番鸭唾液乳杆菌的分离鉴定及体外抑菌试验

为了寻找番鸭肠道内优势益生菌株,用益生菌替代抗生素,将番鸭肠道细菌分离鉴定及体外抑菌试验。用微量生化法及16S rRNA基因序列检测分析法进行细菌分离鉴定;用纸片扩散法与牛津杯法做体外抑菌试验;用口腔灌服法进行动物安全性试验。结果显示,分离出的4株菌生化特性与乳酸杆菌基本一致,16S rRNA基因序列与唾液乳杆菌同源性大于99%;菌株生长速度快、产酸能力强,对胃蛋白酶、胆盐有一定的耐受性;对阿莫西林等敏感,对卡那霉素等耐药;对常见病原菌均有较强的抑制作用,上清液抑菌活性受pH和蛋白酶的影响,试验小鼠生长状况良好。说明分离菌具有广谱的抗菌效果,可以与卡那霉素等配合用药,作为微生态制剂用于多种病原菌疾病的防治,减少抗生素的使用。     

鸵鸟新城疫病毒和大肠埃希菌感染的诊断

从某鸵鸟养殖场发病死亡的鸵鸟肝脏和脾脏用鸡胚分离到一株病毒,经血凝试验和血凝抑制试验鉴定为新城疫病毒,动物致病性试验表明该病毒对雏鸡有较强的致病性.同时分离到一种细菌,通过培养特性、菌体形态、菌落形态、染色特性及生化试验等一系列鉴定,确定为大肠埃希菌.药敏试验表明该株大肠埃希菌对头孢类抗生素高度敏感,而对红霉素、氨苄青霉素、四环素等抗生素表现为不同程度的耐药.     

龟源松鼠葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏特性分析

为明确一起致乌龟发病死亡的病原,本研究通过细菌的分离培养从患病龟体内分离出一株优势菌,并通过革兰氏染色观察、生化鉴定、16S rRNA序列比对分析、动物回归试验进行鉴定。结果显示,分离菌在血琼脂平板上形成表面粘稠、大而凸起、白色的菌落;革兰氏染色结果显示分离菌为革兰氏阳性,球型,成葡萄串状排列;生化试验结果显示分离菌对葡萄糖、触酶、氧化酶等呈阳性反应,而密二糖、鸟氨酸脱羧酶、V-P反应等阴性;16S rRNA基因序列进化树分析显示该分离菌株与GenBank登录的松鼠葡萄球菌聚为一簇,且同源性达99%以上;动物回归试验显示该菌对乌龟有较强的致病性;药敏特性分析显示,该菌对多数抗生素较为敏感,但对大环内酯类及部分头孢类抗菌药物耐药。研究结果为乌龟松鼠葡萄球菌感染的防治提供参考依据。     

母猪子宫内膜炎致病菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为探究母猪子宫内膜炎的致病菌及其耐药情况,无菌采集40份子宫内膜炎母猪子宫内容物进行细菌培养及分离鉴定,共分离到细菌47株,分离率为100%。经过鉴定,分离菌主要为大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌等细菌。对分离到的细菌进行了药敏试验。结果表明,氧氟沙星、头孢噻肟是敏感性较高的2种抗生素。通过临床试验证实,根据药敏试验结果更改子宫保健方案后能够提高母猪的断奶配种率。     

一株鸡源植物乳杆菌的分离鉴定及体外抑菌特性研究

抗生素耐药性严重威胁着人类和动物的健康,为在畜禽中寻找更经济、可持续、安全的非抗生素饲料添加剂。本试验以健康雏鸡粪便为试验材料,对粪便中的细菌进行分离鉴定并以特定致病菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌)为指示菌,研究其体外抑菌特性。结果表明,试验从健康雏鸡粪便中分离鉴定出一株植物乳杆菌,编号为GX 20 200 417-1。分离获得的菌株再通过早期定植试验发现该菌作为先接种培养菌或与致病菌(大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌)同时接种培养时,均对致病菌都有明显的抑制作用,具有用于研制益生菌制剂的潜力。     

