Quality control recommendations and procedures for in-clinic laboratories.

The design and use of quality control materials and rationale for implementation of a quality monitoring program are discussed. A simplified approach to a quality monitoring program suitable for in-clinic laboratories is presented. Use of blood films and the mean cell hemoglobin concentration value as adjuncts to quality monitoring in hematology is described. Over time, it is hoped that the profession more widely embraces, if not demands, implementation of quality monitoring for in-clinic laboratory diagnostics.     

Painless control of controlled substances

Objective: To explain the regulations regarding controlled substance use, and present the veterinary practitioner with simple systems for ensuring complete regulatory compliance. Data source: United States Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Agency. Conclusions: All practitioners using controlled substances should perform mental audits and ask the following questions of their practice: can I trace the ultimate disposition of every dosing unit of controlled substances used in my hospital from purchase to patient? Are all controlled substances stored in an adequately secure location such as a locking cabinet or safe? Have I performed an actual count inventory of all controlled substances in my practice within the last 2 years? Do I have a system that will alert me to any controlled substances that have been diverted or are unaccounted for? Are all of my controlled substance invoices and order forms in an easily retrievable yet secure storage area? Do I have documented policy and procedure indicating my practice standards for compliant use of controlled substances?     

Perspectives and advances in in-clinic laboratory diagnostic capabilities: hematology and clinical chemistry.

The typical technologies used in veterinary hematology and biochemical analyzers are reviewed, along with associated advantages and disadvantages. Guidelines for implementing a successful in-clinic laboratory are provided, including criteria for system evaluation and expectations for comparative performance evaluations. The more common problems and limitations associated with in-clinic laboratory diagnostics and how to best prevent them are also discussed.     

提高MSY质量是实现低成本养猪的重要技术路径

MSY质量包含商品猪的生长速率、饲料利用率、瘦肉率和屠宰率等生产指标。MSY质量与猪场利润密切相关，比如猪的生长速率越快，则维持消耗越少，自然，饲料成本支出就越低；饲料利用率越高，单位增重耗料越少；同时，饲料支出成本越低，瘦肉率达到品种标准，销售价格会更高，合成耗料就会更少；屠宰率越高，可卖部分就越多，最终收入就越高。因此，提高MSY质量是实现低成本养猪的重要技术路径。     

一种蓝莓不良症状的诊断方法

本文介绍了一种分析蓝莓生长不正常时原因的方法,通过4个步骤的原因分析,从而帮助蓝莓种植者作出正确地判断并解决问题。     

Cheap food and feeding the world sustainably

Feeding the world requires local, national and global solutions in view of the expected world population of 10 billion by 2050. Sustainability must characterize the socio-economic infrastructures as well the scientific and technical components. Today almost half the world population lives on two dollars a day or less and although poor, most are not hungry. WTO objectives for world trade include agriculture and food with the hope of supplying cheap food based on and generated by a capital intensive system. However, the current paradigm of producing ever cheaper food in the West is found to be increasingly unsustainable and, if introduced globally, will create a variety of instabilities. A policy of feeding the growing cities of the developing world with imported Western food would remove domestic markets from poor farmers and would also risk large-scale famine when global food trade breaks down. The only sustainable alternative is to empower poor farmers to help themselves to serve their own domestic markets thus modelling the Western strategy for agriculture which has moved from free trade to protection. The capitalist system must be designed to enhance quality of life by building up and not by destroying rural communities. To achieve this aim the Western concept of cheap food needs replacement by a new paradigm emphasizing quality of life. Global solutions for feeding the developing world require ethical behaviour by rich and powerful nations in addition to technical and economic inputs. Proposals are made to exclude agriculture and food from the WTO, to build-up agriculture and protect domestic food markets in developing countries, to continue but redirect government payments to Western farmers for sustaining natural resources and rural life, and to require consumers to pay the real cost of food.     

Review of Methods to Reduce Livestock Depradation: I. Guardian Animals

The use of domestic animals to protect livestock was reviewed through visits to actual users, discussions with experts and a thorough literature search. Costs and benefits were analysed in terms of reduced livestock losses. The most common guardian animals are dogs, which have been shown to reduce predation (documented mostly for coyote) by 11?100%. Livestock guardian dogs have also been used effectively against bear, wolf and cheetah. Donkeys are also used as guardian animals, and their effectiveness lies in their natural herding behaviour and aggression, especially against canids. The effectiveness of donkeys varies considerably dependent upon the predator species and the temperament of the individual donkey. Llamas are also used as a guardian animal, with approximately the same characteristics as the donkeys, and will defend themselves against most predators. The use of guardian animals appears to be an effective tool for reducing livestock depredation and should be evaluated in areas with high predation losses against the cost of changing production systems.     

