Genetic relationship of body measurement traits at early age with carcass traits in Japanese black cattle

Estimates of genetic parameters were obtained for body measurement traits of 648 animals at 4 months of age, of 545 at 8 months and carcass traits of 14 972 animals with the use of an animal model by the restricted maximum likelihood procedure. The estimated heritabilities for carcass traits were high (0.41 to 0.54). At 4 months the estimated direct heritabilities for body measurement traits were moderate to high (0.28 to 0.64), except for chest width (0.19); at 8 months they were also moderate to high (0.23 to 0.49), except for chest depth and chest width (0.18 and 0.06, respectively). Maternal heritabilities for all body measurement traits were low at both ages. The results indicate that because of their moderate direct genetic correlations with body measurement traits, carcass weight, rib thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness can be improved; however, rib eye area and beef marbling standard show little such possibility considering their correlation with body measurement traits.     

Molecular cloning,alternative splicing and mRNA expression analysis of MAGI1 and its correlation with laying performance in geese

1. In a previous study, a laying-related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Record-106975 (A–G) was found in the intron of Membrane-associated Guanylate Kinase with Inverted Domain Structure-1 (MAGI1) gene by restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. This study was performed to further identify the function of MAGI1 on laying performance in Yangzhou geese.

2. The complete MAGI1 cDNA sequence was cloned from the ovary of the Yangzhou goose. A total of 4 alternative splice variants were identified, and the characterisation of their nucleic acid and amino acid (AA) sequences were analysed. The AA sequence of goose MAGI1 was highly conserved with other avian species.

3. MAGI1 was ubiquitously expressed in 11 tested tissues, with greater amounts of mRNA in the granulosa cell layer and ovary. GG (n = 14) and GA (n = 6) genotypes of SNP Record-106975 showed significantly lower MAGI1 mRNA levels than those of the AA genotype.

4. Over-expression and knockdown experiments revealed that MAGI1 mRNA expression was associated with caspase-3 mRNA levels in granulosa cells, and may play a role in regulating apoptosis of granulosa cells.     

新疆5个品种羊不同月龄MSTN基因mRNA表达水平及其与生长性状相关性分析

为了探讨不同品种绵羊肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)表达水平及其与生长性状(体重、体高、体长、胸围和管围)的关联性,试验采用实时荧光定量 PCR方法比较阿勒泰羊、吐鲁番黑羊、也木勒白羊、哈萨克羊、巴什拜羊不同月龄(初生及1、2、3、4、5月龄)肌肉和脂肪MSTN mRNA的表达水平,运用SPSS 19.0软件分析与其生长性状的相关性.在肌肉中:初生时,阿勒泰羊、哈萨克羊、巴什拜羊MSTN基因mRNA表达水平均明显低于其他各月龄;也木勒白羊3月龄MSTN基因mRNA水平均显著低于其他各月龄(P<0.05);阿勒泰羊、吐鲁番黑羊MSTN基因mRNA在4月龄表达水平最高;哈萨克羊MSTN基因mRNA初生时表达水平最低,5月龄表达水平最高.在脂肪中:也木勒白羊MSTN基因mRNA表达水平初生时显著低于其他各月龄(P<0.05);阿勒泰羊、也木勒白羊、巴什拜羊MSTN基因mRNA 5月龄表达水平最高,巴什拜羊MSTN基因mRNA 5月龄显著高于其他各月龄(P<0.05);哈萨克羊MSTN基因mRNA 2月龄表达水平最高,显著高于5月龄(P<0.05).相关性分析结果发现,MSTN基因mRNA表达水平与生长性状多呈负相关关系.阿勒泰羊在肌肉和脂肪中MSTN基因mRNA表达水平与其生长性状均呈负相关关系;吐鲁番黑羊MSTN基因mRNA在肌肉中的表达水平与体高、体长呈负相关,其余均呈正相关;也木勒白羊MSTN基因mRNA在肌肉中的表达水平与胸围、管围呈正相关,在脂肪中表达水平与体长呈正相关,其余均呈负相关;哈萨克羊在肌肉和脂肪中除与体长呈正相关外,其余均呈负相关;巴什拜羊在肌肉中MSTN基因mRNA表达水平与体长、管围呈正相关,其余均呈负相关.MSTN基因mRNA在不同月龄不同品种间的表达水平存在差异性,无固定表达模式;且与生长性状多呈负相关关系,与部分体尺性状呈正相关关系.MSTN基因mRNA表达水平可能与生长性状和骨骼生长有直接关系.     

