纯中药饲料添加剂在生长猪日粮中的效果评价

为评价纯中药饲料添加剂在日粮不添加微量矿物元素、维生素、抗生素、氨基酸及胆碱等成分的情况下对生长猪生长性能的影响而进行本试验。选择体重18kg左右、品种一致D×L×Y商品仔猪108头,按性别、体重随机分为3处理,每处理6个重复,每个重复6头。处理1为试验组,日粮添加0.6%中药添加剂但不含微量矿物元素、维生素、抗生素、氨基酸及胆碱等成分;处理2为对照1组,日粮为处理1日粮中0.6%中药添加剂等量替换为统糠;处理3为对照2组,日粮为在处理2日粮基础上添加微量矿物元素、维生素、抗生素、氨基酸及胆碱等添加剂成分的常规商业日粮。试验期50d。结果表明,与采食常规日粮的对照2组比,对照1组因日粮中的添加剂成分(微量元素、维生素、抗生素、氨基酸及胆碱)缺乏,增重极显著下降(约80%)、单位增重耗料大幅度上升(p=0.000);与对照1组比,试验组添加中药添加剂极显著改善增重和饲料/增重(p=0.000),达到与常规商业日粮(对照2组)相当的水平(p=0.506)。从采食量和死淘率来看,试验组与对照2组比无差异(p=1.000),但均显著低于对照1组(p<0.05),幅度分别为约37%和450%。经济效益分析表明,中药添加剂试验组与常规商业饲料的对照2组的单位增重饲料成本相当,而无添加剂成分的对照1组单位增重饲料成本大大高于试验组和对照2组。以上表明,本试验条件下中药添加剂在生长猪日粮中的作用效果与饲料中微量矿物元素、维生素、抗生素、氨基酸及胆碱等添加剂成分的综合作用效果相当,但其可重复性及机理值得进一步验证与研究。     

20～50kg生长猪甘露寡糖适宜添加水平的研究

为研究20～50kg生长猪甘露寡糖的适宜添加水平,采用单因子对比试验,选用体重在20kg左右、60日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪40头,分设对照组、试验1组、试验2组和试验3组,每组10头。分别在基础日粮中添加:甘露寡糖(M OS)0、160、480和800m g/kg。结果表明,(1)在饲粮中添加甘露寡糖,生长猪前期、后期及全程的日增重均比对照组高。在前期,试验2组(M OS480m g/kg)提高最大,与对照组(M OS0m g/kg)相比差异极显著(P<0.01),与试验3组(M OS800m g/kg)、试验1组(M OS160m g/kg)相比差异显著(P<0.05)。而在后期,仅试验2组与对照组达到显著水平(P<0.05);试验各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),对日增重的提高强度有所下降。全程日增重分析,试验2组与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),与试验1组和试验3组差异显著(P<0.05);但试验1组、试验3组、对照组间差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)试验各组料肉比均比对照组低,有降低趋势;从前期、后期及全程看,试验2组降低明显;(3)生物学综合评定值,无论前期、后期及全程,由高到低依次为:试验2组>试验3组>试验1组>对照组;(4)在饲粮中添加M OS可提高生长猪的抗病力,降低腹泻率;在20～30kg前期较30～50kg后期明显,并以试验2组较好,试验3组有轻微诱发腹泻。     

肉鸭日粮中添加喹乙醇和阿散酸饲养效果对比研究

三种肉鸭日粮A、B、C进行对比饲养试验,A为对照组基础日粮,B为基础日粮+50mg/kg喹乙醇,C为基本日粮+100mg/kg阿散酸。经过42d的试验,结果显示:只均增重B组比A组高11.97个百分点,差异极显著(P<0.01),B组比C组高9.85个百分点,差异显著(P<0.05),A组与C组差异不显著(P>0.05);A、B、C组饲料利用率差异不显著(P>0.05);平均每只鸭毛利B组、C组比A组分别高1.45元、0.2元。试验表明B组饲养效果最好。     

