Virological Examination of Bovine Mammary Lymph Nodes

Mammary lymph nodes from 42 Hereford cows culled for poor reproductive performance were examined for cytopathogenic virus and hemadsorption. No evidence of viral infection was detected using the methods employed. Serum from all the animals gave positive reactions to the hemagglutination-inhibition test for bovine myxovirus parainfluenza 3. Six of 12 had neutralizing antibody against bovine virus diarrhea virus, but none of the 12 had neutralizing antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据GenBank中登录的牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)基因序列,设计合成了1对特异性引物,建立了检测BVDV的RT-PCR方法。通过对该方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行试验,结果显示,该方法可从BVDV标准毒株Oregon C24V中扩增出471 bp的特异性片段,而对猪瘟病毒、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、牛呼吸道合胞体病毒、牛副流感病毒、MDBK正常细胞的扩增结果均为阴性。经对标准毒株的细胞毒进行检测,其敏感度达10^-1 TCID₅₀/mL。应用该方法对临床腹泻病牛各脏器样品进行检测,结果比病毒分离方法更为敏感,操作简便。表明建立的RT-PCR方法具有特异、灵敏、高效、快速的特点,可用于BVDV的临床检测及流行病学监测。     

青海省部分地区3种牛病毒性腹泻病原的感染情况调查

为了解青海省部分牛群中牛病毒性腹泻病毒（bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）、牛轮状病毒（bovine rotavirus,BRV）和牛冠状病毒（bovine coronavirus,BCV）3种牛病毒性腹泻病原的感染现状,本研究采用RT-PCR方法首次对2012～2013年青海省部分地区的32份具有腹泻症状的临床病料及152份健康牛粪便样品进行了BVDV、BRV、BCV的核酸检测与分析。结果显示,32份腹泻牛病料样品中BVDV、BRV、BCV的阳性率分别为65.63%（21/32）、18.75%（6/32）、34.38%（11/32）,且存在2种或3种病原的混合感染;152份健康牛粪便样品中BVDV、BRV、BCV的阳性率分别为3.95%（6/152）、1.97%（3/152）、0（0/152）。该结果表明青海省部分牛群中普遍存在BVDV、BRV、BCV的感染,且混合感染现象严重,需进一步加强青海省地区牛病毒性腹泻病原的综合防控。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒RT-PCR诊断方法的建立

根据已发表的牛病毒性腹泻病毒株的基因序列,分析合成了一对扩增跨幅为190bp左右的引物,对牛病毒性腹泻病基因I型或基因II型的毒株进行RT-PCR扩增,结果是取得了与预期大小一致的RT-PCR产物,而对照样品的扩增全为阴性;该方法最低可检测到0.10ng的牛病毒性腹泻病毒RNA。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒JN株的分离鉴定及E2基因的序列分析

本研究从疑似牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)感染牛的分泌物与排泄物中分离鉴定1株牛病毒性腹泻病毒,并进行E2基因序列分析。结果表明,分离株病毒命名为JN株;Reed-Muench法测定分离株病毒TCID₅₀为10^-7.5/0.1 mL;病毒中和试验结果表明,BVDV JN分离株可被BVDV阳性血清特异性中和,而不能被BVDV阴性血清中和;分离株病毒E2基因序列测序结果表明,该分离毒株属于BVDVⅠa亚型。     

牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)引起的一种传染病。被感染后,会导致牛群腹泻、发热、黏膜糜烂溃疡、先天性免疫等症状。本文通过对牛病毒性腹泻流行情况、检测方法、临床类型以及预防与防控等进行论述,为我国的牛病毒性腹泻防治研究提供参考。     

牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病的研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒引起的一种传染性疾病。该病以发热、黏膜糜烂或溃疡、白细胞减少、腹泻、怀孕母牛流产或产畸型胎儿为主要特征。本文就牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病的病原学、致病机理、流行现状以及防治概况等进行了综述。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒侵染细胞机制的研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)是反刍动物和猪体内广泛存在的危害动物健康的重要病原体.BVDV感染牛后主要引起牛的持续性感染、免疫耐受、免疫抑制、繁殖障碍及急慢性黏膜病等临床症状,给养牛业造成重大的损失.其致病机理非常复杂,给该病的治疗和根除带来极大的困难.随着分子病毒学研究的发展以及对猪瘟病毒和黄病毒科其他成员的研究,人们在BVDV分子水平和细胞水平的研究方面也取得了一些进展.就此,作者从BVDV入侵细胞、在细胞内的复制以及与宿主蛋白分子相互作用等方面进行综述,有助于阐明BVDV致病和在体内持续存活的机制,为该病的防治和疫苗研发提供新的思路和对策.     