Different Months of MSTN Gene mRNA Expression Levels and their Correlation with Growth Traits in Five Xinjiang Local Sheep

To explore the different varieties of five Xinjiang local sheep myostatin (MSTN) expression levels and their correlation with growth traits (body weight,body height,body length,heart girth and cannon circumference).The MSTN mRNA expression level in different month(Birth,1 months,2 months,3 months,4 months,5 months) of muscle and fat in Altay sheep,Turpan Black sheep,Emil White sheep,Kazakh sheep,Bashbay sheep by quantitative Real-time PCR method,using SPSS 19.0 software to analyze the correlation with growth traits.The MSTN mRNA expression levels in muscle:The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels of Altay sheep,Kazakh sheep and Bashbay sheep at birth were lower than other months;The MSTN gene mRNA expression level of Emil White sheep in 3 months was significantly lower than other months (P<0.05);The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels of Altay sheep,Turpan Black sheep were the highest in 4 months;The MSTN gene mRNA expression level of Kazakh sheep was the lowest at birth,and was the highest in 5 months.The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in fat:The MSTN gene mRNA expression level of Emil White sheep at birth was significantly lower than other months (P<0.05); The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels of Altay sheep,Emil White sheep and Bashbay sheep were the highest in 5 months,the MSTN gene mRNA expression level of Bashbay sheep in 5 months was significantly higher than other months (P<0.05);The MSTN gene mRNA expression level of Kazakh sheep was the highest in 2 month,it was significantly higher than 5 months (P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that the MSTN gene mRNA expression levels were mostly negatively correlated with growth traits.The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in muscle and fat of Altay sheep were all negatively correlated with growth traits;The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in muscle of Turpan Black sheep were negative correlated with body length and body height,others were positively;The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in muscle of Emil White sheep were positive correlated with heart girth and cannon circumference;The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in fat were positive correlated with body length,others were negatively correlation;The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in muscle and fat of Kazakh sheep were positive correlated with body length,others were negatively correlation;The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in muscle of Bashbay sheep were positive correlated with body length and cannon circumference,others were negatively correlation.The MSTN gene mRNA expression level was discrepancy in different month of different varieties,and was no fixed expression pattern;The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with the part of the body size.The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels might have a direct relationship with the growth traits and bone growth.     

Genetic evaluation of carcass traits in Simmental-sired cattle at different slaughter end points

Our objectives were to estimate genetic parameters for carcass traits and evaluate the influence of slaughter end point on estimated breeding values (BV). Data provided by the American Simmental Association were divided into three sets: 1) 9,604 records of hot carcass weight (CW) and percentage retail cuts (PRC), 2) 6,429 records of CW, PRC, and marbling score (MS), and 3) 1,780 records of CW, PRC, MS, fat thickness (FT), and longissimus muscle area (LMA). Weaning weights (WW) from animals with carcass data and from their weaning contemporaries were used. Data were analyzed with a multiple-trait animal model and REML procedures to estimate genetic parameters and BV on an age-, CW-, MS-, or FT-constant basis. The model for carcass traits included fixed contemporary group and covariates for breed, heterozygosity, and slaughter end point and random additive direct genetic and residual effects. Weaning weight was preadjusted for founder effects, direct and maternal heterosis, age of dam, and age of calf. The model for WW included fixed contemporary group and random additive direct genetic, maternal genetic, maternal permanent environment, and residual effects. Heritabilities from data set 1 were 0.34 for CW and 0.25 for PRC on an age-constant basis and 0.25 for PRC on a CW end point. Heritabilities for data set 2 were 0.35, 0.24, and 0.36 for CW, PRC, and MS, respectively, on an age-constant basis. Data set 2 heritabilities were 0.25 for PRC and 0.34 for MS on a CW-constant basis and 0.33 for CW and 0.25 for PRC at a constant MS end point. Heritabilities on an age-constant basis for data set 3 were as follows: CW, 0.32; PRC, 0.09; MS, 0.12; FT, 0.10; and LMA, 0.26. Heritability estimates for data set 3 on a CW-, MS-, and FT-constant basis were similar to those on an age-constant basis. Heritabilities were 0.12 for PRC, 0.12 for MS, 0.14 for FT, and 0.22 for LMA on a CW-constant basis; 0.30 for CW, 0.09 for PRC, 0.10 for FT, and 0.28 for LMA at a constant MS end point; and 0.33, 0.17, 0.13, and 0.29 for CW, PRC, MS, LMA on a FT-constant basis. Genetic correlations among traits varied across groups and end points but suggested that it should be possible to select for improved lean yield without sacrificing quality grade. Correlations were calculated among BV computed at different end points. Adjustment to various end points resulted in some changes in BV and reranking of sires, especially for PRC; however, the number of records available had a larger influence than slaughter end point.     