一株仔猪源枯草芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其益生特性研究

为了筛选优质猪源益生菌菌种资源,为畜禽微生态制剂的研究与开发提供优质候选菌株,试验以健康仔猪新鲜粪便为分离材料,通过高温处理分离芽孢杆菌,并对其进行形态特征、生化及分子生物学鉴定与益生特性研究。结果表明:从健康仔猪新鲜粪便中分离获得多株细菌,选取其中1株生长快速、形态特征典型的菌株进行鉴定,确定该分离菌为枯草芽孢杆菌。益生特性研究表明,该分离菌菌株具有较强的耐热、耐酸、耐胆盐等益生特性,同时具有一定的拮抗致病菌作用,对大部分抗生素敏感,对小鼠无毒副作用,可作为畜禽微生态制剂菌种的候选菌株。     

一株母猪猪丹毒杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

笔者从江西省吉安市某规模化猪场急性死亡的母猪体内分离到1株革兰氏阳性丝状杆菌,通过革兰氏染色、生化鉴定、培养特性观察及PCR鉴定,确定该病原菌为猪丹毒杆菌。药敏试验结果表明,分离菌株对头孢类抗生素、青霉素、阿莫西林等高度敏感。综合该场流行病学、临床症状和细菌分离鉴定结果,确诊该场母猪急性死亡原因是由急性猪丹毒杆菌感染所致。     

羊源产酸克雷伯菌的分离鉴定及感染小鼠的转录组学研究

【目的】分离鉴定羊源产酸克雷伯菌,探讨产酸克雷伯菌对动物的致病机制。【方法】采集海南黑山羊肺脏组织样品进行细菌分离培养,通过生化试验及16S rRNA基因检测方法对分离株进行鉴定,并对分离菌进行药敏试验、小鼠致病性试验、RNA-Seq分析和差异表达基因(DEGs)分析。【结果】分离出1株革兰阴性短杆状细菌,胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基上为光滑圆形的乳白色菌落。分离菌能分解葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖等几种碳水化合物,靛基质试验阳性。16S rRNA基因检测结果显示,分离株与已公布序列的相似性>99%,鉴定该分离菌为产酸克雷伯菌,命名为KOHN1。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌KOHN1对青霉素、苯唑青霉素、氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素、头孢氨苄、麦迪霉素、万古霉素和克林霉素具有耐药性,而对于其余21种抗菌药敏感。分离菌KOHN1攻毒小鼠后,肺脏组织病理学切片观察到小鼠肺部充血、水肿和渗出等急性炎症。DEGs富集分析显示,炎症细胞因子和趋化因子的DEGs在小鼠肺脏中大量表达。【结论】本试验成功分离出1株产酸克雷伯菌,分离株对小鼠致病性较强,免疫反应通路在病菌侵染过程中发挥着重要作用。该研究结果为后续产酸克雷伯...     

一例水貂出血性肺炎的诊断

荣成某貂场送检病死貂,根据解剖结果疑似绿脓杆菌病,为了对其进行确诊并提供有效防治措施,对该病例进行了细菌的分离鉴定、动物试验和药物敏感试验。试验结果显示,该水貂病料经革兰氏染色镜检发现革兰氏阴性细菌,结合病原菌的形态学观察、生化反应特性及PCR扩增鉴定,可判定所分离菌为绿脓杆菌;分离菌通过动物试验进行绿脓杆菌验证;通过药敏试验测定该细菌对各种抗生素的敏感性结果显示,这株细菌对先锋必素、复达欣、环丙沙星高度敏感,对菌必治、丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素中度敏感,对头孢肤肟、羧苄青霉素、四环素、复方新诺明耐药。     

