三峡库区农业环保网络初步建立

三峡工程举世瞩目,三峡库区农业生态环境恶化的趋势逐渐凸显,监测、研究和防治其污染的工作也就日渐重要,更加迫切。面对这一严峻紧迫的现实问题,农业部已明确将三峡库区纳入全国农业生态环境监测监控和治理研究的四大重点之一(位次排名第二),在规划建设、资金支持、项目安排和工作指导等方面,将给予特别的关注和适当的倾斜。三峡库区80%的面积在重庆,做好重庆范围内的三峡库区农业环保工作意义深远,作用明显。对于这一功在当代、利在千秋的事业,重庆责无旁贷。重庆市直辖以后,市农业局加强了对三峡库区农业环保工作的领导力度,提出了全市农…     

防治水土流失 建设巴渝秀美山川

重庆地处长江上游、三峡库区,由于三峡库区水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱、自然灾害频繁,且三峡库区的水土保持和生态建设事关全市经济社会发展全局、事关三峡工程建成后的安全运行和库区的长治久安,因此是我市水土保持生态建设的重点。虽然,“长治”工程的有效实施,使我市的水土保持生态建设取得了较大的成绩,但离全面建设小康社会的要求尚有不少的差距,因此,我们要紧紧抓住国家实施可持续发展战略和西部大开发战略的历史机遇,进一步增强紧迫感、责任感和使命感,调动全社会各界力量,防治水土流失,改善生态环境,建设巴渝秀美山川。     

三峡库区营造人水和谐生态环境的做法

为了加强三峡库区生态环境保护和建设,贯彻落实以人为本的科学发展观,重庆市政府针对全市水土流失实际提出了综合防治的总方针。通过加强库区消落带整治、开展库周绿化带建设、强化以小流域为单元的综合治理,加大了三峡库区水土流失的治理力度。重庆市“长治”工程实施17年来,在治理思路上不断创新机制,坚持生态优先,治理与开发有机结合,完善了法规、规章体系,加强了预防监督,规范了项目建设管理,遏制了人为水土流失,使生态环境明显改善。     

重庆市水土保持成效与新时代发展方略

重庆市地处长江上游三峡库区腹地,是长江上游水土流失最为严重的省市之一。直辖以来,全市从完善保障体系、推进综合治理、严格社会监管、加强动态监测、强化科教宣传等方面狠抓水土流失防治,取得了显著成效。但三峡库区及主要支流、坡耕地集中区域、石漠化区域水土流失依然严重,人为水土流失防治和监管任务依然较重,水土保持的综合功能和效益尚未充分发挥,水土流失仍是制约全市经济社会高质量发展和三峡工程长治久安的主要生态环境问题。进入新时代,重庆市水土保持工作面临新的形势和要求,肩负着新的发展使命和战略任务,要坚持“注重预防保护、强化监督管理、突出综合治理、完善监测体系、创新体制机制”的总体方略,加快推进水土保持工作高质量发展,为建设山清水秀美丽之地和筑牢长江上游重要生态屏障提供坚强保障。     

论生态农业与三峡库区农业可持续发展

文章指出了三峡库区是生态经济脆弱区，三峡工程的兴建将进一步增加三峡库区生态环境的压力。在三峡库区实施生态农业是三峡库区农业可持续发展的战略选择，并提出三峡库区实施生态农业的主要模式技术与政策。     

做大做强奉节脐橙产业的战略思考

胡锦涛总书记对重庆市"314"的总体部署和市第三次党代会明确的"一圈两翼"发展新格局,为全市的发展规划了蓝图。奉节地处三峡库区腹心,是重庆市实现"加快"和"率先"发展的攻坚区域之一。立足奉节县情,做大做强奉节脐橙产业以促进县域经济加快发展,是新形势下摆在我们面前的新的历史任务。     