Effect of age at slaughter on carcass traits and meat quality of Italian heavy pigs

Barrows and gilts (n = 128) from four breed crosses were used to investigate the effect of age at slaughter on carcass traits, proteolytic enzyme activity, and meat and fat quality. Pigs were blocked by breed cross into four blocks, and within blocks, one pen (eight barrows and eight gilts) was assigned randomly to be slaughtered at either 8 or 10 mo of age. Pigs were fed a corn-barley-soybean meal finisher diet from 104 +/- 2.5 d of age (37.7 +/- 0.33 kg BW) to the appropriate slaughter age. Carcasses from older (10 mo) pigs had lower (P < 0.01) muscularity indexes and lean cut yields than those of younger (8 mo) pigs, but dressing percentage and longissimus muscle area increased (P < 0.01) with age. Older pigs produced a redder (P < 0.01) and darker (P < 0.05) semimembranosus, with lower (P < 0.01) ultimate pH and cathepsin B and B + L activities, as well as higher (P < 0.01) aminopeptidase hydrolyzing activity than younger pigs. Moreover, the longissimus muscle of pigs slaughtered at 10 mo of age had lower (P < 0.01) drip and cooking loss percentages than that from pigs slaughtered at 8 mo of age. Ham subcutaneous fat from 10-mo-old pigs had greater (P < 0.05) percentages of oleic acid and lower (P < 0.01) proportions of moisture, linoleic, and linolenic acids than subcutaneous fat from pigs slaughtered at 8 mo of age. Results from this study indicate that fresh hams from pigs slaughtered at 10 mo of age would be more suitable for the production of high-quality, Italian, dry-cured hams.     

不同猪种背部皮下脂肪中miR-1和miR-369的表达差异及其与胴体、肉质性状相关性分析

为了研究miRNA表达量与猪胴体及肉质性状的相关性,采用荧光定量PCR技术(qRT-PCR)检测了引进猪种大约克夏猪和6个四川省地方猪种背部皮下脂肪中miR-1和miR-369的差异表达情况。结果:除miR-1与藏猪差异不显著外,2种miRNA在大约克夏猪背部皮下脂肪中的表达水平显著高于地方猪种(P<0.05);地方猪种中,miR-1和miR-369表达水平分别在藏猪和雅南猪中最高;相关性分析显示,miR-1和miR-369在背部皮下脂肪中表达水平均与瘦肉率、多不饱和脂肪酸含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与单不饱和脂肪酸含量均呈显著负相关(P<0.05),miR-369表达水平还与平均背膘厚呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。试验表明miR-1和miR-369可能对猪脂肪沉积和单不饱和脂肪酸生成起负调控作用,对多不饱和脂肪酸生成起正调控作用。     

日粮不同粗纤维水平对朗德鹅血清生化指标和体脂沉积相关性的影响

将体重相近的41日龄健康朗德鹅180只随机分成3个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,进行试验,探讨在等能等氮条件下日粮不同粗纤维水平(4%、8%、12%)对朗德鹅血清生化指标与体脂沉积相关性的影响。试验结果表明:除3个试验组的胸肌含脂率与总蛋白显著正相关(P<0.05)外,3个试验组的腹脂率、皮脂率、胸肌含脂率、腿肌含脂率以及肝脏含脂率与总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白等血清生化指标的相关性及显著性并不一致。     

Direct and maternal genetic relationships of lamb live weight and carcass traits in Swedish sheep breeds

