Aeration improves the hygiene of cattle slurry and the quality of grass forage and silage†

The aeration of slurry at mesophilic temperature improves its hygiene, provided no fresh slurry is added to the tank during the 3–4 weeks of aeration. Microorganisms, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and related species and coliphages, were reduced by 90–99.9%. However, the number of Clostridium was not affected. The typical odour of slurry diminished. The use of aerated slurry as fertilizer on growing grass may cause less risk of contamination either by enteric microorganisms or by butyric acid‐producing clostridia than the use of non‐aerated slurry. The hygiene level of grass was also sufficient when grown in a cold, rainy late summer and used for silage. None of the 62 samples of silage prepared from a second‐harvest grown in rainy conditions and fertilized with aerated slurry were found to have deteriorated. However, three samples out of 63 made during the same period but fertilized with non‐aerated slurry were observed to have deteriorated completely. Neither spreading method, band‐spreading or injection of the slurry into sward, had any effect on the microbiological hygiene of the samples.     

循环曝气压力与活性剂浓度对滴灌带水气传输的影响

适宜的工作压力及表面活性剂浓度对循环曝气效率的提高及地下滴灌水气传输优化具有重要意义。利用循环曝气系统,设置工作压力和活性剂浓度2因素3水平共9个曝气组合,每组均进行非曝气对照试验,分析曝气组合条件对掺气比例、氧传质效率、滴灌带水气传输均匀性的影响。结果表明:循环曝气条件下,不添加活性剂时,压力提高有利于掺气比例增加,添加后,趋势相反;压力一定时,掺气比例随活性剂浓度升高而增加;滴灌带出水均匀性和出气均匀度分别在95%和70%以上;活性剂浓度及压力对氧传质系数分别起到了促进和抑制作用,活性剂的添加大大缩短了曝气时间;掺气比例计算方法能够准确反映曝气滴灌系统中水气传输特性。研究结果对循环曝气滴灌系统水气传输效率的提高及运行成本的降低有重要指导。     

Improving Performance of Treatment Wetlands: Evaluation of Supplemental Aeration,Varying Flow Direction,and Phosphorus Removing Filters

Pollutant removal was compared among subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) mesocosms used for dairy farm wastewater treatment. Supplemental aeration, flow direction, and the use of phosphorus-reducing filters (PRFs) were varied among the CWs. The following were compared: (1) vertical flow CWs with and without supplemental aeration, (2) aerated CWs with horizontal and vertical flow directions, (3) single-cell and two-cell treatment systems, and (4) wetland-wetland systems (two CWs in series) and wetland-PRF systems (a CW followed by a PRF). The results from this investigation showed that, first, nearly all treatment strategies, either singly or in pairs, substantially reduced almost all the contaminants we tested. Second, supplemental aeration resulted in higher ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄-N) removal efficiencies in aerated vertical flow CWs, compared to unaerated CWs. However, it caused no further improvement in dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total suspended solids (TSS), E. coli, or BOD₅ removal. Third, there was no difference between aerated horizontal and aerated vertical flow CWs in removal of any of the tested contaminants. Fourth, adding a second stage of treatment significantly improved DRP, TSS, E. coli, and NH₄-N removal, but not BOD₅. Finally, treatment systems with PRFs showed superior performance in DRP and E. coli removal.     

氧调控下人工湿地微生物群落结构变化研究

运用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）技术研究了氧调控下复合垂直流人工湿地（IVCW）微生物群落结构及活性变化,结果表明,不曝气IVCW基质表层以好氧微生物为优势种群,但绝大部分微生物都集中在0～20 cm基质层,系统的净化空间受到限制;氧调控下微生物群落向基质纵深发展,表征好氧微生物的单不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著增加,曝气系统下行池表层各类群微生物的生物量为不曝气系统的2～6倍,表征微生物活性的PLFAs总不饱和度水平也明显升高;革兰氏阴性细菌成为曝气IVCW基质微生物群落的优势种群,群落具有更高的活性和专一性,提高了污染物的去除效果。因此,进一步研究微生物的这种适应机制可以为优化湿地系统提供一定的理论基础。     