Total joint replacement in the dog.

Total joint replacement has evolved over the past 50 years from a concept that was first attempted in people suffering from osteoarthritis to a commonly applied practice in veterinary medicine. Although many questions have been answered, several controversies still exist, with many implant and technical options being explored. Currently, total hip and elbow replacement are commercially available options viable for use in dogs. These options are detailed in this article.Joint replacement for other canine joints (ie, knee, hock, shoulder) that develop osteoarthritis likely will be developed in the near future.     

Cone beam computed tomography and intraoral radiography for diagnosis of dental abnormalities in dogs and cats

The development of veterinary dentistry has substantially improved the ability to diagnose canine and feline dental abnormalities. Consequently, examinations previously performed only on humans are now available for small animals, thus improving the diagnostic quality. This has increased the need for technical qualification of veterinary professionals and increased technological investments. This study evaluated the use of cone beam computed tomography and intraoral radiography as complementary exams for diagnosing dental abnormalities in dogs and cats. Cone beam computed tomography was provided faster image acquisition with high image quality, was associated with low ionizing radiation levels, enabled image editing, and reduced the exam duration. Our results showed that radiography was an effective method for dental radiographic examination with low cost and fast execution times, and can be performed during surgical procedures.     

Evaluation of an in-clinic Serum Amyloid A (SAA) assay and assessment of the effects of storage on SAA samples

Background

An in-clinic assay for equine serum amyloid A (SAA) analysis, Equinostic EVA1, was evaluated for use in a clinical setting. Stability of SAA in serum samples was determined.

Methods

Intra- and inter- assay variation of the in-clinic method was determined. The in-clinic method (EVA1) results were compared to a reference method (Eiken LZ SAA) with 62 patient samples. For samples with SAA concentrations within the assay range of EVA1 (10-270 mg/L), differences between the methods were evaluated in a difference plot. Linearity under dilution was evaluated in two samples. Stability of SAA in three serum pools stored at 4°C and approximately 22°C was evaluated with the reference method day 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 17 and analysed with a two-way ANOVA.

Results

The imprecision (coefficient of variation, CV) for the in-clinic method was acceptable at higher SAA concentrations with CV values of 7,3-12%, but poor at low SAA concentrations with CV values of 27% and 37% for intra- and inter-assay variation respectively. Recovery after dilution was 50-138%. The in-clinic assay and the reference method identified equally well horses with low (<10 mg/L) and high (>270 mg/L) SAA concentrations. Within the assay range of the in-clinic method, 10-270 mg/L, the difference between the two methods was slightly higher than could be explained by the inherent imprecision of the assays. There were no significant changes of serum SAA concentrations during storage.

Conclusions

The in-clinic assay identified horses with SAA concentrations of <10 mg/L and >270 mg/L in a similar way as the reference method, and provided an estimate of the SAA concentration in the range of 10-270 mg/L. The imprecision of the in-clinic method was acceptable at high SAA concentrations but not at low concentrations. Dilution of samples gave inconsistent results. SAA was stable both at room temperature and refrigerated, and thus samples may be stored before analysis with the reference method.     

浅议同德县“黑土型”退化草地的成因及其综合治理

同德县43．54万hm2天然草地中退化草地约占45．4％,而严重退化的“黑土型”退化草地占17．7％,并且由于超载过牧、鼠虫危害等因素,呈逐年扩大趋势。因此,对这类草地进行综合防治的探讨势在必行。根据同德县实际,提出了限制载畜量、建立人工草地等防治措施。     

Laboratory procedures.

The main foundation to veterinary medicine is the availability of laboratory tests. These tests may be performed in-clinic or at diagnostic laboratories. In-clinic testing is advantageous in producing quick results, but demands sound technical ability, basic equipment,and access to some routine and special reagents. Laboratory-based testing can back up those routine techniques that mayor may not be available at the clinic level as well as provide specialized testing. The knowledge of commercially available diagnostic services is important as well as preparation and proper shipping of samples for accurate determinations.     

提升饲料企业品质管理助力乡村振兴战略

实施乡村振兴战略是新时代党的历史使命,乡村发展正迎来前所未有的挑战和机遇.饲料企业的高质量发展是推动乡村全面发展的重要力量.当前,饲料企业在提高品质管理过程中面临着恶意降低成本、疏于监督管理、技术水平不足等问题.饲料企业可以从科学设计配方、挑选优质原料、优化生产过程、保障质量检测几个方面来全面提高品质管理,从而助力乡村...     