纯中药饲料添加剂在生长猪日粮中的效果评价

为评价纯中药饲料添加剂在日粮不添加微量矿物元素、维生素、抗生素、氨基酸及胆碱等成分的情况下对生长猪生长性能的影响而进行本试验。选择体重18kg左右、品种一致D×L×Y商品仔猪108头,按性别、体重随机分为3处理,每处理6个重复,每个重复6头。处理1为试验组,日粮添加0.6%中药添加剂但不含微量矿物元素、维生素、抗生素、氨基酸及胆碱等成分;处理2为对照1组,日粮为处理1日粮中0.6%中药添加剂等量替换为统糠;处理3为对照2组,日粮为在处理2日粮基础上添加微量矿物元素、维生素、抗生素、氨基酸及胆碱等添加剂成分的常规商业日粮。试验期50d。结果表明,与采食常规日粮的对照2组比,对照1组因日粮中的添加剂成分（微量元素、维生素、抗生素、氨基酸及胆碱）缺乏,增重极显著下降（约80%）、单位增重耗料大幅度上升（p=0.000）;与对照1组比,试验组添加中药添加剂极显著改善增重和饲料/增重（p=0.000）,达到与常规商业日粮（对照2组）相当的水平（p=0.506）。从采食量和死淘率来看,试验组与对照2组比无差异（p=1.000）,但均显著低于对照1组（p〈0.05）,幅度分别为约37%和450%。经济效益分析表明,中药添加剂试验组与常规商业饲料的对照2组的单位增重饲料成本相当,而无添加剂成分的对照1组单位增重饲料成本大大高于试验组和对照2组。以上表明,本试验条件下中药添加剂在生长猪日粮中的作用效果与饲料中微量矿物元素、维生素、抗生素、氨基酸及胆碱等添加剂成分的综合作用效果相当,但其可重复性及机理值得进一步验证与研究。     

中草药饲料添加剂对猪生产性能与经济效益的影响

试验比较了3种不同生产工艺制备的中草药添加剂对猪生产性能和经济效益的影响。试验选择48头9kg左右的长×荣二元杂交猪,随机分成试验1、2、3组和对照组,试验组分别添加含1%常粉、1%超微粉、0.3%中药醇-水提取物(相当原药1%)的中草药添加剂.试验结果显示:日增重试验1组比对照组差异显著(p<0.05),试验2、3组比对照组差异极显著(p<0.01),料耗试验1、2、3各组分别比对照组降低饲料消耗1.4%、5.8%、5.2%。在提高饲料报酬,有效预防仔猪疾病和综合经济效益方面,中草药添加剂不同制剂以超微粉碎与提取物制剂效果较好,常规粉剂较差。     

高锌对仔猪生长性能及腹泻率的影响

选取体重接近的DLY(杜×长×大)仔猪40头,随机分成5组,每组8头,试验1组仔猪日粮中锌为90mg/kg,第二组日粮中添加氧化锌1500mg/kg,第三组日粮中添加氧化锌2000mg/kg,第四组日粮中添加氧化锌2500mg/kg,第五组日粮中添加氧化锌3000mg/kg,对各组仔猪生长性能进行方差分析,此次试验结果表明:高锌有促进仔猪的生长速度和提高日采食量的趋势但差异未达显著水平,对饲料转化率并无显著影响。     