曝气对垂直流湿地处理水产养殖废水脱氮的影响

人工湿地作为一种有效的污水处理技术,现已被逐渐拓展到水产养殖业中。鉴于其与养殖竞争有限土地资源的弊端,如何构建节地高效型湿地成为未来研究的重点。曝气增氧是强化潜流湿地净化效能的重要措施之一,但是关于曝气强度以及净化效率与影响因素的关系仍缺乏深入系统的研究。为此,该文设计构建了7组不同要素组合的垂直流湿地小试系统,同步或分阶段探讨了曝气强化对垂直流湿地脱氮的影响。研究结果表明,无论曝气与否,构建的7组湿地系统于试验运行工况下都存在明显的硝化过程,且空气复氧和植物根系泌氧足以弥补硝化作用耗氧量。曝气增氧进一步强化了湿地内部的矿化和硝化过程;鉴于养殖废水不缺乏碳源(该研究各组湿地进水碳氮比在28.4~30.6之间),湿地内部的反硝化几率增大,导致曝气后总氮的去除效率提高。但是曝气条件下过高的溶解氧又会进一步抑制反硝化过程,从而也会导致系统总氮去除速率的下降。因此,对垂直流湿地而言,曝气强度不是愈高愈好。为了获得更高的脱氮效率,建议可以通过延长水力停留时间或者在垂直流湿地尾部增设水平潜流湿地来补充反硝化过程,进而提高系统对总氮的去除效果。     

曝气量对家庭生活污水处理净化槽的水质影响

为了满足农村多用户化粪池联用处理要求,对单独净化槽进行了改造。将原有的两级厌氧一级好氧工艺改为一级厌氧两级好氧工艺,提高净化过程的生物处理能力。针对这种新型净化槽,调查了不同曝气量下的生活污水净化能力,分别测定了各区出水水质COD、BOD5、NH3-N和浊度的变化情况。实验表明,一级好氧和二级好氧中的溶解氧随着曝气量的不断增加表现出先快速增加,然后缓慢增加,最后又快速增加的特点。在曝气量均为1．8L·min^-1时,一级和二级好氧区溶解氧分别为2．4mg·L^-1和3．1mg·L^-1．出水COD、BODs、NH3-N和浊度分别为23、13、7．6mg·L^-1和9NTU。若再增加曝气量,出水水质变化将趋缓,因二级好氧区生物降解的底物浓度较低,已成为主要的控制因素,所以基于能耗的考虑,曝气量的优化就变得更为重要。     

Root respiration and bacterial population of roots I. Effect of nitrogen source,potassium nutrition and aeration of roots

Spring wheat was grown in nutrient solution culture to investigate the influence of aeration, different sources of nitrogen and discontinuation of potassium supply on root respiration and on the number of root bacteria. By definition root respiration included oxygen consumption of the excised roots and their microbial colonizers. Root respiration was subject to diurnal variations. It was low towards the end of the dark period and increased within two hours during the light period. Independent of the nutrient supply the respiration rate and bacterial number were considerably higher in unaerated than in aerated nutrient solution. Root respiration was lowest when using nitrate as a source of nitrogen and highest with ammonium nutrition. Intermediate respiration rates were obtained for mixed nitrogen nutrition. Respiration corresponded to the bacterial colonization of the roots. The discontinuation of potassium supply led in plants supplied with nitrate to an insignificant increase in root respiration, whereas a marked increase in respiration was observed in plants with mixed ammonium and nitrate nutrition. In contrast, Root respiration of plants supplied with ammonium declined when potassium was discontinued. Discontinuation of potassium supply caused an increase in root respiration and bacterial numbers in both aerated and unaerated media.     

Denitrification on plants in nutrient solution culture

Spring wheat was grown in aerated and unaerated, complete and potassium deficient nutrient solution to study the influence of these factors on denitrification. Denitrification was determined by the acetylene inhibition method. When plants were pregrown in aerated nutrient solution and subsequently placed in a fresh unaerated nutrient solution, the oxygen content of the fresh solution disappeared later than at pregrowth in unaerated nutrient solution. N₂O production set in earlier with plants pregrown in unaerated medium. The more rapid decline of oxygen and the faster denitrification were due to higher numbers of bacteria, including denitrifiers, on roots pregrown in unaerated medium. Interruption of aeration caused an increase in bacterial number within 24 hours to the level of the continuously unaerated treatment. Apart from the root quantity per pot the denitrification potential of the roots played an important role in total denitrification. By our definition, denitrification potential represented the N₂O production of 1 g excised roots over 4 hours under anaerobic conditions at unlimited nitrate supply. The denitrification potential of roots grown in unaerated nutrient solution exceeded that of roots cultivated in aerated medium. Also at potassium deficiency the number of total bacteria and denitrifiers as well as root respiration increased resulting in a higher denitrification potential.     

