Effect of expanded cottonseed meal on laying performance,egg quality,concentrations of free gossypol in tissue,serum and egg of laying hens

Three hundred and sixty Hy‐Line Brown hens, 40 week of age, were allocated to five treatments, each of which included four replicates of 18 hens. After an expanded process of cottonseed meal (CSM), free gossypol content in CSM was decreased from 1.24 to 0.40 g/kg. The dietary treatments were corn‐soybean meal based diets including 6% CSM and 6%, 8% and 10% expanded cottonseed meal (ECSM). Hens fed 8% ECSM had higher (P < 0.05) laying rate and average egg weight than those fed 6% CSM. The albumen height and Haugh unit in the control group, 6% and 8% ECSM groups were superior (P < 0.05) to other treatments. Hens fed 6% CSM resulted in severe (P < 0.05) egg yolk discoloration. Free gossypol (FG) concentrations in yolk and albumen and tissues of the 6% CSM group were greater (P < 0.05) than those in any ECSM treatments. Hens fed 6% CSM and 10% ECSM had the highest (P < 0.05) FG concentrations in the liver compared with those in the kidney and muscle, and higher (P < 0.05) FG residues in yolk than those in albumen. In conclusion, FG in CSM can be reduced by 68% through an expanded process and ECSM can be available in laying hens at up to 10% of the total diet and an appropriate replacement of soybean meal with ECSM may improve performance in laying hens.     

Effects of phenyllactic acid on production performance,egg quality parameters,and blood characteristics in laying hens

Organic acids have been widely used as feed additives to replace antibiotics in livestock feeds. Data on the use of phenyllactic acid (PLA) are lacking. The effects of PLA on production performance, egg quality parameters, and blood characteristics in laying hens were studied in a 35-d experiment. A total of 240 ISA Brown 36-wk-old layers were divided into the following 4 treatments: 1) control (basal diet), 2) control + 0.1% PLA, 3) control + 0.2% PLA, and 4) control + 0.3% PLA. Although supplementing the diet with PLA did not affect ADFI and FE, it linearly improved egg production rate, eggshell breaking strength, and Haugh units. Egg weight, eggshell thickness, and egg yolk color were not significantly altered by supplementing the diet with PLA. White blood cell, red blood cell, total protein, and albumin concentrations were higher in the control + 0.1% PLA and control treatment groups (P < 0.05), whereas the groups fed the control + 0.2% PLA and control + 0.3% PLA diets had greater (P < 0.05) lymphocyte concentrations. In conclusion, PLA may exert some positive effects to the immune system and egg production over the short term. It may be beneficial to supplement the diets of laying hens with PLA in the absence of antibiotics. This experiment involved a small experimental sample and a short time, so the beneficial effects of PLA should be studied further in commercial farms over the long term.     

合生素对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

在我国传统养殖生产中,抗生素一直被用作饲料添加剂来控制畜禽疾病和提高生产性能。但随着抗生素的大量使用,其带来的负面影响日趋严重。药物残留和耐药菌株的产生及畜禽产品质量的下降,已对畜牧业可持续发展和人类健康带来严重的影响。研制开发无公害和无残留的饲料添加剂替代     