肉仔鸡日粮的磷水平等

目前1g无机磷的价格远远超过了1g优质蛋白质,因此在日粮配方时,往往降低了可利用磷的水平.为深入了解低磷日粮的 影响,卢菁、冯定远等设计了一个不使用磷酸氢钙的配方,其总磷水平只相当于对照日粮的有效磷水平,观察其对肉仔鸡的影 响.共分4个处理:1组颗粒料对照组、2组颗粒料低磷组,3组粉料对照组、4组为粉料低磷组.结果:1、2、3、4组日增重分别为 15.74g/d、13.23g/d、15.19g/d、13.31g/d,料肉比分别为1.983、2.285、2.057、2.399,表明日粮中总磷水平偏低时,将降低肉仔鸡 的增重水平,低磷日粮中总磷水平与正常磷日粮中有效磷水平相同时,1～31日龄肉仔鸡的增重水平下降14.17%;同样饲粮转化 率平均下降13.74%.试验提示日粮中磷水平偏低是限制肉仔鸡生长的重要因素之一,生产中一定要注意有机磷的补充. <广东饲料>,2000(6):15～16 生长猪用抗生素的选择 山东省旺达饲料公司韩绍忠、牛如广等选用网床培育的杜长大三元生长猪48头,随机分成4个组,分别饲喂基础日粮+ 60mg/kg金霉素、基础日粮+50mg/kg杆菌肽锌、基础日粮+50mg/kg喹乙醇及不加任何药物添加剂的基础日粮(消化能13.39MJ/ kg、粗蛋白16.59%).结果表明:添加60mg/kg金霉素组生长猪的平均日增重最高、饲料转化率也最高,效果最为理想;50mg/ kg杆菌肽锌组虽然也达到了较高的日增重,但其饲料转化率却没有得到显著提高;50mg/kg喹乙醇组没有观察到促生长作 用.平均日采食量以添加50mg/kg杆菌肽锌组最高,50mg/kg喹乙醇组最低;各试验组腹泻疾病较少,未加抗生素组略多.表 明日粮中添加60mg/kg金霉素对生长猪的生长性能有促进作用,50mg/kg杆菌肽锌可提高日增重,而添加50mg/kg喹乙醇 对生长猪无明显促生长作用. <饲料搏览>,2000(10):36～37 肉鸭日粮中铬的补充 四川畜牧兽医学院刘安芳,肖文川等为探讨铬(吡啶羧酸铬)对肉鸭生长性能、屠宰指标和血清胆固醇含量的影响,选用1 日龄樱桃谷肉鸭500只,随机分为5个组(4个试验组+1个对照组),每组4个重复,每个重复25只.试验采用单因素完全随机 设计.A组为对照组,喂以基础日粮(0～3周龄ME12.12MJ/kg、CP22%,3～6周龄ME12.28MJ/kg,CP17.69%).B、C、D、E组为试 验组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.1mg/kg、0.2mg/kg、、0.3mg/kg和0.4mg/kg吡啶羧酸铬(以铬计),试验期42d.结果表明:试 验组肉鸭的腹脂率和胸肌率极显著优于对照组(P＜0.01),血中胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),而生产性能和屠宰率与对 照组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).提示吡啶羧酸铬对肉鸭生产性能无显著影响,但能极显著降低肉鸭腹脂率,提高胸肌率,而以日 粮中添加0.2mg/kg的效果最好. <饲料工业>,2000(12):16～18 早期断奶仔猪日粮添加肉碱的效应研究 中国农业大学动物科技学院朴香淑、李德发等用21日龄平均体重为5.85kg的断奶仔猪64头,随机分成4组,肉碱添加水平 分别为0、50mg/kg、100mg/kg和150mg/kg.