Treatment of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria in swine wastewater with free chlorine

Recent recognition of the occurrence of antibiotics in the environment has highlighted concerns regarding potential threats of antibiotics to humans and wildlife. Antibiotics are commonly applied to animals to prevent diseases and promote growth, making livestock agriculture a major source of antibiotic pollution. The purpose of our study was to examine chlorination technology as a method for preventing the release of antibiotics as well as antibiotic-resistant bacteria into the environment from concentrated animal feeding operations. Wastewaters from various sites of two anaerobic lagoon systems, one aerated and the other not, on a swine facility were investigated. Each system consisted of a primary treatment lagoon and a subsequent polishing lagoon. Free chlorine (or monochloramine for comparison) was applied to oxidize antibiotics and to disinfect lagoon bacteria as well. Results indicate that aeration substantially improves lagoon functionality, thereby adding both organic and ammonia removal. Ammonia present in the wastewaters plays a critical role in antibiotics decomposition and bacterial inactivation due to its rapid competition for free chlorine to form monochloramine. Generally, a chlorine dose close to breakpoint is required to achieve complete removal of antibiotics, leading to high consumption of free chlorine in most of the wastewaters examined. However, because of a low ammonia concentration in the polishing lagoon wastewater of the aerated system, a chlorine dose of 100 mg/L can effectively achieve complete removal of both antibiotics and bacteria. On the basis of our experimental findings, a possible strategy for the treatment of swine wastewater is suggested.     

Phases of denitrification following oxygen depletion in soil

The short-term response of soil denitrification to reduced aeration was studied using the acetylene inhibition method for the assay of denitrification. Two distinct phases of denitrification rate were observed. An initial constant rate, termed phase I, was not decreased by chloramphenicol, was increased slightly or not at all by organic carbon amendment, and lasted for 1–3 h. Phase I was attributed to the activity of pre-existing denitrifying enzymes in the soil microflora. Following phase I the denitrification rate increased; chloramphenicol inhibited this increase. In soils without organic-C amendment a second linear phase, termed phase II, was attained after 4–8 h of anaerobic incubation. The linearity of this phase was attributed to the full derepression of denitrifying enzyme synthesis by the indigenous population and to the lack of significant growth of denitrifiers. Phase I rate was dependent on the initial or in situ aeration state of the soil sample; phase II was not. Therefore, phase I may be more directly related to field denitrification rates.Denitrification rate changes following water saturation of soils in aerobic atmospheres were also examined. Rates were greatly increased by wetting but only after a lag of several hours. Our interpretation is that following wetting of natural soils, anaerobic or partially anaerobic conditions are established by respiration and reduced O₂ diffusion rate; this first eliminates O₂ inhibition then derepresses the synthesis of denitrifying enzymes. Although denitrifying enzymes are apparently present even in relatively dry soils, their activity is low until O₂ inhibition is eliminated. From this evidence we reason that most N is lost from soils during brief periods beginning a few hours after irrigation or a rainfall.     

Is mechanical soil aeration a strategy to alleviate soil compaction and decrease phosphorus and suspended sediment losses from irrigated and rain‐fed cattle‐grazed pastures?

Agriculture is a major source of phosphorus (P) and suspended sediment (SS) losses to aquatic ecosystems promoting eutrophication. Mechanical soil loosening equipments such as topsoil looseners or aerators have been reported to improve the physical quality and infiltration of soils susceptible to livestock damage resulting from treading. We hypothesized that soil aeration would significantly decrease the volume of surface runoff and consequent losses of P and SS compared with non‐aerated soil (control) in cattle‐grazed pasture on a poorly structured silt‐loam soil. Hydrologically isolated plots (2 m long × 1 m wide × 0.15 m deep) were installed in aerated and control plots to collect surface runoff following irrigation or rainfall and analysed for P and SS losses for 1 year. Soil physical properties [% macroporosity, bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sat) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K_unsat at ?1kPa)] were measured in the aerated and control treatments and taken before each irrigation event (n = 12). Six months after mechanical aeration was employed, but before cattle grazing commenced, no significant differences in soil physical quality were found between aerated and control treatments, with the exception of a minor increase in K_unsat for the control plots. This lack of treatment difference continued after grazing and was largely attributed to the re‐settling of the poorly structured and dispersive soil. Flow‐weighted mean concentrations and annual loads of dissolved reactive P (DRP) on the mechanically aerated soil (2.24 kg DRP/ha) were approximately double those from the control treatment (1.20 kg DRP/ha). However, no significant differences were observed between treatments for surface runoff volumes and losses of total P and total SS, which may reflect the similar soil physical conditions exhibited between treatments throughout most of the trial. As observed elsewhere, time (days) since grazing or fertilizer application was found to influence P and/or SS losses. We conclude that aeration did not decrease P and SS losses. Any changes in soil physical properties such as macroporosity were short‐lived and therefore unlikely to influence surface runoff and subsequent P and SS losses for this soil type.     

