寒地水稻强化栽培技术试验研究

通过应用试验及生产示范,探讨优质水稻强化栽培技术的效果,结果表明:在黑龙江省绥化永安农场示范点,采用分蘖强、早熟、大穗品种、单本、有机肥、化肥与生物肥配合施用,干湿灌溉的强化栽培技术体系,可使水稻增产9.6%～11.2%。     

水稻超高产强化栽培技术体系在四川的应用

本文在总结近年四川省水稻超高产强化栽培技术研究成果和生产示范的基础上,系统介绍了四川省水稻超高产强化栽培技术的特点、增产机理、应用效果和栽培技术规程。     

优质水稻温水强化栽培技术(SRI)

通过应用试验及生产示范,探讨优质水稻温水强化栽培技术体系的效果。结果表明,在黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市富拉尔基区杜达乡示范点,采用松粳6号等大穗型品种、超早播种培育高素质带孽壮秧、栽插36cm×17cm,每穴1～2株苗,有机肥与化肥配合施用、干湿交替灌溉(水量为450m3/667m2)的温水强化栽培技术体系,可使水稻增产5.5%～9.1%。     

SRI技术本土化研究

水稻强化栽培技术体系(System of Rice Intensification,简称SRI)被认为是一种能够帮助水稻品种真正发挥其生物学潜力、遗传学潜力进而增产并节约生产成本,保障粮食安全,保护生态环境的一种栽培丁之术体系。但在我国不同生态地区应用有一个技术本土化的过程,以筛选适宜超级杂交稻组合为突破口,研究适宜栽插密度与方式、控制无效分蘖提高成穗率、人工除草与化除相结合、覆盖“旱润”高效节水灌溉、有机肥与无机肥结合的关键技术,并与不同季节茬口的适宜耕作技术有机结合,形成我国特色的水稻强化栽培技术体系．     

中国水稻栽培技术发展与展望

70年来,中国水稻生产取得巨大成就。根据水稻生产发展历程,将我国水稻生产分为波动阶段、快速增长、调整下降和恢复提高四个阶段。文章阐述了四个阶段的水稻生产及栽培技术特点;分析了单季稻和双季稻栽培技术的特点及发展现状。针对水稻生产发展面临的问题,展望了栽培技术的发展方向。     

水稻强化栽培体系的研究现状

综述了水稻强化栽培体系(SRI)的基本原理、关键技术、产量优势、经济及生态效益和本土化存在的问题,提出在筛选适宜品种(组合)基础上,汲取现有的旱育稀植、节水灌溉、病虫草害综合防治等高产栽培技术之精华,并采用小苗稀植、有机肥与无机肥结合、覆盖"旱育"式水管、中耕除草与化学除草相结合等的关键技术,将SRI法与我国不同种植制度、不同类型品种有机结合,形成本土化的水稻强化栽培技术。     

水稻强化栽培（SRI）对农业的增产增效和对环境的改善作用

水稻强化栽培是一种新型的栽培技术,具有明显增加产量和减少投入的作用．其推广应用对传统的农业生产产生了重要的影响。     

东宁县绿色稻米发展现状及对策

分析了东宁县发展绿色稻米的优势,指出了东宁县水稻生产存在生产成本增加,种稻效益下降;优质品种和栽培技术与时代生产不配套;水稻产业化开发程度较低等问题,提出了优化品种和提高品质、优化布局、强化加工转化延长水稻产业链条、建立健全市场监管体制、强化信息服务等发展对策及解决措施。     

杂交晚粳“嘉优1号”SRI秧龄试验

SR I简称水稻强化栽培体系,由美国康乃尔大学首先提出,最早在马达加斯加应用,取得了成倍增产效果。具有增产潜力大,节省育秧和移栽用工,节约灌溉用水,改善土壤理化性状等优势。强化栽培技术是目前浙江省正在试验示范的水稻高产栽培技术推广项目,这项技术也列入海盐县科技项目。     

江苏现代稻作技术体系研究现状与发展对策

从发展现代农作制度、推进现代农业发展和水稻生产可持续发展角度阐明了现代稻作技术体系的功能定位,重点介绍了江苏省近几年研究并应用的精确定量栽培技术、稻田种养结合技术、机械化生产技术、规范化轻简栽培技术、少免耕稻作栽培技术等主要现代稻作技术体系原理及模式,并提出了发展现代稻作技术的思路与对策。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。