结果表明:添加肉碱不影响仔猪的平均日增重和饲料转化率,但添加100mg/kg肉 碱可显著提高早期断奶仔猪的平均日采食量;各组干物质、粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙和磷消化率不受影响,添加150mg/kg肉碱 可使断奶后0～14d的仔猪对粗脂肪的消化率比添加50mg/kg肉碱组显著降低14.6%(P＜0.05);添加100mg/kg肉碱可使断奶后 15～28d的仔猪对氨基酸的消化率比不添加组提高35%～3.8%(P＜0.01).表明日粮添加100mg/kg肉碱可以显著促进21日龄断奶 仔猪采食和极显著提高断奶后15～28d仔猪对日粮氨基酸的消化率,但对仔猪的生长速度和饲料转化率无显著影响. <饲料工业>,2000(11):9～11 用复方中章药添加剂饲养土鸡 中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所汤少勋等采用江汉土鸡,比较了A组(混合型基础日粮+中草药添加剂)、B组(混合型基 础日粮+抗生素)、C组(玉米型基础日粮+中草药添加剂)和D组(玉米型基础日粮+抗生素)的饲喂效果.中草药添加剂为淮山、黄 柏、苍术、白术和红辣椒置65℃烘箱中烘干,粉碎过40目筛,然后与大蒜素按一定比例混合制成;抗生素为喹乙醇及土霉素钙 盐.结果表明:A组日增重比B、C、D组分别提高20.09%、18.67%、47.52%,经济效益分别提高26.37%、26.05%、59.75%,平均日 采食量提高1.07%、0.73%、9.55%;混合型日粮(玉米+米糠+次粉+大米)比玉米型日粮平均日增重提高20.25%,经济效益提高 26.04%,差异显著(P＜0.05);中草药添加剂日粮(A、C)比抗生素添加剂日粮(B、D)平均日增重提高22.36%,经济效益提高26.67%. 说明用稻米代替部分玉米,用中草药代替抗生素是可行的,尤以混合型日粮+中草药添加剂配伍最佳. <饲料研究>,2000(10):7～9 寡果糖对蛋用鹌鹑生产性能的影响 南京农业大学王国杰、柯叶艳等选用10月龄蛋用鹌鹑,研究日粮添加寡果糖(FOS)对产蛋、脂肪代谢及免疫、内分泌机能 的影响.结果表明,蛋用鹌鹑的产蛋率和蛋重提高、料蛋比下降.FOS 是一种良好的体内代谢改善剂,为肠道内有益菌提供营养 来源,对机体有间接的营养作用.该研究中,饲喂FOS后鹌鹑血液中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)浓度明显升高,提示FOS可通过促进 甲状腺分泌,与产蛋性能相关的甲状腺素增加,从而影响产蛋,并控制家禽的脂肪沉积,调节脂肪代谢,降低血清总胆固醇及蛋 黄胆固醇的含量.并且饲喂寡果糖所产生的大量双歧杆菌可通过提高细胞的免疫功能而产生抗癌作用,本研究也表明饲喂 FOS后,鹌鹑死亡率降低,T淋巴细胞转化率明显提高,提高了鹌鹑的免疫力. <畜牧与兽医>,2000(6):1～2 产蛋鸡日粮铜的添加 中国农科院饲料研究所齐广海、武书庚等用68周龄海赛克斯蛋鸡,研究玉米-大豆粕-棉仁粕型日粮中添加五水硫酸铜 (CuSO45H2O)形式的铜6mg/kg、30mg/kg、60mg/kg、125mg/kg和柠檬酸铜(CuCit)形式的铜6mg/kg、30mg/kg、60mg/kg. 试验结果表明:与对照组(含铜6.4mg/kg)相比,日粮中添加6mg/kg铜(硫酸铜)时耗料最低,蛋壳厚度最大,且随着添加量的 增加蛋壳厚度变薄;日粮中添加30mg/kg铜(硫酸铜)时产蛋率最高,料蛋比最低,蛋壳强度最大.日粮中添加不同铜源及水平 对蛋黄铜含量的影响不大(P＞0.05).与对照组相比,日粮中添加125mg/kg铜(硫酸铜)时肝脏铜水平明显升高(P＜0.05),但各添 加组之间的差异不显著(P＜0.05).随着日粮中铜添加水平的提高,蛋黄和肝脏胆固醇水平显著降低(P＜0.05).就相同添加水平而 言,柠檬酸铜比硫酸铜的降胆固醇效果更为明显. <动物科学与动物医学>,2000(6):14～16     