Biological,Physicochemical, and Spectral Properties of Aerated Compost Extracts: Influence of Aeration Quantity

The goal of this experiment was to investigate the effect of aeration quantity (0, 11, 33, 55, and 77 L·min^?1) on the growth of aerated compost extracts from a pig manure–straw compost. When the aeration quantity was 11 L·min^?1, lettuce root growth enhancement of normalized compost extracts was at a maximum. As the aeration quantity increased, the total water-soluble organic carbon (TWSOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), humic carbon (humic C) content, and humification degree of compost extracts improved gradually. No differences in functional group structure were found among the aerated compost extracts. The positive root growth could be attributed to physicochemical and spectral characteristics, such as TN content, humic substances content, humification, aromaticity, and the low content of carboxyl groups. In conclusion, the aeration quantity of 11 L·min^?1 was suitable for the production of aerated compost extracts, which obtained much greater promotion growth.     

Bench-Scale Preparation of Mushroom Substrates In Controlled Environments

Conventional composting for mushroom cultivation involves a largely uncontrolled phase in which there are wide variations in temperature and oxygen level, resulting in the production of odor pollutants. The experiments reported in this paper investigated environmental conditions for compost preparation in an attempt to minimize odor production. Substrates for mushroom culture were prepared in flasks under controlled temperature and aeration. The temperature (48 to 72°C), O₂ concentration (0.6 to 8.7 percent v/v) and duration (6 or 20 h) of an initial pasteurization phase were varied before all the substrates were given a standard aerated conditioning period at 47°C. Compost decomposition, initial mineralization rates of ¹⁴C labelled glutamic acid (a measure of microbial activity) and actinomycete and fungal populations all decreased as the pasteurization temperature increased from 48°C to 72°C. The duration and O₂ concentration of the pasteurization treatment did not affect the overall decomposition of the substrate, mineralization of ¹⁴C labelled glutamic acid and subsequent mushroom mycelial extension rate and yield from the substrate. Under the controlled temperature conditions, the optimum pasteurization temperature for mushroom mycelial extension rate and sporophore yield was 60°C but possible benefits of higher temperature zones in a large stack situation were identified: 1) a higher concentration of ammonia which may assist substrate degradation over a prolonged period; 2) the development of high populations of intercellular bacteria following pasteurization at 72°C, 0.6 percent O₂; 3) the recovery of low rates of mineralization of ¹⁴C labelled glutamic acid following the pasteurization of substrate at 72°C to rates above those of the 48°C and 60°C pasteurization treatments.     

加氧灌溉与土壤通气性研究进展

水、肥、气、热是保障土壤肥力的四大要素,传统的灌溉方式往往忽视了气这一重要因素.土壤通气性不足,四个因素之间的平衡被打破,土壤理化性质变差,对作物生长造成不利影响,进而引起减产.良好的土壤通气性是作物正常生长发育的保证.加氧灌溉通过采用合理的方法改善土壤通气状况,协调土壤四大要素之间的关系,提高土壤肥力,满足作物生长的需要.研究表明,加氧灌溉可提高作物产量、改善作物品质.本文从根区低氧胁迫的影响分析人手,评述了土壤通气性的量化指标、测算方法和控制标准,综述了加氧灌溉技术及其应用,总结了加氧灌溉研究中存在的问题,探讨了加氧灌溉对土壤通气性的改善作用,提出了加氧灌溉与土壤通气性研究展望,以期为今后的研究提供参考.     

