均匀设计优化提高羽毛粉消化率的研究

为提高羽毛粉的消化率,本试验以白鸡毛为原料,采用均匀设计试验优化羽毛粉加工工艺.研究结果显示,优化后的羽毛粉酶解工艺为:反应pH 7.5,反应温度46℃,碱性蛋白酶添加量0.9％,脂肪酶添加量0.3％,酶解时间3.5 h,在此工艺下处理得到的酶解羽毛粉呈淡黄色,颗粒细腻均匀且无腥味.羽毛粉中可溶性蛋白质含量为157.3...     

酶解法制备饲用羽毛肽粉

本研究以普通市售羽毛粉为原料,通过正交试验设计,分别研究胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶降解制备饲用羽毛肽粉的条件。综合分析实验结果,建立了3种混合酶降解制备饲用羽毛肽粉的最优工艺:在温度55℃,pH 8,混合酶浓度1/50 g/mL条件下反应24 h,终产品中小分子蛋白含量较无酶组约提高了200%。     

动物蛋白水解酶制备羽毛多肽的工艺优化

通过正交试验并结合中试试验,利用动物蛋白水解酶,研究不同工艺条件下制备的羽毛多肽粉对肽含量、粗蛋白含量和胃蛋白酶消化率等指标的影响,通过对结果进行极差和方差分析,获得制备羽毛多肽粉的最优条件参数。试验表明,制备羽毛多肽粉的最优条件为:底物浓度8%、pH8.5、酶添加量1.5%酶解时间12h,在此条件下获得羽毛多肽粉肽含量66.89%,粗蛋白含量84.99%,胃蛋白酶消化率达到92.95%。     

羽毛粉的膨化加工

本文对羽毛粉的加工方法进行了论述,特别对挤压膨化工艺和设备进行了进一步研究。饲喂结果表明,羽毛粉经挤压膨化可显著提高可消化性。对于羽毛粉,膨化加工极具市场潜力。     

硫酸水解鹅毛杆制取氨基酸蛋白质溶液

羽毛是一种富含高蛋白的物质,它的下端角质部分蛋白质含量高达89%,羽杆的白色部分蛋白质含量约为68%,羽毛含蛋白质约为88%。这种蛋白质主要由硬蛋白类中的角蛋白组成。来经加工的羽毛蛋白不溶解于水,畜禽也难以消化吸收,其原因是羽毛蛋白中胱氨酸的二硫化物键阻碍了蛋白水解酶的作用。因此,为使禽畜能消化羽毛蛋白,必须破坏此化学键。羽毛饲料加工方法有高压加热水解法、酶处理法、化学法、膨化法。本试验采用稀硫酸水解鹅毛杆制取粗氨基酸蛋白质溶液,     

羽毛粉加工工艺与开发

羽毛粉加工产品目前是饲料行业的主要蛋白原料,为了更好地促进羽毛粉的加工利用,提高羽毛粉加工产品的营养价值,结合目前各大中型企业的具体生产工艺,介绍了高温高压水解法、酶解—水解法和生物发酵法3种方法的生产工艺流程、工艺条件及所生产产品的质量特点。通过对比上述方法,说明生物发酵法是未来羽毛粉深加工的理想方法。     

羽毛作为饲料蛋白质来源的加工与利用

由于家禽饲养业的迅猛发展,产生了巨大数量的下脚料和废弃物,主要是血、羽毛、内脏、头、爪等。对这些废弃物如加以适当处理,加工成血粉、羽毛粉、家禽下脚料粉和脂肪等,可以成为畜禽饲料的必需成分,从而取代其它昂贵的饲料配料。潜在的蛋白质来源家禽业目前在许多国家,产生着大量的废异物,其中家禽羽毛占相当大的比例。羽毛是一种潜在的蛋白质来源。由于羽毛蛋白质在其自然状态下单胃动物对它的消化率很     

家禽羽毛废弃物高值化利用研究进展

文章从家禽羽毛角蛋白的结构和理化特性、羽毛废弃物的几种主要的加工工艺 (高温高压加热水解、酶解、微生物发酵等 )、角蛋白酶高产菌种的筛选、家禽羽毛加工产品在生产中的应用以及营养价值评定等方面 ,国内外学者对家禽羽毛废弃物的研究和开发所做的工作进行了总结 ,其中重点论述了微生物发酵法在家禽羽毛高值化利用领域中的研究进展 ,对于羽毛粉高蛋白饲料的进一步研究和新型饲料肽类绿色饲料添加剂的开发具有一定的指导意义。     

奶牛日粮的绿色蛋白精料

在苏联某边区创造了用具有很高生物学价值的苜蓿草加工生产绿色蛋白精料的工艺。绿色蛋白精料中,除蛋氨酸外,其他必需氨基酸含量均符合联合国粮农组织     

羽毛蛋白饲料添加剂的制备工艺研究

实验以鸡羽毛为原料采用化学水解法制备动物饲料添加剂可溶性羽毛蛋白水解物,通过L93(4)正交实验设计以羽毛溶解率为考察指标,确定羽毛蛋白饲料添加剂的最佳制备工艺条件:Ca(OH)2为羽毛质量的13%、固液比1:9、反应温度126℃和反应时间180min。羽毛蛋白水解物的粗蛋白质含量84.70%、胃蛋白酶消化率为90.60%和粗灰分含量11.01%。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.