饲料中添加中草药对罗非鱼免疫性能的影响

为探讨在罗非鱼日粮中添加不同剂量的中草药对其免疫性能的影响,试验选取200尾、体质量为(6.45±0.05)g、健康状态良好的罗非鱼按照单因素随机分组原则分成4个处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复10尾。各组试验罗非鱼分别饲喂含有0、0.2%、0.4%和0.8%的中草药添加剂,其中未添加中草药组为对照组,试验饲养8周后,测定罗非鱼的免疫指标。结果表明,0.4%中草药组的补体C3含量较对照组显著提高30.76%(P0.05);免疫球蛋白G含量比对照组显著提高18.14%(P0.05);溶菌酶活性比对照组显著提高9.56%(P0.05)。不同剂量中草药对补体C4、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M含量未产生显著影响(P0.05)。以上结果表明,在罗非鱼日粮中添加一定剂量的中草药有提高免疫力的功能,且最适添加量为0.4%。     

糖萜素对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选择60头(28±5)日龄的杜×长×大三元杂交商品代断奶仔猪,随机分为3个处理组,每组20个重复,自由采食和饮水。第Ⅰ组即对照组喂以玉米和豆粕为主的基础日粮,第Ⅱ、Ⅲ组即试验组在基础日粮分别添加0.03%和0.05%的糖萜素,即300g/t、500g/t,以研究添加不同浓度的糖萜素,对断奶仔猪生产性能、腹泻率及经济效益的影响。试验分为预试期(7d)和正试期(35d)。结果表明:在仔猪28~70日龄阶段:(1)在基础日粮中添加0.05%的糖萜素对断奶猪的增重、平均日增重有显著影响(P<0.05),其指标显著高于对照组。在料肉比方面,0.05%组明显低于对照组、0.03%组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)在基础日粮中添加0.03%和0.05%的糖萜素均能有效防止仔猪腹泻,以添加0.05%效果更为显著。     

中草药与抗生素作为添加剂对本地鸡生产性能的影响

本试验对本地鸡设计了A、B、C、D四种饲料进行饲养试验,结果表明:A组(混合型基础日粮+中草药添加剂)平均日增重比B组(混合型基础日粮+抗生素添加剂)、C组(玉米型基础日粮+中草药添加剂)、D组(玉米型基础日粮+抗生素添加剂)分别提高20.03%、18.3%、46.8%,与B、C组之间差异显著(P<0.05),与D组之间差异极显著(P<0.01)。经济效益以A组最好,比B、C、D组分别提高26.37%、26.05%、59.75%。平均采食量A组比B、C、D组分别提高1.20%、0.87%、9.87%。A、B组比C、D组平均日增重提高19.94%,差异显著(P<0.05),经济效益提高26.04%。A、C组比B、D组平均日增重提高22.04%,差异显著(P<0.05),经济效益提高22.67%。因此,用稻米来代替部份玉米,用中草药添加剂代替抗生素添加剂是可行的,且能获得较好的日增重和经济效益。     

奶牛抗热应激中草药添加剂对小鼠热耐力的影响

试验研究奶牛抗热应激中草药添加剂对热应激小鼠机体耐力的影响。试验分A、B、C、D4个处理,每个处理20只小鼠,分别喂以不同添加剂浓度的饲料21d[A组:0.5g/(10g体重)、B组:0.25g/(10g体重)、C组:0.13g/(10g体重)、D组0g/(10g体重)],每日光暗节律各12h,自由摄食与饮水。试验结果表明,A、B组体重增加显著高于C、D组(P<0.01),A、B、C组小鼠死亡数显著少于D组(P<0.05),受热90min后,A、B、C组小鼠肛温比D组分别低0.3℃、0.3℃、0.5℃(P<0.05),说明该添加剂具有一定的提高小鼠热耐力作用。     