Possibilities to include carcass traits recorded at commercial slaughterhouses in the genetic evaluation of sheep in Sweden were investigated by estimating direct and maternal genetic parameters for 4‐month weight (4MW), carcass weight (CW), carcass fatness grade (FAT), and carcass fleshiness (FLESH) using multiple‐trait animal models. Data included two sets of breeds, the so‐called white breeds (Swedish landrace breeds, Texel, Dorset, Oxford Down, Suffolk, East Friesian Milk Sheep, and Swedish crossbred) and the Gotland breed. There were 30 625 observations on 4MW and 5062 observations on carcass traits for the white breeds. For the Gotland breed the numbers were 43 642 and 7893, respectively. The results showed that it is feasible to use field‐recorded carcass traits in the genetic evaluation. To consider the effects of selection and to utilize all information in an optimal way multiple trait animal models should be used. Direct and maternal heritabilities for 4MW and CW varied between 0.04 and 0.18 and heritabilities for FAT and FLESH between 0.21 and 0.29. Direct and maternal genetic correlations between 4MW and CW were high (0.61–0.97). Genetic correlations were higher between the weights and FLESH (0.11–0.62) than between the weights and FAT (?0.23 to 0.40). Genetic correlations between FAT and FLESH were moderate (0.38–0.45). Heritabilities for CW were higher if 4MW was included in the analyses and the effect of selection on 4MW was stronger for CW than for FAT or FLESH. The importance of maternal effects on carcass traits was discussed.     

Genetic parameters for feed efficiency traits and their relationships with growth and carcass traits in Duroc pigs

Genetic parameters for feed efficiency traits of 380 boars and growth and carcass traits of 1642 pigs (380 boars, 868 gilts and 394 barrows) in seven generations of Duroc population were estimated. Feed efficiency traits included the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and nutritional (RFI(nut)), phenotypic (RFI(phe)) and genetic (RFI(gen)) residual feed intake. Growth and carcass traits were the age to reach 105-kg body weight (A105), loin eye muscle area (EMA), backfat (BF), intra-muscular fat (IMF) and meat tenderness. The mean values for RFI(phe) and RFI(gen) were close to zero and for RFI(nut) was negative. All the measures of feed efficiency were moderately heritable (h(2) = 0.31, 0.38, 0.40 and 0.27 for RFI(nut), RFI(phe), RFI(gen) and FCR respectively). The heritabilities for all growth and carcass traits were moderate (ranged from 0.37 to 0.45), except for BF, which was high (0.72). The genetic correlations of RFI(phe) and RFI(gen) with A105 were positive and high. Measures of RFI were correlated negatively with EMA. BF was more strongly correlated with measures of RFI (r(g) > or = 0.73) than with FCR (r(g) = 0.52). Selection for daily gain, EMA, BF and IMF caused favourable genetic changes in feed efficiency traits. Results of this study indicate that selection against either RFI(phe) or RFI(gen) would give a similar correlated response in carcass traits.     

Effects of growth rate on carcass and meat quality traits and their association with metabolism-related gene expression in finishing pigs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different growth rates on carcass characteristics and meat quality and their relationship with myogenesis and lipogenesis in finishing pigs. Pigs were slaughtered at the same age and were assigned to high (HGR) or low (LGR) growth rates with 120 kg or 110 kg final body weights at slaughter. The results indicated that pigs with HGR had heavier (P < 0.05) final body weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, backfat thickness, higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of fat in the muscle and higher (P < 0.05) total RNA concentration in muscle than pigs with LGR. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 in fat were higher (P < 0.05) in pigs with HGR. Additionally, the mRNA expression of glycogen synthase in muscle was lower (P < 0.05) in pigs with HGR. These results indicate differences in postmortem myogenesis and lipogenesis traits of pigs with different growth rates; these differences in turn might have affected carcass characteristics and meat quality.     

不同品种马肌肉抑制素基因的克隆与PCR-RFLP多态性分析

肌肉生成抑制素(MSTN)又称GDF-8(growth differentiation fartor8)，属于TGF-β(transformny growth fartor beta转化生长因子)超家族一员。是一种对肌肉具有负调控作用的重要激素。研究以三河马、锡尼河马、乌珠穆沁马、乌审马、纯血马5个不同马种群共250匹为研究材料，对马肌肉抑制素基因的第一内含子进行PCR、克隆、测序，然后进行PCR-RFLP分析，扩增产物经Seal、Mspl、Hhal、DraI、SrfI等5种限制性内切酶酶切，结果DraI在5个种群中具有多态性，并表现为两种基因型(AA和AB)，而其他的内切酶均未发现多态位点。     

Polymorphism and expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene and its association with growth traits in chicken

1. The objectives of the study were to detect polymorphism in the coding region of the IGF1 gene, explore the expression profile and estimate association with growth traits in indigenous and exotic chickens.

