业化的发展现状。结果表明：目前辽宁省种子市场销售额在30亿元以上,良种推广面积稳步增长,种子生产形势良好。近年来制种面积比较稳定,制种单产不断增加,种子质量稳定,制种技术和生产水平不断提高,种子生产逐渐走向规范化、专业化。但是种子企业经营规模小,经营效益低,缺乏竞争力。种子科研育种目标不明确,并且缺乏科学有效的激励机制。基层种子管理机构经费不足,制约了对种子市场的有效监管。最后,针对目前辽宁种业发展的实际情况,提出促进辽宁种子产业化发展的对策措施。     

工业大麻内生真菌菌群结构及其在植株内的空间分布特征

[目的]研究旨在探讨不同样地和不同部位大麻组织中内生真菌的多样性及其分布特征,[方法][结果]从4个不同样地大麻（云麻1号）的植株不同部位组织中共分离得到内生真菌531株,其中茎分离出138株,叶分离出393株。经形态学观察和ITS序列分子鉴定发现其分属于29个属,其中茎22个属,叶24个属。有18个属普遍存在于大麻茎和叶中,其中炭疽菌属是大麻的优势菌属,优势度为40.11%。大麻茎部的内生真菌分离率显著低于叶部,接近地面部分的大麻茎叶组织内生真菌分离率最高。4个样地大麻内生真菌多样性指数在1.84到2.46之间,不同样地中大麻内生真菌组成的相似系数普遍较高,同一样地中大麻茎与叶的相似性系数较小。[结论]结果表明,工业大麻（云麻1号）内生真菌多样性偏低、宿主专一性较小。