稻鸭共栖试验研究

通过稻鸭共栖种养结合模式和常规种稻对比试验研究,结果表明:稻鸭共栖中鸭子除了对矮慈姑和稻稗的防效很差外,对其他几种杂草的防效均和化学防治区相近;鸭子在田间活动能显著降低害虫基数并减轻危害程度;稻鸭共栖处理的水稻稻米品质好而且稻田鸭瘦肉率高,价格偏高。稻鸭共作可获得净利1 106元/667 m2,比常规稻作550元/667 m2高556元/667 m2。     

水稻机插稻鸭共作精确定量施肥技术研究

通过对水稻机插稻鸭共作区与非稻鸭共作区精确定量施肥技术研究表明,在施肥水平一致的情况下,稻鸭共作区水稻产量均优于非稻鸭共作区,稻鸭共作区比非稻鸭共作区每667m2增产稻谷19.5～35.4 kg,净增效益204.42～228.26元.     

基于生长发育天数的稻鸭生态种养专家系统框架设计

在总结稻鸭生态种养经验的基础上,采用人工智能技术,提出了基于生长发育天数的稻鸭生态种养专家系统的设计方案,分析了稻鸭生态种养专家系统的框架设计、知识的获取和模块的内容、数据库结构设计.     

稻鸭复合种养模式对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

稻鸭共生种养不仅能生产无公害的有机农产品,而且对水稻增产具有一定效果。在稻鸭共生基础上,加入鱼、萍、泥鳅、鸡等生物形成稻鸭复合种养模式,比较稻鸭复合种养模式下水稻产量及成熟期地上部分生物量的差异。试验共设6个处理:稻-鱼-鸭、稻-鱼-鸭-萍、稻-鳅-鸭、稻-鳅-鸭-萍、稻-鸡-鸭、稻-鸡-鸭-萍,以常规稻作对照。结果表明,与对照比较,稻鸭复合种养模式下水稻平均增产9.8%,尤以稻-鸡-鸭-萍处理产量最高,增幅达到18.11%;稻-鱼-鸭处理增幅最小,为4.96%;有效穗、结实率以及总粒数等均呈现不同程度的增长;地上部分生物量总和也普遍高于常规稻作,以稻-鸭-鳅处理最高,稻-鸡-鸭处理最低,说明稻鸭复合种养模式有利于水稻增产增收。     

稻田生态种养对系统生物多样性的影响

稻田生态种养模式由过去单一模式向多样化、综合性模式演变,目前已形成了稻鸭、稻鱼、稻虾、稻蟹以及稻鱼鸭、稻鱼鸡、稻虾蟹等模式.综述了稻田生态种养模式演变过程,分析稻田系统生物的组成成分,总结了稻田生态种养模式对农田系统生物多样性的影响,并提出了研究展望.     

稻鸭共育无公害高效益技术研究成果与应用

研究表明,稻鸭共育技术发挥了鸭在稻间的除草治虫防病、中耕浊水通气、壅泥培土、促进水稻生育和增产、稻鸭产品无公害增效等“役禽”功能,符合高产、优质、高效、生态和持续发展的生产目标,属于创新的稻田农作制度,推广应用前景广阔.     

稻鸭共育对超级稻田稻飞虱控制和蜘蛛种群数量的影响

通过田间试验,研究了稻鸭共育对稻田稻飞虱控制和蜘蛛种群数量的影响,并进行了经济效益分析。结果表明,稻鸭共育对稻田稻飞虱和天敌蜘蛛数量具有较大影响。与不养鸭的稻田相比,稻鸭共育后20d和50d,稻飞虱数量减少45．93％和66．83％;稻鸭共育还增加了稻田害虫天敌蜘蛛的数量,稻鸭共育田平均每百丛稻的蜘蛛数量分别是不养鸭稻田的1．59和1．60倍。此外,稻鸭共育还提高了稻田经济效益,稻鸭共育田比对照田经济收入要高22％。     

江苏省建湖县稻鸭共作模式典型及技术要点

以江苏省建湖县稻鸭共作模式典型为例,对建湖县稻鸭共作有机稻米生产技术经济效益进行了分析,并对稻鸭共作品种选择、水稻种植、野鸭放养、病虫草绿色防控等关键技术进行了总结,以期为建湖县稻鸭共作技术的推广提供科学指导。     

稻鸭种养生态工程的理论分析与实践过程

比较了稻鸭种养模式与稻鸭种养生态工程的区别，阐述了稻鸭种养生态工程的演替过程，从物质利用、投入辅助能、能量消耗及转化、时空利用及时空利用耦合等几个方面对稻鸭种养生态工程进行了理论分析，介绍了稻鸭种养生态工程的实践过程，最后对其前景进行了展望。     

辰溪县稻鱼综合种养主要模式生产效益调查

通过对辰溪县稻鱼综合种养投入产出情况的实地走访调查,分析了不同稻渔模式的综合效益.结果表明,"稻+鱼""稻+小龙虾"和"稻+鱼+鸭"模式经济效益最高,相对于单一水稻栽培,每公顷的利润均超过22500元,分别为33000、128100、38760元,且都具有良好的生态及社会效益.辰溪县稻鱼综合种养的进一步发展应以"稻+鱼""稻+小龙虾"和"稻+鱼+鸭"模式为主导,兼顾其他各种模式,进行产业化开发,以带动辰溪县的农业经济发展和山区脱贫致富.     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.