不同投喂方式对鳙形态特征的影响

为分析不同投喂方式对鳙形态特征的影响,本研究采用了传统形态度量法和框架分析法构建了31个反映体型的形态比例性状,运用单因素方差分析、聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析等统计方法对4种投喂方式下,施肥(组A)、施肥+1/2投饲(组B)、施肥+投饲(组C)、投饲(组D)总共56尾鳙的这些性状进行分析比较。方差分析结果显示,不同处理组间头高/体长、4–6/体长、5–6/体长、5–8/体长等7个比例性状无显著差异,其他24个性状差异显著,但头长/体长在组A、组C和组D中无显著差异。聚类分析结果显示,不同处理组分成2支,其中组A单独聚为一支,而组B、组C和组D共同聚为一支。主成分分析构建了7个主成分,累计贡献率达到了94.6%,其散点图显示,组B、组C和组D部分样本重叠在一起,与组A完全分开。以Bayes逐步判别分析方法选用了6个判别效果较好的比例性状,建立了4个种群的判别函数,不同处理组鳙判别准确率分别为92.7%、87.5%、64.3%和87.5%,说明了本结果的可靠性。结果表明,投饲养殖方式下鳙形态特征发生显著变化,但头部相关的主要比例性状无显著差异,头部至背鳍躯干部距离显著增大,形成了头部偏小的假象。本研究首次以数据结果阐释投饲养鳙仍符合人们喜食的大鱼头特征,为该养殖技术奠定了理论基础。     

复方中草药对草鱼生长和血细胞数量的影响

选取400尾草鱼,平均体质量(62.15±9.78)g,随机分成4组,每组100尾鱼,其中1个对照组(投喂基础饲料),3个试验组[投喂复方中草药:基础饲料中分别添加2%(20g/kg)复方中草药Ⅰ(T1)、Ⅱ(T2)和Ⅲ(T3)]。每组分别在第0、7、14、21、28d采样,进行红细胞及白细胞计数和白细胞分类计数,且在第28d时测定肥满度和内脏指数。在第0、30d时称量质量测定生长指标。试验结果表明,饲养30d后,T1组、T2组、T3组的平均质量增加率分别比对照组提高了41.77%、90.38%和8.56%;在第14d,各试验组的单核细胞百分比极显著高于对照组(P0.01),14～21d,T2组在各试验组中淋巴细胞分类计数值最大。所以,在基础饲料中添加2%复方中草药Ⅱ可显著提高草鱼的生长性能和免疫力(P0.05),在3种试验复方中效果最佳,在生产中具有应用价值。     

Combined diet of yeast,fermented soybean meal,and microparticulate as larval feed in extensive rearing systems for seed production of the oriental river prawn <Emphasis Type="Italic">Macrobrachium nipponense</Emphasis>

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of several types of larval feed on seed production of the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense and water quality in extensive rearing systems. Healthy M. nipponense were distributed into fifteen 15-m² pond outdoors, and each pond was stocked with 90 prawns including 41 egg-bearing (berried) female prawns, 37 not bearing female prawns, and 12 male prawns for larval production. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four diet groups (diet A: soybean homogenate, diet B: yeast, diet C: yeast?+?fermented soybean meal, and diet D: yeast?+?fermented soybean meal?+?microparticulate diet) and one no feeding control and three replications. There are equal levels of the total protein content in diets A–D. Higher larvae and postlarvae number was obtained for diet C and diet D. Furthermore, the increase of M. nipponense larvae and postlarvae in diets B–D can result in the decrease of zooplankton and increase of phytoplankton in the pond during some periods, simultaneously improving the water quality. The Spearman correlation coefficient (r_M,N) between the amounts of larvae and postlarvae of M. nipponense per pond and zooplankton per pond during the entire experiment period was ??0.56. The highest juvenile M. nipponense production was obtained in the diet D group (3140.00?±?461.63), which was slightly higher than that in the diet C group (2940.33?±?382.60). The juvenile M. nipponense production in diet B (2303.00?±?449.23) was also significantly higher compared to diet A (1106.33?±?176.64) and the control group (1039.67?±?212.85). There were no significant differences in the amounts of juvenile M. nipponense between the control and diet A groups, which indicated that the soybean homogenate could not increase the amount of M. nipponense juveniles. Our results clearly showed that diet D significantly raised per unit yield of prawn seed comparing with no feeding and other diet group in extensive rearing systems and that the cost of producing prawn seed with diet D is low, which provide an important foundation for the expansion of oriental river prawn culture.     