甪里艾叶粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能与蛋品质的影响

为了研究甪里艾叶粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能与蛋品质的影响,试验选用50周龄健康状况良好、生产性能相近的海兰褐蛋鸡288只,随机分为四组,一个对照组,三个试验组,各组甪里艾叶粉分别添加0、1%、2%、3%,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,预试期为7 d,试验时间为42 d。结果显示:(1)甪里艾叶粉对产蛋性能的影响:试验各组的平均日产蛋重均高于对照组(P0.05),分别提高了2.62%、3.58%、2.41%;随着艾叶粉添加量的增加,平均日采食量显著减少(P0.05),分别减少了2.76%、3.29%、3.62%;试验各组料重比均显著低于对照组(P0.05),分别降低了5.10%、6.63%、5.61%;随着甪里艾叶粉添加量的增加,产蛋率分别提高了2.85%(P0.05)、3.99%(P0.01)、5.93%(P0.01)。试验各组的蛋重与对照组均无显著差异(P0.05)。(2)甪里艾叶粉对蛋品质的影响:甪里艾叶粉可显著提高蛋的比重(P0.05),其中添加量为2%时差异极显著(P0.01)。各组间的蛋形指数、哈氏单位、蛋黄颜色差异均不显著(P0.05)。但试验各组的蛋白高度分别提高了8.92%(P0.05)、11.29%(P0.05)、10.21%(P0.05),哈氏单位则相应提高了4.51%、5.67%、5.69%。各组间的蛋壳指标差异不显著(P0.05)。试验各组的蛋白比率、蛋黄比率差异不显著(P0.05),随着甪里艾叶粉添加量的增加,蛋壳比率逐渐降低,其中添加2%和3%的甪里艾叶粉可显著降低蛋壳比率(P0.05)。甪里艾叶粉可以改善海兰褐蛋鸡的产蛋性能,蛋的比重和蛋白高度显著提高,蛋壳比率呈降低的趋势。     

Effect of dietary digestible lysine concentration on performance,egg quality,and blood metabolites in laying hens

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary digestible lysine concentration on productive performance, egg quality, and blood metabolites in laying hens. A completely randomized block design was performed with 5 treatments and 6 replicates of 8 Hy-line W-36 hens each, from 32 to 44 wk of age. The treatments were 5 digestible lysine concentrations (0.657, 0.707, 0.757, 0.807, and 0.857% of diet). Feed intake was significantly increased with each increment in dietary digestible lysine concentration. Significant improvement in egg production, egg weight, egg mass, Haugh unit, and FCR were observed by an increase in lysine intake. Dietary lysine concentration did not have a significant impact on percentage of egg components, specific gravity, eggshell thickness, DM, and protein constituents of eggs. Dietary digestible lysine concentration did not have a significant effect on triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid, and total protein in plasma. The digestible lysine requirements for optimal egg production, egg mass, and egg weight (32 to 44 wk of age), based on the linear broken-line regression analysis, were 814, 810 and 778 (mg/b/d), respectively. Whereas, these values were 4, 3.9, and 6 percent less than those estimated by the quadratic broken-line model, respectively.     

深海鱼肽对鸡蛋品质和蛋鸡消化率的影响研究

以含有深海鱼肽的维他快预混剂、肽多蛋预混料为原料，研究添加0．1％、0．2％的维他快和添加8％的肽多蛋对蛋种鸡、蛋品质的影响，以及维他快对各种营养成分消化吸收的影响。采用试验饲料对蛋鸠进行为期8周的饲养，人工喂料、拣蛋，在试验结束后进行代谢试验及蛋品质的检测。结果表明，添加深海鱼肽有利于改善鸡蛋品质，加强蛋壳质量，提高鸡蛋的营养价值；另外，深海鱼肽能显著提高饲料粗灰分的消化吸收，尤其是磷的吸收，其他各项营养成分差异不显著，但较对照组都有所提高。     

Effect of digestible methionine + cystine concentration on performance,egg quality and blood metabolites in laying hens

1. The estimation of sulphur amino acid requirement is a vital key to providing appropriate nutrition in poultry. The estimation of amino acid requirement depends on what production parameter is taken into consideration for optimisation.

2. A complete randomised block design was performed with 5 treatments and 6 replicates of 8 Hy-line layers (W-36) each from 32 to 44 weeks of age. The blocks were made to have a replicate of each treatment. The dietary treatments were consisted of 5 concentrations of digestible sulphur amino acid (DSAA) at 5.1, 5.6, 6.1, 6.6 and 7.1 (g/kg).

3. Egg production, egg mass, egg weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly affected by an increase in DSAA intake. However, feed intake, egg component yield, Haugh unit, specific gravity, eggshell thickness, egg protein and dry matter (DM) were not altered by DSAA intake.

4. A significant increment in plasma high-density lipoprotein was concomitant with a reduction in low-density lipoprotein when DSAA intake was increased. However, triglyceride, cholesterol, uric acid and total protein in plasma were not affected by DSAA intake.