一株母猪产道致病性粪肠球菌的分离鉴定

为了确定景德镇某养殖场患子宫内膜炎母猪感染的病原菌、筛选有效的治疗药物,试验无菌采集景德镇某养殖场患子宫内膜炎母猪产道中段阴道分泌物进行分离纯化,通过生化试验、16S rDNA测序完成菌种初步鉴定,利用毒力基因检测和小鼠致病性试验验证菌株致病性,并进行药敏试验。结果表明:分离到一株优势菌株,为粪肠球菌;检测证实该菌株携带毒力基因cylA和gelE,并且对小鼠有致病性;该分离菌株分别对头孢哌酮和恩诺沙星表现为极敏和高敏,对万古霉素、氯霉素、多黏菌素B、环丙沙星等高敏,对其他抗菌药物表现为不同程度的耐药,将敏感药物应用于临床治疗效果明显。说明本试验在母猪产道内成功分离到一株致病性粪肠球菌,该细菌可能是母猪子宫内膜炎的病原菌之一,头孢哌酮和氟喹诺酮类药物可以作为治疗该养殖场母猪子宫内膜炎的首选药物。     

Serum biochemical reference values for gestating and lactating sows

Reference values have been established for serum biochemical parameters in sows from high producing pig herds. In total, 132 clinically healthy sows from eight breeding herds were serially sampled three weeks and one week before farrowing, and at one week and three weeks after farrowing. Fourteen serum biochemical parameters, focusing mainly on energy and protein metabolism, hepatobiliary and kidney function and inflammation, were investigated. The reproductive state significantly influenced the investigated parameters, other than for urea and non-esterified fatty acids. First parity sows showed higher concentrations of gamma-glutamyltransferase, phosphorus and haptoglobin, and higher albumin/globulin and haptoglobin/albumin ratios compared to sows with 2 parities. The concentrations of creatinine, globulin and total protein however were lower in first parity sows. Between-herd variations were especially high (>50%) for gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and non-esterified fatty acids. Serum biochemical parameters constitute an important diagnostic tool to assess the health status of sows, but to interpret the outcome properly, it is important to consider reproductive state and parity.     

Dietary administration of probiotics to sows and/or their neonates improves the reproductive performance,incidence of post‐weaning diarrhea and histopathological parameters in the intestine of weaned piglets

Probiotics have gained considerable attention with respect to their beneficial effects on livestock performance and health. The most significant effects of probiotics on the gut microbiota and the host animals take place when they are included in diets during particularly stressful periods such as weaning and/or at the beginning of the lactation period. The probiotics Bacillus mesentericus strain TO‐A at 1 × 10⁸ colony forming units (CFU)/g, Clostridium butyricum strain TO‐A at 1 × 10⁸ CFU/g and Enterococcus faecalis strain T‐110 at 1 × 10⁹ CFU/g were used. Litter weight at delivery and ratio of return to estrous improved significantly (17% and 24% improvement, respectively) by probiotic administration to sows (0.2% (w/w)). Furthermore, the feed intake of the probiotics‐administered sows was greater than that of the control sows during the late lactation period. Post‐weaning diarrheal incidence and growth performance was improved by probiotics administration to neonates (0.02% (w/w)), while the combined use of probiotics in sows and their neonates induced the enlargement of villous height and prevented muscle layer thinning in the small intestine of weaning piglets. The administration of probiotics of three species of live bacteria improved the porcine reproductive performance around stressful periods of sows (farrowing) and piglets (weaning). [Corrections added on 26 April 2016, after first online publication: ‘Enterococcus faecalis strain T‐100’ has been corrected to ‘Enterococcus faecalis strain T‐110’ in the above paragraph and in the ‘Probiotics’ section under the Materials and Methods heading.]     

Isolation of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from the cervical canal of clinically normal sows

Two isolates from the cervical canal of clinically normal sows were indistinguishable from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in their biochemical properties and genetic homology by dna-dna hybridisation. Furthermore, three sheep inoculated with one of the isolates developed typical lesions of caseous lymphadenitis and gave antibody responses specifically to C pseudotuberculosis.     