Beef alliances: motivations, extent, and future prospects.

With their growth, it is important to consider how alliances will impact the beef industry in the future. Alliances have the potential to make sweeping changes to cattle production, live and feeder cattle marketing, food safety protocols, use of government grades and standards, ownership structure, supply chain management, wholesale and retail product marketing, risk management, and many other industry activities. In an effort to address these issues, this article addresses the following questions: What is an alliance? What has motivated their proliferation? What have we learned from alliances? What aspects of alliances affect their likelihood of success or failure? What is the future of alliances? Are they a fad or a long-term evolving industry structural change?     

中国奶酪行业发展现状和趋势

近年来,人们对于营养和健康的需求日益增加,奶酪因其营养和健康特性已悄然成为我国饮食消费界的新宠.仅2005—2006年,我国奶酪的销售额和进口量分别同比增长27.08％和27.4％.我国奶酪行业的市场规模一直处于上升状态,目前,中国奶酪的生产主要集中在新疆、西藏等少数民族聚集地区,各民族根据自己的生活习惯及地区特点,使...     

Hematology without the numbers: in-clinic blood film evaluation.

Technical advances have made it possible for many private veterinary practices to purchase reasonably priced automated hematology instruments to perform in-clinic blood analyses. Although these instruments can quickly provide "numbers" to the clinician, evaluation of a well-made blood film can often provide information critical to the interpretation of those numbers. Blood film review is essential to identify important abnormalities such as neutrophilic left shifts and toxic change, neoplastic cells, hemoparasites, and erythrocyte morphologic changes that may suggest the cause of an anemia. Additionally, the blood film provides an important quality control measure for the automated hematology results. This article outlines a simple method of blood film evaluation, highlights the most common clinically important abnormalities, and reinforces the importance of blood film evaluation as a quality control measure.     

草业职业技术教育现状、问题和改革的探讨

概观目前中国草业职业技术教育机构,百所国家示范性高职院校中,青海畜牧兽医职业技术学院是唯一开设草业专业的学院。为此,回顾该学院草业专业发展沿革历程,分析专业课程体系和人才培养模式的改革成果和存在问题,提出以下发展构想:草业职业技术教育的专业及其方向应由"草地农业系统的4个生产层"衍生而成,专业课程体系与国家职业资格体系和专业技术职称体系相衔接,学院与企业合作开展应用技术推广示范,建立由草产业主导的全国管理机构。本文以期为我国草业职业技术教育提供参考。     

A strategy for developing educational evaluations for learner,course, and institutional goals

The curricula for both veterinary and human medicine are undergoing review and change as a new and highly competitive practice environment influences what abilities graduates require to be successful. Concerning many is the contention that some graduates lack skills and aptitudes necessary for economic success. If significant changes are to be considered for the curricula of either profession, it will be difficult to plan for meaningful change in the absence of high-quality information about the needs of graduates and related curriculum gaps. The purpose of this article is to argue why educators should design more effective systems of evaluation that are responsive to the needs of educational program planning. One example from a medical school is described. In this case, the authors discuss how their institution's evaluations were insufficient for answering new and important questions that go beyond traditional cognitive measures: specifically, no data set was available that allowed the institution to answer questions about practice environment and curricular innovations. More recently, institutions have become interested in learning to what extent their broad missions are accomplished or not. Similarly, academic leaders are not simply interested in performance of learners on tests of competence; they want to know more about how their graduates are doing in the practice setting. To answer questions such as these, educators must expand their systems of evaluations to address these broader themes. The authors conclude by identifying several lessons learned from their experiences in developing a new system of educational program evaluation.     

鸡滑液囊支原体感染的诊断与防控

旨在为鸡滑液囊支原体感染的检测、诊断和防控提供参考。通过查阅与鸡滑液囊支原体（MS）感染的检测、诊断和防控相关的文献资料发现：血清学检测方法操作简单、诊断快速，常作为MS感染的初步诊断方法，但其存在常出现非特异性交叉反应而影响诊断准确性的问题；分离培养MS病原的难度大、耗时长，不能快速做出诊断；分子生物学诊断方法快速、灵敏，有明显的优势，但技术条件要求较高。最终确诊需要多种诊断方法联合使用，可采用ELISA与PCR法检测，并结合临床症状和病理变化来判断鸡场MS的感染情况。通过采取净化种鸡群、加强饲养管理及生物安全管理、接种疫苗等措施可有效防控MS感染。