Enhancement of Monosex Hybrid Red Tilapia,Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticusProduction in Portable Canvas Tanks Through Mixed-Feeding Strategies

Abstract

The viability of mixed-feeding schedules utilizing low-and high-protein diets for the production of monosex hybrid red tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticuswas evaluated. Male red tilapia juveniles (mean initial weight 16.8±0.08 g) stocked at a rate of 159 fish/m³ in canvas tanks (3.05m × 0.92m × 1.22m) were grown under five different feeding schedules for 24 weeks. Two schedules, using low (25%, A) and high (35%, B) dietary protein were designated as control. Three mixed-feeding schedules tested were: the feeding of 1 day of low protein diet followed by 3 days of high-protein diet (1A/3B); 2 days of low-protein diet followed by 3 days of high-protein diet (2A/3B); and 3 days of low-protein diet followed by 3 days of high-protein diet (3A/ 3B). Results showed that growth performance parameters, such as specific growth rate (% SGR), percent gain, and weight gain were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for fish maintained on the feeding schedule of 3A/3B. Similarly, the feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein retention values were also significantly better for fish grown under this schedule. In terms of production, the 3A/3B feeding schedule also resulted in the highest total yield (kg/m³) and yield above 250 g. The 3A/3B feeding schedule resulted in a 10.1% protein saving relative to Diet B. These results suggest that a 3A/3B feeding schedule be adopted for the best biological and economical performance of red tilapia.     

Evaluation of Mixed-Feeding Schedules with Varying Dietary Protein Content on the Growth Performance and Reduction of Cost of Production for Sutchi Catfish,Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage) with Silver Carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes)

Abstract

An on-station pond trial was conducted for 6 months to investigate the suitability of mixed-feeding schedules with varying protein levels on the growth of sutchi catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmuswith silver carp, Hypophthalmicthys molitrixwith a view to minimizing the cost of production. Five different feeding regimes employed were: high protein diet (30% protein, H), low protein (15% protein, L), one day low protein diet followed by one day high protein diet (1L/1H), 7 day low protein diet followed by 7 day high protein diet (7L/7H), and 14 day low protein diet followed by 14 day high protein diet (14L/14H). Ten experimental ponds each of 0.008 ha size were divided into 5 treatment groups each with two replicates. Fishes were stocked at the ratio of 80:20 (sutchi catfish:silver carp) at the total rate of 25,000/ha. Feeding rate was calculated only on the basis of sutchi catfish weight only and fish were fed at the rate of 15,10, 8, and 5% of their body weight for 1st, 2nd, 3rd months, and the rest of the experimental period, respectively. The ranges of water quality parameters during the study period were: temperature 22°C to 32.8°C, dissolved oxygen 4.30 to 7.44 mg/L, pH 6.85 to 7.50, and transparency 21.9 to 32.2 cm. The result of the study showed that significantly (P < 0.05) higher fish weight gain was achieved in feeding schedules of H and 1L/1H and lowest with 14L/14H. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) values ranged between 2.06 and 2.51 with H and 1L/1H showing significantly the best FCR. The FCR values were very low when weight of silver carp was considered which ranged between 1.58 and 1.68. The survival (%) of sutchi catfish were lower (78.1 to 82.5%) compared to that of silver carp (90–95%). The total production of sutchi catfish ranged between 3594 and 7095 kg/ha and silver carp ranged between 1777 and 2220 kg/ha. A simple economic analysis showed that fish in 1L/1H fed alternately with low and high protein diets resulted in the highest net profit. The result of the study suggest that for profitable sutchi catfish farming in Bangladesh, farmers can adopt a mixed-feeding schedule of alternated low and high protein diet instead of continuously feeding a high protein diet.     