Effects of Aeration,Molasses, Kelp,Compost Type,And Carrot Juice on the Growth of Escherichia Coli in Compost Teas

Growth of a nonpathogenic E. coli strain (K12- MG1655, ATCC 700926) in aerated and nonaerated compost teas containing molasses, kelp and carrot juice was examined. Teas were prepared using four different compost types that had undetectable levels of indigenous E. coli. Three of the composts were produced by turn pile windrow composting method using dairy, swine and horse manure as feedstock, while the fourth, a vermicompost, was produced by feeding separated dairy solids to worms Eisenia feotida. Molasses and kelp enhanced the growth of E. coli in inoculated teas and the E. coli density was positively correlated with nutrient concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 8.0 g/L. Irrespective of the presence of molasses and kelp, E. coli was not detected in noninoculated teas. Even though E. coli is a facultative anaerobe, its growth was significantly higher in nonaerated teas than in aerated teas. Without aeration, dissolved oxygen in teas declined rapidly and fell below 0.1 mg/L within 20 h, whereas continuous aeration at 0.8 L/min maintained an aerobic condition (> 5 mg/L dissolved oxygen) in teas during the 48 h brewing period. The pH values of nonaerated teas were significantly lower than those of aerated teas and were always slightly acidic. E. coli growth in different compost types was significantly different. The density of E. coli was lowest in teas made with vermicompost and highest in teas made with swine manure compost. E. coli proliferations in both aerated and nonaerated swine manure compost teas were inhibited by carrot juice. Carrot juice lowered dissolved oxygen in aerated teas. The total bacterial densities in noninoculated compost teas were not reduced by carrot juice.     

水肥气耦合滴灌番茄地土壤N2O排放特征及影响因素分析

为了解水肥气耦合滴灌下不同水肥气调控措施对土壤N_2O排放的影响,该研究设置施氮量(低氮和常氮)、掺气量(不掺气和循环曝气处理)和灌水量(低湿度和高湿度处理)3因素2水平完全随机试验,通过静态箱-气相色谱法、q PCR技术和结构方程模型,系统研究了不同水肥气组合方案下温室番茄地土壤N_2O排放特征及其与相关影响因素之间的关系。结果表明,水肥气耦合滴灌下N_2O排放峰值出现在施氮后2 d内,其余时期N_2O排放通量较低且变幅较小。施氮量、掺气量和灌水量的增加可增加土壤N_2O排放通量和排放总量。其中,高湿度条件下N_2O排放总量较低湿度平均增加了30.14%,曝气条件下N_2O排放总量较对照平均增加了35.16%,常氮条件下N_2O排放总量较低氮平均增加了33.83%。施氮量、掺气量和灌水量的增加可提高温室番茄的产量和氮肥偏生产力。土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N含量对N_2O排放的总效应为0.60和0.79,是影响水肥气耦合滴灌下土壤N_2O排放的主导因子。综合考虑作物产量、N_2O排放总量和氮肥偏生产力,常氮曝气低湿度处理是适宜的水肥气耦合滴灌方案。     

Effects of Controlled Ambient Aeration on Rice Quality During On‐Farm Storage

Rice (Oryza sativa L., ‘Cypress’) quality is highly dependent on its handling; hence, new storage treatments must be analyzed for their impact on rice quality. Rough rice from the 2000 season was harvested, dried, and stored in six farm‐scale bins. Three of the bins were aerated with a thermostatically activated controller, and three were aerated under traditional methods. Rice was sampled periodically over 12 weeks, and quality parameters were analyzed. The effects of bin sample position (spatial), bin sample depth, aeration treatment, and storage duration were investigated for their impact on rice quality factors: moisture content, head rice yield, pasting properties, and water absorption. For both aeration treatments at most sampling durations, rice sampled from the center of the bins had significantly lower head rice yield than that sampled from the north and south areas. Overall, moisture contents were not significantly affected by sampling position, although, in some specific sampling time and aeration treatment combinations, significant variation was noticed for moisture content as a function of sampling position. Sample depth within the bin did not cause any changes in the values of the rice properties. Throughout the storage duration, the physicochemical properties of the rice treated with controlled aeration were consistent with the trends of the rice treated with manual aeration. Storage duration significantly influenced (P < 0.05) water absorption, peak viscosity, head rice yield (HRY), and moisture content, with all but moisture content increasing over the storage duration. In contrast, the moisture content of the grain slightly decreased over the storage period.     