Bovine viral diarrhea virus in New World camelids.

A virus known to cause multiple problems in cattle, bovine viral diarrhea virus, was isolated from 3 different cases in New World camelids. Virus isolation, immunoperoxidase staining, and fluorescent antibody staining were used to detect the virus. The herds involved were screened for antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea and virus isolation from the buffy coat. Bovine viral diarrhea virus should be considered as a cause of death in young and old New World camelids.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒致病机制研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻（bovine viral diarrhea,BVD）和黏膜病（mucosal disease,MD）均是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒（bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）感染引发的传染病,严重威胁世界养牛业的发展。文章概述了BVDV分型及其分子生物学特征,并从急性感染、经胎盘或子宫感染、持续性感染和黏膜病4个方面总结了近期国内外BVDV致病机制的研究进展。根据序列保守性及是否致细胞病变可将BVDV分为两种基因型和两种生物型,其中,新发现的"HoBi"株归类为瘟病毒属。BVDV基因进化很快,基因组编码4种结构蛋白和8种非结构蛋白,编码蛋白在病毒的复制、翻译及在宿主致病过程中发挥重要作用。BVDV致病机制复杂,急性感染会造成病毒血症、繁殖障碍、免疫抑制等,急性感染牛发生腹泻的原因与BVDV感染胃肠道的肌层、黏膜下层并干扰肠道神经的正常功能相关,非致细胞病变型（NCP）BVDV是造成急性感染的病因。胚胎感染BVDV取决于病毒首次侵袭时胎儿在子宫内的生长阶段。NCP型BVDV具有抑制胎儿体内产生Ⅰ型干扰素的能力,致使该病毒在宿主中得以生存并形成持续性感染牛,当持续性感染牛再次感染与NCP型BVDV高度同源的致细胞病变型（CP）毒株时直接诱发黏膜病。两种生物型的产生是发生持续性感染和黏膜病的重要因素,NCP型可向CP型BVDV进行转化。本综述有助于发现控制BVD-MD传播的新途径,为消灭该病和新型疫苗的研制提供参考。     

BPIV-3和BVDV双重RT-PCR快速检测方法的建立

参照GenBank中登录的牛副流感病毒3型(BPIV-3)和牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)全基因序列,分别针对BPIV3特异性NP蛋白保守基因和BVDV保守区段E2基因设计2对引物,经优化反应条件建立了快速鉴别BPIV-3和BVDV的双重RT-PCR诊断方法。最佳扩增条件为94℃30s,56.2℃30s,72℃1min,循环30次;72℃延伸5min,16℃10min;BVDV引物浓度为1.0μmol/L,BPIV-3引物浓度为0.5μmol/L。采用该方法检测BPIV-3和BVDV参考病毒株,能同时扩增出预期为425bp和294bp大小的特异性片段,而扩增牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、牛合胞体病毒、猪瘟病毒以及牛支原体、致病性大肠埃希菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌A型、化脓隐秘杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌等均呈阴性反应。对参考病毒株进行梯度稀释检测,结果证明该方法检测BPIV-3的灵敏度可达10-3 TCID50/0.1mL,而BVDV的灵敏度达102 TCID50/0.1mL。     

牛病毒性腹泻及治疗

牛病毒性腹泻是由病毒性腹泻病毒感染引发的一种传染性疾病,临床上主要表现为急性型、慢性型和隐性感染,其中急性型和慢性型对牛的生长发育会造成巨大影响。为更好地控制该种疾病发生流行,该文主要分析牛病毒性腹泻的诊断和治疗。     

Bovine viral diarrhea virus: biotypes and disease.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus continues to produce significant economic losses for the cattle industry and challenges investigators with the complexity of diseases it produces and the mechanisms by which it causes disease. This paper updates and attempts to clarify information regarding the roles of noncytopathic and cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses in persistent infections and mucosal disease. It also covers, in brief, what is known of the new diseases: thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic disease, and a disease resembling mucosal disease that is apparently caused solely by noncytopathic virus. Although a good understanding of the roles of the 2 biotypes in the production of persistent infections and the precipitation of mucosal disease has been obtained, there are still unanswered questions regarding the origin of cytopathic viruses and the mechanism by which they cause pathological changes in cells. It is apparent, however, that cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses arise by mutation of noncytopathic viruses, and it is known that p80 is the marker protein for cytopathic viruses. The previous distinction between mild bovine viral diarrhea and fatal mucosal disease has been eroded with the emergence of new virulent bovine viral diarrhea viruses. The new diseases pose a threat to the cattle industry and present a new challenge for investigators. Index Veterinarius (1984-1994) and Medline (1985-1994) databases and personal files updated since 1987 from BIOSIS Previews and Biosciences Information Services were used to search the literature.     