2. A total of 12 haplotypes were found in Cornish, control layer and Aseel breeds of chicken in which the h1 haplotype was most frequent.

3. Nucleotide substitutions among haplotypes were found at 21 positions in the IGF1 gene in which 4 substitutions resulted in non-synonymous mutations in the receptor binding domain of the IGF1 protein.

4. The haplogroup showed a significant effect on body weight at 24 and 42 d of age in the control layer line, body weight at 42 d and daily weight gain between 29 and 42 d in the control broiler line, daily weight gain between 29 and 42 d in Cornish, and body weights at 42 d as well as daily weight gain between 29 and 42 d in Aseel birds.

5. IGF1 expression varied among the breeds during embryonic and post-hatch periods. The expression among the haplogroups varied in different chicken tissues. The effect of haplogroup on myofibre number in pectoral muscle was non-significant, although there was significant variation in numbers between d 1 and d 42, and between broiler and layer lines.

6. It was concluded that the coding region of the IGF1 gene was polymorphic, expressed differentially during the pre-hatch and post-hatch periods, and haplogroups showed significant association with growth traits in chicken.     

不同性别茶花鸡2号肉鸡器官指数与屠体性状比较及其相关性分析

本文旨在研究比较不同性别茶花鸡2号肉鸡的器官指数与屠宰性能,为今后深入研究其生长发育规律和提高生产性能提供基础数据。选取100日龄健康、体况相近的茶花鸡2号120只,分为12个重复,各重复10只,公母各半,在同一条件下进行饲养。在142日龄各重复中随机选取1公1母进行屠宰,测定器官指数和屠体性状,比较不同性别间器官指数和屠体性状间差异,分析二者相关性。结果表明:母鸡心脏、脾脏、肺脏、肌胃器官重量、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、腿肌率极显著低于公鸡(P<0.01),母鸡肝脏、腺胃、肠道器官指数极显著高于公鸡(P<0.01);茶花鸡2号公鸡和母鸡的肌胃指数与全净膛重存在极显著负相关性(P<0.01);公鸡与母鸡的器官指数与体质量呈负相关。综上,142日龄茶花鸡2号肉鸡器官指数与屠体性状在性别上存在较大差异;公鸡整体屠宰性能指标高于母鸡。     

新疆巴什拜羊肌肉生长抑制素基因DNA甲基化与mRNA表达量分析

为了探究肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin,MSTN）基因在肌肉和脂肪中的DNA甲基化模式及mRNA表达水平,试验以5月龄巴什拜羊羔羊为研究对象,采用亚硫酸氢盐测序法（bisulfite sequencing PCR,BSP）检测MSTN基因启动子区和第1外显子甲基化模式,并通过实时荧光定量PCR检测MSTN基因在巴什拜羊股二头肌、股三头肌、半腱肌、半膜肌、背最长肌和尾脂中的mRNA表达水平。结果显示,肌肉组织甲基化概率高于脂肪组织,其中,股二头肌、股三头肌、半腱肌、半膜肌、背最长肌和尾脂的甲基化概率分别为74.2%、74.2%、83.2%、83.7%、82.1%和25.3%,MSTN基因在股二头肌、股三头肌、半腱肌、半膜肌、背最长肌中的表达水平显著低于尾脂（P < 0.05）,股二头肌、股三头肌、半腱肌、半膜肌和背最长肌之间差异不显著（P > 0.05）,巴什拜羊肌肉和脂肪MSTN基因DNA甲基化水平与MSTN基因表达量呈显著负相关（r=－0.886,P < 0.05）。     

Analysis of DNA Methylation and mRNA Expression Level of MSTN Gene in Xinjiang Bashiby Sheep

In order to investigate DNA methylation and expression levels of myostatin (MSTN) gene in mscule and fat, 5 months of age of Bashiby sheep were selected, the promoter region and exon 1 methylation levels of MSTN gene was analyzed using bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression level of MSTN gene in biceps femoris, femoral triceps, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, longissimus dorsi muscle and tail fat of Bashiby sheep. The results showed that the methylation probability of muscle was higher than fat, the methylation probability of biceps femoris, femoral triceps, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, longissimus dorsi muscle and tail fat were 74.2%, 74.2%, 83.2%, 83.7%, 82.1% and 25.3%, respectively. The expression levels of MSTN gene in biceps femoris, femoral triceps, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, longissimus dorsi muscle were significantly lower than tail fat in Bashiby sheep (P < 0.05), but there were no significant difference among biceps femoris, femoral triceps, semitendinosus, semimembranosus and longissimus dorsi muscle (P > 0.05).The DNA methylation was negatively correlated with the expression levels in muscle and fat of Bashiby sheep (r=-0.886, P < 0.05).     