加气灌溉与秸秆还田对水稻氮磷损失的影响

秸秆还田对于培育地力、提高作物品质与产量具有重要意义,然而在中国南方水稻种植区稻麦轮作耕作方式下,小麦秸秆还田后出现了水稻田面水质恶化的问题。该研究设置不同秸秆还田以及不同进气量的微纳米加气灌溉6个处理,开展水稻盆栽试验,观察分析水稻生育期内稻田水化学指标以及氮磷损失的变化规律。结果表明：水稻田面水与渗漏水中化学需氧量（Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD）浓度以及氮磷浓度的起伏变化主要受施肥因素影响;秸秆还田条件下水稻田面水COD浓度、总氮（Total Nitrogen,TN）浓度、铵态氮（NH4+-N）浓度、硝态氮（NO3--N）浓度均有所提升,总磷（Total Phosphorus,TP）浓度有所降低;水稻渗漏水COD浓度、NH4+-N浓度在秸秆还田后会有所升高,TN浓度、NO3--N浓度会有所降低;微纳米加气灌溉有利于降低秸秆还田后稻田水的COD浓度、TN浓度、NH4+-N浓度,其最优去除率可达19%、31%、45%。秸秆还田有利于提高稻田氮磷利用率,但是会增加氮素损失量,微纳米加气灌溉可以有效减少小麦秸秆还田后稻田的氮磷损失量,综合考虑改善稻田水COD浓度、减少氮磷损失以及保证水稻产量,推荐使用0.7 L/min进气量的微纳米气泡水对小麦秸秆还田后的水稻进行灌溉。该研究结果可为秸秆还田条件下稻麦轮作区水稻灌溉管理提供理论和技术指导。     

加气灌溉温室番茄地土壤N2O排放特征

加气灌溉引起的土壤中氧气含量改变势必会影响N_2O的产生和排放。为了揭示加气灌溉对秋冬茬温室番茄地土壤N_2O排放的影响,2014年采用静态箱-气相色谱法对加气灌溉土壤N_2O排放进行原位观测,研究秋冬茬温室番茄地土壤N_2O排放对加气灌溉的动态响应。试验采用灌水量(充分灌溉、亏缺灌溉)和加气(加气、不加气)的双因素设计,设置4个处理,分别为加气亏缺灌溉(A1)、不加气亏缺灌溉(CK1)、加气充分灌溉(A2)和不加气充分灌溉(CK2)。结果表明:不同加气灌溉模式下土壤N_2O排放均主要集中在番茄果实膨大期,其他时期排放水平较低。加气和充分供水处理均增加了番茄整个生育期的土壤N_2O排放量,以A2处理最大(120.34 mg/m2),分别是A1和CK1处理的1.89和4.21倍(P0.01),而与CK2处理差异性不显著(P=0.078)。此外,不同灌水水平不加气处理,除N_2O排放主峰值点外,N_2O排放通量与土壤充水孔隙率(water-filled pore space,WFPS)存在指数正相关关系(P0.05),WFPS在46.0%~52.1%时观测到N_2O剧烈释放。可见,加气灌溉增加了温室番茄地土壤N_2O排放,且在亏缺灌溉条件下,加气灌溉对温室番茄地土壤N_2O排放的影响显著。研究结果为评估加气灌溉技术的农田生态效应及设施菜地温室气体减排提供参考。     

加气灌溉改善干旱区葡萄根际土壤化学特性及细菌群落结构

为探讨地下穴贮滴灌条件下根际注气对干旱区葡萄根际土壤化学性质、细菌多样性及群落结构影响。该研究以3a箱栽‘红地球’葡萄为试验材料,以自行设计的地下穴贮滴灌"水肥气"一体化设备作为注气装置,16S高通量基因组测序作为研究土壤细菌多样性及群落结构的关键技术手段。结果表明地下穴贮滴灌根际注气可有效提高土壤pH值,显著增加土壤速效磷(40~50 cm除外)和速效钾含量,促进土层深度20~30 cm土壤有机质分解;对氮磷钾相关菌属的分析表明,根际注气可促进与硝化作用相关的亚硝化螺菌属,磷钾代谢相关的假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属,抑制与反硝化相关的罗尔斯通菌属,表明加气灌溉能促进植株对氮磷钾的吸收与能提高硝化作用、解磷解钾相关菌群数量有关。chao1、shannon指数分析表明地下穴贮滴灌根际注气可有效改变细菌群落丰度,但对细菌群落多样性影响较小;对于细菌门,注气处理增加了放线菌门和硝化螺旋菌门的丰度,其中在40~50 cm土层注气处理放线菌门和硝化螺旋菌门分别比未注气高16.7%与22.7%,达到极显著水平;典型相关分析及相关分析表明,地下穴贮滴灌注气条件下土壤pH值、速效磷和硝酸盐含量是影响细菌群落结构的重要指标。该研究结果可为干旱区地下穴贮滴灌条件下科学合理注气提供理论依据。