Effects of dietary vitamin C on growth,flesh quality and antioxidant capacity of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus

To investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C on growth, flesh quality and antioxidant capacity of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus, a 56‐day feeding trial with five graded levels of dietary VC (D1: 11.69, D2: 34.89, D3: 59.10, D4: 114.26 and D5: 227.93 mg VC per kg of diet) was performed on 375 fish (triplicate groups of 25 fish per diet, initial weight 13.57 ± 0.09 g). Results showed that fish of D3 group exhibited the maximum specific growth rate (SGR) and the highest liver enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), which were consistent with the expression levels of cat and gsh‐px. Besides, the D3 group also showed higher contents of protein and lipid, and lower cooking loss, drip loss and malondialdehyde content in muscle than D1 group. The docosahexaenoic acid proportion in muscle increased with increasing dietary VC levels. Furthermore, the lowest expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (cpt1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (pparα) were detected in livers of D3 group. The optimum dietary VC level was 49.73 mg/kg from the broken‐line analysis based on the SGR, in which better growth performance, antioxidative ability and flesh quality were observed in T. ovatus juveniles.     

奇可利和紫花苜蓿对新西兰白兔生产性能影响的研究

选取35日龄和45日龄的断奶新西兰白兔各24只,分别随机分为3组,每组8只。对照组只喂精料,试验I组用紫花苜蓿代替20%基础日粮,试验II组用奇可利代替20%基础日粮,比较这3组试验兔的增重、日增重、生长速度、料重比,分析比较2种牧草的经济效益。结果显示:试验期内试验I组日增重分别为36.88、37.18g,试验II组日增重分别为35.40、35.65g,对照组日增重分别为33.63、34.39g,试验I组、试验II组和对照组肉兔的只均增重和日增重均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);但试验I组的料重比分别比对照组下降4.60%、4.68%,试验II组的料重比分别比对照组下降9.51%、9.06%;试验II组比试验I组和对照组的只均获利高,经济效益好。由此可见,用奇可利和紫花苜蓿代替部分精饲料是可行的。     

配合饲料投喂量和粒径对绿盘鲍稚鲍生长和存活的影响

在水温15.8～24.7℃下,将小规格(壳长为1.03±0.02 cm)和中规格(壳长为1.57±0.03 cm)绿盘鲍(GS-02-003-2018)(皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discus hannai Ino♀×绿鲍H.fulgens♂)稚鲍分成A、B、C和D 4个组,饲养在240 mm×170 mm×285 m...     

Further studies on the use of mixed feeding schedules with plant- and animal-based diets for common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)

A growth trial was conducted on common carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) fry in cement tanks for 100 days in order to test the efficacy of mixed feeding schedules. The diets tested were a fishmeal‐based diet (diet D with 30.9% protein) and three Colocasia esculenta‐based diets (diet A with 16.7% protein, diet B with 19.7% protein and diet C with 25.8% protein) separately and in three mixed feeding combinations of diet A, B and C with D on alternate 2 days (2A/2D, 2B/2D and 2C/2D, where the numeral indicates the number of days that the particular diet was offered continuously). The results revealed no difference in growth of common carp fed the plant protein‐based diets A and B (P > 0.05). Although the fish fed on diets C and D and mixed feeding combinations 2A/2D and 2B/2D performed comparably and higher than those on diets A and B, the schedule 2C/2D resulted in the highest final weight. Specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and RNA/DNA ratios were the highest in the 2C/2D schedule. Among the mixed feeding schedules, the highest saving in protein and cost was recorded with the 2A/2D schedule, followed by 2B/2D and 2C/2D. An increase in dietary protein led to decreased protein and increased fat deposition in the carcass. An increasing trend in the protease and amylase activities was recorded with increased dietary protein level. The study highlighted the efficient utilization of plant proteins by common carp under mixed feeding schedules.