三峡库区农业面源污染现状及其防治对策

简述了三峡库区农业面源污染现状及其成因 ,指出三峡库区农业面源污染的防治必须实施农业发展战略的调整 ,建立三峡库区农业面源污染预警监测网络系统 ,建设三峡库区可持续高效生态农业模式 ,实现农业生产标准化、清洁化和无害化 ,建立三峡库区江岸生物隔离带 ,强化农业环保立法。     

重庆市三峡库区土壤侵蚀分级分类标准的探讨

根据三峡库区自然环境和水土流失的特点,在实地调查的基础上对三峡库区土壤侵蚀分级分类标准进行了探讨,指出原来全国通用技术规程中的分级分类指标在三峡库区遥感普查应用中存在一定的偏差,指出了偏差发生的原因,提出了适合三峡库区的分类定级标准。     

三峡库区百喜草引种试验初报

在对百喜草的生态适应性与三峡库区生态环境分析的基础上 ,进行了百喜草栽植、生物量及产量测定等试验 ,并提出了三峡库区百喜草的栽培模式。结果表明 :百喜草适宜在三峡库区种植 ,并能在三峡库区生态环境建设及退耕还林还草工程中大力推广应用     

三峡库区人地关系及其协调发展途径研究

在分析三峡库区人地关系现状的基础上,指出了三峡库区生态环境脆弱,自然资源的不合理开发,法制观念淡薄和管理不当及其协调的失误是造成三峡库区人地关系紧张的主要原因。最后为了缓和三峡库区尖锐的人地关系矛盾,提出了库区人地关系协调共生的可持续发展对策:生态环境恢复与重建;农业生产方式的转变和管理制度的革新。     

水氮耦合对苹果光合特性和果实品质的影响

通过不同灌水量和施氮处理,研究水氮耦合对红富士苹果光合特性及品质的影响。结果表明:红富士苹果的光合特性在不同水肥组合下的变化不同,其光合作用存在明显的“午休”现象。中水高肥和高水高肥的肥水组合对光合速率的保持有一定的作用。低水中肥的肥水组合的蒸腾速率最低,保水效果最好。中度水分供应条件下,施用较多的氮肥可以提高气孔导度利于光合的进行。肥水管理以灌溉量5250m³/hm²、氮肥施用量600kg/hm²方案能获得较高的品质效益。     

圆叶决明的栽培技术及其防蚀培肥的功效

经多年种植结果表明，圆叶决明具有覆盖率高、固氮率高、适应性和抗逆性强等特点，是山地茶果园水土流失地套种的先锋作物，本文阐述了圆叶决明的特征特性、栽培技术以及防治水土流失、培肥地力的作用。     

Soil organic matter and the adsorption and decomposition of the herbicides atrazine and linuron

Soil was subjected to a variety of treatments so as to provide a series of materials with different organic residues. These preparations were inoculated with an aqueous extract of untreated soil, then incubated at 20°C with atrazine or linuron and rates of herbicide degradation were followed. The rates were lowest when virtually all the organic matter had been removed by peroxidation. The most rapid break-down occurred in samples which had been successively extracted with ethanol + toluene, hot water, dilute acid and dilute alkali. It is suggested that the organic residue left after this sequence contained hydrolysed materials that were easily metabolized and hence could support the most active microbial population. There was no relationship between extent of adsorption and decomposition rate.     

Mobility and breakdown of asulam in the soil and the possible impact on the environment

Asulam reaching the soil either directly as spray drift or as rain washings from bracken fronds would, due to its rapid mobility in soil, be expected to leach down the soil profile into the drainage water and thereby contaminate streams and water catchments. The mobility of asulam in soil is influenced by pH, where undissociated asulam will leach less rapidly than the associated form (asulam pK_a 4·82). This is particularly relevant in the case of bracken as it can grow satisfactorily over a wide range of pH values (3·6 – 7·6). Adsorption coefficients expressed as Kd values [(μg asulam/g soil)/(μg asulam/ml solution)] were 2·54, 1·94 and 0·96 at pH readings of 4·0, 4·3 and 4·9 respectively. Another factor involved, the breakdown of asulam, was shown to be temperature dependent, 30·95, 7·65 and 2·50% remaining after 28 days at 5, 18 and 25°C respectively, thus underlining the influence of geographical regions and climatic conditions on asulam behaviour.     

