额敏县膜下滴灌甜菜主要病虫害综合防控技术

正甜菜是额敏县重要的糖料作物之一,近年来,受种植结构及气候的影响,甜菜病虫害发生种类增多,为害加重。笔者经过多年的调查与总结,探索出膜下滴灌甜菜病虫害发生特点及消长规律,并采取防控措施,取得了较好的防治效果。1甜菜主要病虫1.1甜菜虫害根据甜菜的生育期划分,对甜菜为害较大的害虫有苗期的象甲类、地下害虫类;生长期主要有甜菜茎象甲、甜菜潜叶蝇、甘蓝夜蛾等。在甜菜的苗     

新疆甜菜害虫的防治

新疆是全国重要的糖区之一．近几年虫害严重影响甜菜产量及品质．一些种类对甜菜生产已构成很大威胁。暴发性害虫如草地螟、甜菜夜蛾发生的频率有所增加．为害呈上升趋势。为了有效地控制甜菜害虫．自治区科研人员做了大量的研究工作．明确了甜菜主要害虫的发生规律及防治方法．从而大大改善了甜菜生态环境．提高了甜菜单产。     

黑龙江省甜菜象虫发生及防治研究

1979～1981年研究了黑龙江省为害甜菜的象虫种类有甜菜长柄象、蒙古土象、甜菜象、二斑尖眼象、三北甜菜象、黑斜纹象、锥喙筒喙象、甜菜毛足象及甜菜碗额象等9种,其中甜菜长柄象和蒙古土象为优势种。40%甲胺磷乳油500～800倍液喷洒幼苗,杀虫率80～95%;用“3911”闷种对防治甜菜象虫有较高的效果,可挽回甜菜块根产量11～25%。     

甜菜锈病在我国适生性的分析(摘要)

本文着重对甜菜锈病发生的气象因素进行分析研究,搜集了国外甜菜产区和加拿大甜菜锈病流行年、流行地区的气象资料,结合病源和甜菜生物学特性的分析,认为甜菜锈病的发生和流行,除了需要具备足够数量的甜菜锈病病原菌和大量感病品种外,关键在于气候条件是否适合锈病的发生,即冬孢子萌发和锈孢子阶段的适宜温度、湿度(甜菜播种后较长时期     

砂培体系中甜菜多粘菌的生物学特性和传带甜菜坏死黄脉病毒的定位研究

 甜菜多粘菌(Polymyxa betae)是甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)的真菌介体,属持久性传毒关系。BNYVV引起甜菜丛根病,是世界范围分布的主要甜菜病害,在我国各甜菜产区也广泛流行并严重危害。     

甜菜霜霉病

甜菜ＢｅｔａｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓＬ．属藜科甜菜属,二年生植物。糖用甜菜是仅次于甘蔗的重要糖料作物,主要分布在北半球温带地区,以欧洲最为集中,美国和中国次之。甜菜霜霉病是甜菜生产上的一个重要病害,对甜菜的４个变种,即糖用、饲用、食用和叶用甜菜都能侵染,俄罗...     

国外甜菜孢囊线虫发生危害、生物学和控制技术研究进展

甜菜孢囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii Schmidt)是全世界重要检疫性有害生物,对甜菜具有毁灭性危害,该线虫已在全世界50多个国家或地区有分布,22个国家将其列为检疫对象。甜菜孢囊线虫寄主多达23科95属218种植物,可导致甜菜产量损失达25%~70%,甚至绝产,在欧洲每年造成的经济损失已超过9 000万欧元,严重威胁当地甜菜生产和制糖业。甜菜孢囊线虫是我国重要进境检疫性有害生物,因其对甜菜具有毁灭性危害,我国各级农业行政主管部门对甜菜孢囊线虫都高度重视,严防该线虫的暴发和危害,本文介绍国外甜菜孢囊线虫研究进展。     

关于黑龙江、吉林有无甜菜锈病发生的调查报告

甜菜锈病是甜菜上的主要病害之一,在加拿大和东欧国家曾造成灾害,威胁着甜菜生产的发展。许多国家均将它列为植物检疫对象。我国黑龙江省早在1906年就从国外引进甜菜试种成功,后来逐渐发展。建国后,为了发展制糖工业,在东北地区大力扩展甜菜栽培。在五十年代曾多次大量地从国外进口甜菜种子。供种国家有波兰、苏联、匈牙     

三苯基醋酸锡防治甜菜褐斑病效果

三苯基醋酸锡防治甜菜褐斑病效果李研学，王卫平，赵久新（辽宁朝阳市植保站１２２０００）（辽宁省植保站）（建平县二糖厂）甜菜褐斑病是甜菜的主要病害，年年发生，危害重，严重地影响甜菜的产量和含糖量。由于单一用药和多次施药，使甜菜褐斑病菌的抗药性增强，常用的...     