复合植物提取物对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响

为研究复合植物提取物对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响,试验选取40头妊娠85 d大长二元母猪,随机分为对照组、植物提取物组(1000 mg/kg),每头猪为一个重复,试验期为妊娠85 d至分娩。结果表明:植物提取物组仔猪初生重较对照组提高7.6%(P<0.05),并且植物提取物组高初生重仔猪的比例增加(P<0.01),低初生重仔猪的比例减少(P<0.05)。综上,复合植物提取物可提高仔猪初生重,改善仔猪均匀度,提高母猪的繁殖性能。     

发酵中药渣对妊娠母猪繁殖性能、血浆生化参数和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵中药渣对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响,并通过测定血浆生化参数和抗氧化指标探讨其作用机制。试验选用3~5胎次、体况和预产期相近的长白×大白二元母猪75头,随机分为3组,每组25头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,中药渣组和发酵中药渣组分别在基础饲粮中添加1.5 kg/t的中药渣和发酵中药渣。试验周期为整个妊娠期,统计返情、空怀和流产的母猪数,窝产仔数、产活仔数以及仔猪初生窝重和初生个体重。分别于母猪妊娠第45天、第75天和第114天(分娩当天),每组随机选取8头母猪,耳缘静脉采血,分离血浆,测定生化参数和抗氧化指标。结果表明:饲粮添加中药渣或发酵中药渣对母猪的繁殖性能无显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,妊娠第114天时,发酵中药渣组的血浆总蛋白(TP)含量显著升高(P0.05),中药渣组和发酵中药渣组的血浆高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著升高(P0.05);妊娠第45天时,中药渣组和发酵中药渣组的血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P0.05),同时血浆碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著降低(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加1.5 kg/t发酵中药渣不影响妊娠母猪的繁殖性能,但可在一定程度上改善机体代谢,增强抗氧化功能。     

饲粮阴离子配比对母猪生殖机能与血清生化指标的影响

选取胎次相近、体况相似、健康状况良好的长×大二元杂交空怀母猪100头,将其均分成5组,每组20头。第1、2、3、4、5组母猪被分别喂以D1、D2、D3、D4、D5试验饲粮。在饲养试验期间,测定母猪窝产仔数,仔猪初生重、成活率、断奶重,母猪产后发情间隔天数（空怀天数）、返情率等繁殖指标;并分别于母猪采食试验饲粮后5d、孕后30d、产仔后7d,每组取8头母猪前腔静脉采血,测定血清中Cl-、Na＋、HCO3-、FSH、LH、Pg含量,GPT、GOT活性等生化参数。根据各项指标测定的结果可推断：第3组母猪饲粮中阴离子的配比（即添加：NaCl 0．40％、NaHC3。0．40％）最宜;其次是第4组母猪饲粮中阴离子的配比（即添加：NaCl0．40％、NaHCO。0．80％）较宜;再次是第2组母猪饲粮中阴离子的配比（即添加：NaCl0．40％、NaHCO30．80％）。第1、5组母猪饲粮中阴离子的配比似乎不够理想,即母猪饲粮中添加的NaCl过少（0．20％）或过多（0．80％）。     

营养调控对母猪繁殖性能的影响

为了探讨母猪妊娠早期日粮中添加一定量的甲基吡啶铬、叶酸、维生素E和维生素A对母猪窝产仔数、初生重、仔猪成活率的影响,选用日龄、体况基本一致的长大二元母猪共计56头进行试验。结果表明,在母猪妊娠早期的日粮中添加甲基吡啶铬、叶酸、维生素E、维生素A可显著提高母猪窝产仔数,提高比例平均为29.2%,其中对后备母猪提高比例更大。     

Effects of Addition of Rare Earth-chitosan Chelate to Diets at Different Protein Levels on Sows and Suckling Piglets