The correlation of chemical and physical corn kernel traits with growth performance and carcass characteristics in pigs

Corn kernel composition may affect its nutritive value and, thus, pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the chemical and physical traits of corn kernels from different hybrids on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs. A total of 288 crossbred pigs were grown in a 3-phase program from 21 kg of BW until slaughter at 113 kg of BW with 12 pens (4 pigs/pen) per dietary treatment. Target BW for each phase were 20 to 40 kg (grower 1), 40 to 80 kg (grower 2), and 80 to 120 kg (finisher). In each phase, diets were formulated to be marginally deficient in Lys, TSAA, Ca, Na, and nonphytate P to improve the likelihood of detecting differences in performance due to corn hybrid. Each of 6 corn hybrids represented a wide range of kernel chemical and physical traits and was substituted for corn in a common diet formulation on an equal weight basis to make the 6 dietary treatments. Physical and chemical composition of the kernels were analyzed and correlated with performance measures by multivariate ANOVA. Kernel density was correlated with i.m. fat (IMF) content in LM (r = -.35, P < 0.05). Stenvert grinding time was correlated (P < 0.05) with ADG during the grower 1 phase (r = 0.26), ADFI during the grower 2 phase (r = 0.27), final BW (r = 0.27), and IMF (r = -0.36). The amylose content of the cornstarch was correlated (P < 0.05) with ADG during the grower 2 phase (r = -0.28) and with BW at the end of the grower 2 phase (r = -0.27). The NDF content of the kernels was correlated (P < 0.05) with ADG during the finisher phase (r = -0.30), final BW (r = -0.33), and number of days to market (r = 0.31). The ADF content of the kernels was correlated (P < 0.05) with ADG during the grower 1 phase (r = -0.26), final BW (r = -0.26), and IMF (r = 0.31). The correlations of performance measure variation with individual kernel hybrid physical and chemical traits were statistically significant yet not large enough to base corn hybrid selection for feeding pigs on any single kernel chemical or physical trait.     

工厂化栽培蓝莓不同品种的成花特性及其与枝条性状相关性分析

为获得植物工厂中不同蓝莓品种合理的修剪和疏花疏果方式,本文通过对不同蓝莓品种植物工厂中成花情况进行调查,并对其与枝条性状的相关性进行分析研究发现：（1）工厂化栽培蓝莓‘绿宝石’‘珠宝’品种的成花容易,平均每枝条花芽数分别可达3.9和4.4个,花芽量可达生产所需;‘优瑞卡’成花相对较难,平均每枝条花芽数仅为1.9个。（2）不同品种蓝莓花芽与枝条性状具一定相关性,各品种蓝莓的花芽数与枝条粗度呈显著相关。工厂化栽培不同品种蓝莓其成花情况不同,花芽数主要受枝条粗度影响,各品种蓝莓的花芽主要集中于粗度3-5cm的中长果枝,为工厂化栽培蓝莓提供参考依据。     

大骨鸡胚胎肌生成抑制素基因(MSTN)cDNA的克隆、测序及原核表达

提取大骨鸡胚胎腿肌RNA,对肌生成抑制素基因(MSTN)RT-PCR扩增、TA克隆和测序.结果表明,大骨鸡胚胎腿肌中存在2种不同大小的MSTN cDNA,一种MSTN cDNA由1 128 bp组成,我们将该序列称为chM-STN-1,与已报道的鸡MSTN cDNA(gi:38349516)序列同源性为100%;另外一种MSTN cDNA由985 bp组成,与chMSTN-1相比.缺失了374～517处的143个碱基,并且在51,234,324 bp处也发生碱基变化,这可能是一种新的MSTN cDNA,我们将该序列命名为chMSTN-2.另外,分别对上述2种MSTN cDNA进行双酶切、亚克隆,成功构建重组表达载体pGEX-KG-chMSTN-1与pGEX-KG-chMSTN-2,转染大肠杆菌并诱导表达.检测结果表明,chM-STN-1和chMSTN-2均能在大肠杆菌中表达,重组蛋白以包涵体形式存在,大小分别约为66 000和55 000.