5. The DSAA requirements estimated by the linear broken-line model to optimise egg production, egg mass, egg weight and FCR were 678, 673, 641 and 656 mg/bird.d in the whole experimental period, respectively.

6. The DSAA requirement estimated by the quadratic broken-line model to optimise egg production, egg mass, egg weight and FCR were 4.71%, 7.87%, 8.73% and 7.62% higher than those estimated by linear broken-line fit model in the whole experimental period, respectively.

     

Effect of caprylic acid and Yucca schidigera extract on production performance, egg quality, blood characteristics, and excreta microflora in laying hens

1. A total of 240 Hy-line brown laying hens (36-week-old), were used in this 8 week experiment to evaluate the effect of caprylic acid and Yucca schidigera extract (CY) on production performance, egg quality, blood characteristics, and excreta microflora.

2. Layers were divided into 5 dietary treatment groups which consisted of: (1) NC, basal diet; (2) PC, basal diet?+?110?mg/kg of tylosin; (3) CY1, basal diet?+?30?mg/kg caprylic acid?+?30?mg/kg Yucca extract; (4) CY2, basal diet?+?60?mg/kg caprylic acid?+?60?mg/kg Yucca extract; (5) CY3, basal diet?+?120?mg/kg caprylic acid?+?120?mg/kg Yucca extract. The Yucca extract contained 12·5% saponins.

3. Egg production was unaffected, whereas egg weights and feed efficiency were linearly improved by the addition of CY. There were no differences in the egg quality parameters throughout the experimental period. Plasma total triglyceride and cholesterol concentration in plasma and egg yolk were decreased as utilisation of CY increased. The Escherichia coli counts were linearly inhibited by the CY treatments when compared with the NC treatment at both the 5 and 8 week stages. No difference was observed on the Lactobacillus population through the whole experimental period.

4. In conclusion, the addition of 120?mg/kg caprylic acid and 120?mg/kg Yucca extract exerted positive effects on egg weight and feed efficiency, decreased the serum and yolk cholesterol concentration and reduced the proliferation of Escherichia coli.     

饲养方式及日粮对固始鸡蛋胆固醇含量的影响

试验选用630只12周龄的固始蛋用母鸡,按平均体质量分成7组,每组3个重复。第1～6组放养,分别饲喂6种不同配方的日粮;第7组笼养,饲喂日粮与第1组试鸡相同。结果表明,第1和第7组每克蛋黄胆固醇含量及每枚鸡蛋胆固醇含量差异不显著,说明饲养方式对降低鸡蛋胆固醇含量无明显效果,但放养表现出一定的优势,放养鸡蛋黄比例比笼养鸡低,放养鸡每枚鸡蛋胆固醇含量比笼养鸡低7.35%;对放养鸡而言,当日粮中蛋白质水平为13.77%时,每克蛋黄胆固醇含量随日粮中代谢能水平的提高而上升,提高日粮中蛋白质水平将显著提高蛋黄中胆固醇浓度。     

Effect of yeast with bacteriocin from rumen bacteria on laying performance,blood biochemistry,faecal microbiota and egg quality of laying hens

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of yeast with bacteriocin from Ruminococcus albus 7 (albusin B) on physiological state and production performance of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 26‐week‐old Single Comb White Leghorn (Hyline) laying hens were assigned into five groups including: (i) control group, (ii) yeast control (YC), (iii) 0.125% yeast with bacteriocin (0.125B), (iv) 0.25% yeast with bacteriocin (0.25B) and (v) 0.5% yeast with bacteriocin (0.5B). All supplements were added to the experimental diets of the hens from 26 to 46 weeks of age. Samples were collected every 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected from the wing vein for blood biochemical parameters assay, and faecal samples were collected by swab for the microbiota test. The egg production performance was recorded daily, and fresh eggs were collected for quality test. The blood biochemical assay results indicated that the addition of yeast with bacteriocin decreased the AST (aspartate aminotransferase) activity and it also affects the lactate concentration in laying hen blood. The result of egg quality indicated that yeast with bacteriocin supplementation had no effect on the mass of yolk and the strength of eggshell, but it had positive effect on the laying performance under hot environment. Low concentration bacteriocin (0.125B) supplementation could decrease total yolk cholesterol. The faecal microbiota result indicated that the supplementation of bacteriocin increased the lactobacilli counts. The yeast with bacteriocin supplementation significantly decreased the clostridia counts under hot environment condition, especially in hens receiving 0.25B. Combining the data from clinic chemistry, faecal microbiota, egg production and egg quality, the 0.25B supplementation may result in the best physiological parameter and egg production performance of laying hen.     