检测牛5种腹泻病毒的多重RT-PCR方法的建立及应用

牛A群轮状病毒(BRVA)、牛冠状病毒(BCoV)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛诺瓦病毒(BNoV)和牛纽布病毒(BNeV)是引起犊牛腹泻的常见病毒,且临床上多存在混合感染的情况.本试验的目的 是建立可以同时检测上述5种病毒的多重PCR方法.通过设计引物,优化反应体系和条件,成功建立了可同时检测BRVA、BCoV、...     

Bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1b in water buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) from Brazil

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Serological studies have characterized the presence of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in water buffalo herds worldwide. However, the...     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒、大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌混合感染致犊牛腹泻的研究

为确定甘肃省临夏州某奶牛场犊牛腹泻的病因,并提供合适的治疗方案和防控措施,试验采集该牛场13头腹泻犊牛的粪便和血清,通过胶体金技术、ELISA方法、细菌分离鉴定、Kirby-Bauer法分别进行病毒病原学检测、病毒血清学抗体检测、病原菌鉴定和药物敏感性试验。病毒学检测结果显示,13份粪样中未检测出牛轮状病毒（BRV）、牛冠状病毒（BCV）的抗原,牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）抗原阳性率为23.08%（3/13）;未检出BRV和BCV的抗体,BVDV血清学抗体阳性率为38.46%（5/13）。病原菌检测结果显示,13份粪便样品中,分离出13株大肠杆菌和7株奇异变形杆菌。药敏试验表明,分离的大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌对20种常规药物均产生了不同程度的耐药,且无对两种细菌均有效的药物。此次犊牛腹泻是由BVDV、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌混合感染引起的,且大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的耐药现象严重,本试验结果为该牛场进一步治疗此次的犊牛腹泻病提供了合理有效的依据。     

牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病诊断方法研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病是由黄病毒科、瘟病毒属的牛病毒性腹泻病毒引起的一种传染性疾病。该病以发热、黏膜糜烂、溃疡、白细胞减少、腹泻、怀孕母牛流产或产畸型胎儿为主要特征。该文就近几年来国内外对该病的实验室诊断方法,包括病毒分离、血清学试验、电镜观察、免疫荧光技术、聚合酶链反应技术等的研究概况进行了综述。     

梅花鹿牛病毒性腹泻病毒的分离及其RT-PCR鉴定

对梅花鹿的牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)分离培养及RT—PCR进行了研究。从腹泻鹿粪样中分离到了 与BVDV的C24V标准椿致细胞病变相同规律的BVDV病毒株,经RT—PCR扩增进一步证实其为牛病毒性腹 泻病毒。     

Infection of the Bovine Udder with Bovine Herpesvirus

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis — infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (bovine herpesvirus) grown in tissue culture was used as inoculum in trials to infect the lactating bovine udder. Six experiments were undertaken in which one or more quarters were infused with 1 ml. of tissue culture fluids containing 10⁶ to 10⁷ tissue culture infectious doses (TCID) of virus. In four of the experiments the inoculated quarters showed marked evidence of infection in the form of acute inflammation, swelling, reduced milk secretion and profound changes in the physical appearance of the milk. In each case virus was recovered in high titres in the milk from about the second until the tenth to fifteenth days following exposure. Uninfected quarters remained normal in appearance and virus could not be recovered from the milk.

In three of the experiments it was shown that serum and milk antibodies appeared shortly after the disappearance of virus from the milk. One experiment involving two animals showed that about 1000 TCID of virus were required to produce infection. In one experiment a cow having a pre-inoculation serum titre for bovine herpesvirus proved resistant to infection.

The experiments indicate that the bovine udder is readily susceptible to bovine herpesvirus in non-immune animals, and that the virus produces an acute, limited infection leading to a temporary disfunction of the gland. It appears that natural invasion of the udder through the teat canal is not readily accomplished by the virus.

     

牛病毒性腹泻的流行情况及防制

牛病毒性腹泻是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒引起的一种急性热性传染病。除了引起牛发病外,还可引起猪、羊、鹿及多种野生动物感染,给畜牧业造成严重的经济损失。作者对牛病毒性腹泻的流行情况进行了总结,并提出了相应的防制措施。 