武汉地区甜菜夜蛾发生动态与气象因子关系初探

采用性诱法、灯诱法及田间调查法对2009-2010年武汉地区甜菜夜蛾成虫、幼虫开展动态监测,结果表明:武汉地区甜菜夜蛾成虫、幼虫主高峰出现在8-10月。根据同时期逐日的气象数据,探讨了武汉地区甜菜夜蛾越冬及成虫高峰日前期气象条件。甜菜夜蛾在武汉越冬虫源存活率低,高温少雨日照多有利于甜菜夜蛾成虫暴发。本研究为进一步探讨甜菜夜蛾在全国范围内迁飞和种群消长提供支撑,为实现基于气象预报的甜菜夜蛾发生测报奠定基础。     

具条实蝇研究综述

具条实蝇[Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)scutellata(Hendel)]是我国对外重要检疫害虫,地理分布广,危害程度重,使我国果蔬生产遭受了严重经济损失。文章综述了具条实蝇的形态特征、分类地位、寄主范围、地理分布、种群数量动态以及分子生物学等方面的研究进展,并提出未来研究展望。     

Comparative biology of Mallada desjardinsi (navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (walker) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), predators of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and aphis gossypii (glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cotton in eastern Tanzania

The developmental biology of Mallada desjardinsi (Navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (Walker) on the American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii was studied in the laboratory at 28–32°C. Total larva! periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua on H. armigera eggs were 14.4 and 14.8 days respectively. However, when reared on A. gossypii larval periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua were 14.9 and 13.5 days respectively. When reared on H. armigera 52.9% and 25% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsis and C. congrua sp. died before pupation. However, when reared on A. gossypii 82.6% and 46.9% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua died before pupation. Thus, H. armigera eggs and A. gossypii nymphs were both adequate but not optimal diets for chrysopid larval development. The number of prey consumed by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua increased with instar. Total larval consumption of H. armigera by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was determined to be 135.5 and 169.8 eggs respectively. However, total larval consumption of A. gossypii by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was found to be 189.0 and 171.8 nymphs respectively. Because of its longer larval period, and higher consumption of A. gossypii, M. desjardinsi would be better suited for use against A. gossypii than C. congrua. In contrast, C. congrua whose consumption of H. armigera was higher than that of M. desjardinsi although their larval periods were similar, would appear promising for control of H. armigera.     

胡瓜新小绥螨对B型烟粉虱的控制能力

为明确胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudermans对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius的控害潜能,在（26±1）℃、相对湿度65%±5%、光周期16L：8D条件下,研究了各螨态胡瓜新小绥螨对不同发育阶段烟粉虱的捕食作用。结果表明,胡瓜新小绥螨幼螨期较短,不取食烟粉虱,其他不同螨态的胡瓜新小绥螨可捕食除4龄若虫和成虫以外的其他各虫态的烟粉虱,捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型;胡瓜新小绥螨雌成螨对烟粉虱卵的日捕食量最大（8.5粒/雌）,对烟粉虱3龄若虫的日捕食量最小（2.1头/雌）;雌成螨对烟粉虱卵具有较高的瞬间攻击率（0.038）和寻找效应（0.025）。研究表明,胡瓜新小绥螨对烟粉虱卵及低龄若虫的捕食能力较强,是烟粉虱发生初期的有效天敌。     

Base-catalysed hydrolysis of (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos

The rates at which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed in aqueous solutions in the pH range 8.7–11.5, and in the temperature range 30–50°C, have been measured. The overall activation parameters have been calculated, and equations to allow calculation of the rates in any basic conditions are given. The complicated routes by which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed to simple molecules have been deduced. The rates for the individual steps in each route have been either measured experimentally, or have been calculated through analogue simulation of all the reactions, by matching the calculated to the observed ultraviolet spectral changes during hydrolysis. It is proposed that (Z)-2-carboxyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate is not observed as a hydrolysis product of (Z)-mevinphos because it decomposes by an extremely fast intramolecular reaction. The reasons for the greater lability of (E)-mevinphos are also discussed.     

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera,Gelechiidae) in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Pheromone traps were placed in the market place in Banja Luka, and in greenhouses and open field tomato crops, on 13 September 2010 to determine the presence of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Banja Luka region. Based on examination of traps, the presence of T. absoluta was confirmed for the first time in the Republic of Srpska. Only mines of Liriomyza species were found by examining leaves under a stereomicroscope. In 2011, pheromone traps were placed in greenhouses at several locations (Banja Luka, Prijedor, Novi Grad, Kozarska Dubica, Ljubinje and Trebinje) at the beginning of June, and in open fields in Bijeljina and Trebinje at the beginning of September. Examination of the traps was carried out at intervals of 15 days. A sample of 100 leaves, taken from 20 randomly selected plants, was examined in order to evaluate the intensity of the attack. The first adults were caught in greenhouses in Ljubinje and Trebinje on 18 June 2011; in open field crops in Bijeljina on 9 September 2011 and in Banja Luka on 5 October 2011. Adults were not captured in Prijedor, Novi Grad or Kozarska Dubica, and no mined leaves were observed. The intensity of attack was evaluated on the basis of active infestation (percentage of leaves with active mines compared with all mined leaves). The strongest intensity of active infestation was recorded in the open field crops in Trebinje, where 19% of leaves with active mines were found.     

Gele roest (Puccinia glumarum) op kropaar (Dactylis glomerata)

Summary During four years yellow rust was observed on cocksfoot. Telia did not occur in the field, but in the glasshouse they appeared. In the field only the minority of cocksfoot-plants was susceptible. Hibernation in the field was not observed, the yellow rust could only be stated in summer after May.In several inoculation-experiments it was found, that this origin of yellow rust was not pathogenic for several varieties of wheat, barley and rye. The type of infection was always i and 00-0.According to the experiments of Straib, this type of yellow rust might be identical to physiologie race 36. Otherwise it is a new physiologie race, till now not numbered.