鲎素抗菌肽对蛋鸡产蛋后期蛋品质及蛋壳超微结构的影响

旨在探索鲎素抗菌肽对海兰褐蛋鸡产蛋后期蛋品质及子宫CaBP-D28k mRNA表达量的影响及其机理探讨。随机选取600只385日龄海兰褐蛋鸡,分为对照组、试验组,每组各3个重复,每个重复100只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加鲎素抗菌肽,鲎素抗菌肽发酵液最适添加剂量为0.01 L/kg,按饲料所需量配比添加,预饲期7 d,试验期35 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组产蛋率提高8.86%(P0.05),料蛋比、破蛋率分别降低2.68%和12.76%(P0.05);试验组蛋壳强度比对照组提高了18.97%(P0.05),哈氏单位、蛋壳相对质量和蛋壳厚度均有上升的趋势;试验组蛋壳表面皴裂纹数较少,裂隙变小,纵切面结构中垂直晶体层完整,栅栏层结构整齐,上下层面平滑,栅栏层气孔数量少,乳头层乳头数目少且宽;试验组蛋鸡子宫内CaBP-D28k mRNA表达水平显著提升(P0.01)。可见,鲎素抗菌肽可提高CaBP-D28k参与产蛋过程中钙的代谢过程,调控蛋鸡体内钙代谢发挥功能作用。     

复合微生态制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和肠道形态的影响

试验在基础饲粮中添加由丁酸梭菌和屎肠球菌组成的复合微生态制剂,研究其对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡的产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、肠道形态的影响.选取产蛋率和体重接近的40周龄健康的海兰褐蛋鸡400只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只鸡.对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加200 g/t金霉素,试验1组、2组...     

Effect of dietary xylanase on energy, amino acid and mineral metabolism, and egg production and quality in laying hens

1. The aim was to examine the effect of dietary xylanase on the availability of nutrients for laying hens when fed on wheat-rye-soy-based diets. The basal diet was formulated to contain 11.03 MJ/kg apparent metabolisable energy (AME), and the experimental diets were formulated by supplementing the basal diet with four different activities of xylanase (400, 800, 1200 and 1600 xylanase units (XU)/kg). 2. The AME and nitrogen metabolisability coefficients of xylanase-supplemented diets were 1.2% and 7.1%, respectively, greater than in the control diet. 3. Supplementary xylanase significantly improved the coefficients of metabolisability of indispensable, dispensable and total amino acids by 8.2%, 6.9% and 7.8%, respectively, and led to a significantly linear response of total amino acid metabolisability coefficient to xylanase. There was a range of effects within the indispensable amino acids with xylanase supplementation (1600 XU/kg) significantly improving the metabolisability of threonine by 4.9%, but having no have effect on lysine. The response of total amino acid retention to added xylanase was a significant quadratic function and suggests that 800 XU/kg is the optimum supplementary dosage. 4. Supplementary xylanase significantly improved sulphur metabolisability in a linear fashion to a maximum of 2.3% higher than that of the control diet. In terms of daily retention, most of the minerals responded in a quadratic manner to dietary xylanase, as the suggested optimal supplementary level was between 800 and 1200 XU/kg. 5. The yolk colour of the birds receiving 1200 and 1600 XU/kg was 0.33 and 0.28 units (Roche score); these were 4.1% and 3.5%, respectively, darker than the yolk of the birds given the control diet. 6. Birds receiving xylanase had a significantly higher weight gain than those fed on the unsupplemented diet. Feed intake, the number of eggs per hen per d, dirty and cracked eggs, and feed conversion ratio for egg production were not affected by xylanase. These data suggest that use of a xylanase may improve the metabolisability of many nutrients, but that such effects may not always benefit production parameters.     