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of corn-soybean meal diets with different levels of crude protein (CP) adding 200 g/t rare earth-chitosan chelate (RECC) on the reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of their offspring.A total of 60 sows at 90 days of gestation with good physical condition,parity and the expected date of birth were selected.Single-factor randomized block design was used,and sows were divided into 3 groups,20 sows in each group,1 sow each replicate.The level of diet CP and RECC were 17.55% CP,17.00% CP+200 g/t RECC and 16.00% CP+200 g/t RECC in control group,test group Ⅰ and test group Ⅱ,respectively.The test was started from the 90th day of gestation of the sow and ended at the time of weaning at 21 days.The sow litter performance and growth performance of offspring suckling piglets were studied.The final results showed that:Compared with the control group,sow's duration of the test groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly shortened (P<0.05),but the total litter size and number of born alive did not show significant difference (P>0.05).Postpartum weight loss of sows of the test group Ⅱ was significantly improved (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the interval from weaning to estrus (P=0.30).In addition,compared with the control group,sow's ADFI of test group Ⅰ and Ⅱ had an increasing tendency during lactation (P=0.08),and there was no significant difference in ADG,the weight of newborn and weaned piglets (P>0.05),but the diarrhea rate of suckling piglets was significantly reduced (P<0.05).In summary,under the conditions of this trial,when the CP level in the diet was 16.00% and with the addition of 200 g/t RECC,it could improve the reproductive performance of sows,shorten the sow's duration,and reduce the diarrhea rate of suckling piglets.It was of great significance to the improvement of the reproductive performance of sows.     

不同蛋白质水平日粮中添加稀土螯合物对母猪及其哺乳仔猪的影响

本试验旨在研究不同粗蛋白质（CP）水平的玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加200 g/t稀土壳糖胺螯合盐（rare earth-chitosan chelate，RECC）对围产期母猪繁殖性能及其子代生长性能的影响。选择体况良好、胎次及预产期相近、怀孕90 d的妊娠母猪共60头，采用单因子随机区组设计分为3组，每组20头母猪，每个重复1头母猪，分别是对照组（日粮CP水平17.55%，不添加RECC）、试验Ⅰ组（日粮CP水平17.00%，RECC 200 g/t）和试验Ⅱ组（日粮CP水平16.00%，RECC 200 g/t）。试验从母猪妊娠第90天开始，至仔猪21 d断奶时结束，测定母猪的产仔性能和后代哺乳仔猪的生长性能。结果表明：与对照组相比，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组母猪产程显著缩短（P<0.05），但总产仔数和产活仔数没有显著差异（P>0.05）；试验Ⅱ组母猪产后失重得到了显著改善（P<0.05），但断奶发情间隔无显著差异（P=0.30）；试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组母猪哺乳期平均日采食量（ADFI）有增加趋势（P=0.08），哺乳仔猪的初生重、断奶均重及平均日增重均无显著差异（P>0.05），但腹泻率显著降低（P<0.05）。综上所述，本试验条件下，日粮中CP水平为16.00%且添加200 g/t RECC时可提高母猪繁殖性能，缩短母猪产程，减少母猪失重，同时降低哺乳仔猪腹泻率，加快仔猪增重，对母猪生产繁殖水平的提升具有重大意义。     

Probiotics in pigs — modulation of their intestinal distribution and of their impact on health and performance

Two probiotics of different ecological origin, Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 and Bacillus cereus var. toyoi, were chosen as model organisms. Feed for sows during gestation/lactation and for piglets pre-/postweaning was supplemented with either of these probiotics. To evaluate the effect of different starting points of E. faecium NCIMB 10415 initiations the probiotic was administered to piglets of sows, which have not received the probiotic, from birth onwards or just postweaning. Here we report the impact of these variants on probiotic distribution in the gut, on the gut microbiota, on diarrhea and on performance. Both probiotic strains were detected immediately after the start of the supplementation in feces of sows and piglets. The vertical transfer of both probiotic strains with sow feces to piglets could be demonstrated already before suckling piglets had access to the supplemented diets. Both probiotics were recovered from all intestinal segments of piglets. The dominant autochthonous colonic microbiota of young piglets as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was more similar within than between treatment groups (control vs. probiotic). Both probiotics reduced the incidence of postweaning diarrhea (p < 0.05). For the E. faecium probiotic the relative magnitude of this effect was largely independent of dietary probiotic concentration or starting time of supplementation. Significant overall influence on piglet performance was observed only with the B. cereus probiotic.