甘蔗节间蛋白质含量与生长发育关系的研究

选用8个不同基因型的甘蔗，即粤糖86-368、新台糖16号、农林8号、拔地拉、割手密和从甘蔗杂交后代F1中选出的3株种茎的无性系(单株)。在甘蔗伸长初期，测定其 2节间至 8节间的长度、茎径，同时取 3、 5、 8节间，测定其可溶性蛋白质、细胞壁离子型结合蛋白质、细胞壁共价型结合蛋白质及可溶性总糖的含量。结果表明：从 2节间到 8节间，不同基因型的节间长度的变化极为相似，除割手密外，其它基因型甘蔗的节间长度都在 6节达到最长；但其茎径在 6节间以后仍保持稍微的增粗。从 3节间到 5、 8节间，所有基因型的三类蛋白质含量都逐渐下降，而可溶性总糖含量都逐渐提高。其中，三个节间较粗的基因型即拔地拉、粤糖86—368和无性系3号，其三类蛋白质含量相对较高，而可溶性总糖含量相对较低。     

Solods of the Baraba Lowland and the Priobskoe Plateau: Their properties and genesis and the methods of their diagnostics

The properties, hydrological features, and genesis of the solods occurring in the Baraba Lowland and Priobskoe Plateau were studied. Methods for determining the hydromorphism degree are considered; the features of the similarity and differences between the solods and other soils with textural profile differentiation are shown. Depending on the reasons for the waterlogging, the solods should be divided into two groups: the solods of groundwater waterlogging and the solods of surface waterlogging. Criteria for their discrimination are suggested: the ratio between the contents of the clay fraction in the parent rock (or in the B2 horizon) and that in the A2 horizon, the changes in the pH values along the soil profiles, and the content of nonsilicate iron compounds. The solods studied are shown to be formed under the conditions of a stagnant-percolative regime and gleying. This circumstance is an obligatory and sufficient reason for the formation of the light-colored acid eluvial (A2) horizons. According to some basic properties of the soil solid phase (the acidity, the total chemical composition, and the clay pattern in the eluvial part), the gleyed solods are close or identical to the gleyed soddy-podzolic and gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils. At the same time, the solods differ from the gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils by their thicker A1 (or Ap) horizon and their higher humus content (5–7%).     

图书馆与大力发展文化创意产业之间的关系

党的十七届六中全会提出了要推动文化创意产业成为国民经济的支柱性产业。图书馆拥有丰富的文献资源和信息服务能力,在为文化创意产业项目提供信息服务的同时,应提升自身形象,谋求更大发展。     

Glyphosate and the response of the soil microbiota

Limited information on the effect of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) on soil microorganisms justified an inquiry into the response of soil actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi in terms of their respiration, and sensitivity of isolates. Low concentrations of glyphosate had little effect on total populations of these organisms during the 214-day experiment, while high concentrations initially increased actinomycete and bacterial numbers by 2 and 1$\text{case1}\text{2}$ logs, respectively. The stimulation was followed by a decline and fluctuation showing a gradual increase in numbers. The respiration rates of the soil microbiota in soil suspensions, showed some irregular stimulation and retardation with up to 10 μg glyphosate ml^?1. In contrast high doses suppressed O₂ uptake by the microbiota. Fungi were the least affected. Pronounced inhibition of actinomycete and bacterial respiration was in agreement with the results from isolate replication. The results indicated both stimulation and inhibition of O₂ uptake by some organisms within these groups. In contrast to some reports of limited, short-term inquiries these results showed considerable effects of glyphosate on soil microorganisms.