棕榈粕对粉壳蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质量的影响

试验选用215日龄罗曼粉蛋鸡540只,研究添加不同水平棕榈粕对产蛋性能和蛋品质量的影响。试验共设3个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复36只鸡,随机饲喂添加两个水平棕榈粕（3.75%和5%）的日粮和未添加棕榈粕的商品蛋鸡饲料。试验结果经统计分析表明：各处理组在日采食量、产蛋率、平均蛋重、料蛋比、蛋壳强度和哈夫单位等方面差异不明显,说明蛋鸡日粮中添加棕榈粕3.75%和5%,对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质量未产生显著影响。     

维生素E对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中不同梯度维生素E添加水平对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响.试验选择60周龄罗曼白壳商品蛋鸡300羽,试验随机分为5组,添加水平分别为0(对照组),30、60、120、240 mg/kg,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽鸡,预试期1周,正试期8周.结果表明:与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 m...     

不同硒水平对蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

硒作为一种动物机体必需的微量元素,在饲料配合中已被广泛应用,经过大量研究表明,微量元素在增强家禽的免疫机能,提高繁殖性能和维持正常的生长发育等方面有一定的作用。家禽饲粮中补加硒后,仔禽生长速度、饲料转化率、产蛋率和孵化率均得到提高。巩元芳等(1998)报道,在蛋鸡低硒(0.015mg/kg)饲粮中补加0.1mg/kg硒使产蛋率提高到75%以上;倪可德等(1994)研究表明,给含0.015～0.030mg/kg硒的母鸡饲料中添加0.1mg/kg硒,可提高产蛋率,改善孵化率和增加雏禽的生活力,并能预防渗出性素质症。Oishi(1987)报道,蛋鸡饲粮中硒浓度由0.06mg/kg增加到0.2…     

富硒日粮对鸡蛋品质及硒沉积的影响

试验选用45周龄龙华草鸡型蛋鸡288只,随机分为2组:对照组和富硒组;每组为144只。试验组在对照组的基础上添加富硒蛋白粉1.00 mg/kg(以硒计),试验期30 d。结果表明:高硒日粮对试鸡的产蛋量、产蛋率、蛋重等产蛋性能均无显著影响(P>0.05),对蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色和蛋品新鲜度等蛋品质指标也无显著影响(P>0.05);但可使蛋中硒含量极显著提高(P<0.01)。     

日粮中添加富碘酵母对蛋鸡性能、蛋品质和蛋中碘含量的影响

该研究旨在评价日粮中添加富碘酵母对蛋鸡性能、蛋品质和蛋中碘含量的影响.该试验为完全随机设计.60只25周龄蛋鸡分成3组(4个重复),饲喂期为12周.日粮中添加碘的含量和形式分别如下:对照组(C),每千克日粮含1mg碘,Ca(IO3)2·H2O;试验1组(E1)和试验2组(E2)日粮中碘的含量分别为1mg/kg和2mg/kg,含碘酵母.含碘酵母对蛋鸡的增重影响不显著.经统计分析,E1组和E2组的日产蛋率不低于C组.E1组的采食量最低,E2组的饲料转化率最高.此外,E2组的蛋重和蛋白重最大(P＜0.05).E1组和E2组蛋黄中碘的含量分别比C组高80％和90％.E2组蛋壳中碘的含量约是C组的3倍.该结果说明,蛋鸡日粮中添加含碘酵母是增加鸡蛋中碘含量的有效方式.因此,通过消费富碘鸡蛋有助于消除人类缺碘症.     

大豆黄酮对产蛋鸡蛋壳品质和骨骼代谢的影响

大豆黄酮(Daidzein)属于异黄酮类植物雌激素(Isoflavonic phytoestrogen)，主要存在于豆科的蝶形花亚科植物中。20世纪90年代以来，国外流行病因学研究证明，膳食中的异黄酮具有防癌和抗癌的作用，使人类乳腺癌、结肠癌发病率降低，近年来动物营养研究表明大豆黄酮具有促进动物生长，增加产     

优质蛋白玉米对产蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响

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