陆地生态系统碳监测卫星松材线虫病变色木识别指数研究

松材线虫病是一种严重威胁松树生存的林业有害生物疫情。高分辨率卫星遥感技术是松材线虫病变色松木识别的有效手段。通过研究植被指数阈值法，利用2022年8月4日发射的陆地生态系统碳监测卫星(句芒号)优于2 m高分辨率4谱段相机的特点，开展基于指数的松材线虫病木识别示范，验证该卫星松材线虫病监测应用能力。基于松材线虫染病松木光谱特征，提出基于与生物量和色素相关的双指数识别策略，设计了松材线虫病指数(PWDI),并在山东省栖霞市疫区进行句芒号松材线虫病识别测试。结果表明，双指数识别策略相比单指数策略性能更优，其中PWDI与NDVI组合的松材线虫病变色松木识别能力最强，总体精度达到84.5%,NWI—NDVI,NGRDI—NDVI组合次之。在单指数策略下，PWDI的识别性仍能优于其他5个测试植被指数。研究表明，句芒号卫星具有可靠识别松材线虫病变色松木的良好潜力，松材线虫病变色松木双指数识别策略及新的识别指数PWDI可为其他类似卫星的松材线虫病监测提供借鉴。     

GPS定位法在松材线虫病疫木调查中的应用

为清理因松材线虫病导致大面积死亡的树木,利用GPS定位采取全林实测方法进行疫木调查,并精准定位每株枯死树,使松材线虫病采伐作业调查设计更加规范化,获得很好的效果,从而总结了松材线虫病疫木调查及施工管理的经验,为松材线虫病疫木除治提供了科学有效的新途径。     

松材线虫病变色松树遥感监测研究进展

[目的]综合评述了松材线虫病变色松树遥感监测的数据和方法研究进展,并就星-机-地多源遥感数据协同监测变色松树提出展望。[方法]通过分析松材线虫病染病松树的生理生态特征和冠层光谱,综述遥感数据的获取、基于遥感数据的变色松树解译方法,讨论当前松材线虫病变色松树遥感监测存在的主要问题,并指出未来可能的研究方向。[结果]不同的遥感监测平台对于变色松树的识别各具其优势,地面调查具有高可靠性优势、卫星遥感具有多时相优势、无人机遥感具有高空间分辨率和高灵活性优势。其中以无人机遥感和高分卫星遥感为主的遥感技术的发展,伴随着遥感图像解译算法和计算机软硬件的改进,为松材线虫病疫区变色松树的快速定位和计数提供了新的手段。但新手段在变色松树监测过程中还存在着监测手段单一,定位位置偏差大、识别精度和识别效率低等问题。[结论]未来随着卫星数量的增多和无人机影像获取成本的减少,从多源遥感影像上采用人工智能算法快速定位出单株变色松树和疫区变色松树的计数将成为新的模式。     

松材线虫病发生情况及调查方法

松材线虫病是世界检疫性病害,40 a来,我国已在19个省(自治区、直辖市)742个县(区、市)发生,严重威胁我国林业的发展和生态、生物安全。内蒙古目前虽没有松材线虫病发生,但已是入侵的高风险区,做好预防监测是当务之急。因此,能识别松材线虫病、掌握调查方法显得尤为重要。文章阐述了该病的分布及危害、识别和调查方法,对广大基层工作者有所帮助。     

无人机遥感影像的松材线虫病危害木自动监测技术初探

针对常规松材线虫病(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)普查监测耗时长、数据实时性和真实性差的现状,作者基于无人机采集的高分辨率影像和e Cognition遥感图像处理软件,采用目视判读、模版匹配2种方法分别对疫区松材线虫病危害木进行遥感识别。根据研究区域实地踏勘结果,从识别精度和数据处理效率方面比较2种方法,发现相较于目视解译的传统信息提取方式,模版匹配方法在精度和效率方面具有明显优势,能有效提高松材线虫病危害木监测效率。     

韩国松材线虫病防控成效及启示

由松材线虫引起的松材线虫病对松林构成了严重威胁,松材线虫病的防控受到社会极大关注。30多年来,韩国为了遏制松材线虫病的扩展蔓延,减少灾害损失,保障生态安全,对松材线虫病采取立法及检疫、化学防治、清理病死树及疫木无害处理、预防性造林、检测和监测等措施,取得了良好的防治效果。文中回顾韩国松材线虫病发生过程,分析其流行特点,介绍防控措施及成效和近期研究现状,提出韩国松材线虫病防控成效对我国松材线虫病研究与防控的主要启示,即制定和完善松材线虫病防治相关法规,分类施策、综合治理,建立适合我国国情的松材线虫病防控体系和加强科学研究,提高科技支撑水平。     

江西省松材线虫病的风险分析与防控研究

通过对松材线虫病在江西省内发生状况、松材线虫病对江西林业生产和生态环境潜在的危害性、松材线虫寄主植物的分布和经济重要性、松材线虫的传播媒介和扩散的途径、以及松材线虫病风险管理难度的分析,进而对松材线虫病在江西的传播和扩散风险进行评估,并提出江西松材线虫病防控的策略,供江西有关林业部门参考。     

基于多特征提取与注意力机制深度学习的高分辨率影像松材线虫病树识别

为了提高松材线虫病树的监测效率,减少其对林业生产造成的损失,提出一种基于多特征提取与注意力机制深度学习的高分辨率影像松材线虫病树识别方法.该方法首先在高分辨率遥感影像上提取松材线虫病树的光谱特征、空间特征等多特征,然后进行Relief特征选择算法,取特征权重前8个特征进行病树识别,发现选择差值植被指数DVI(diffe...     

日本松材线虫病的危害与治理研究进展

松材线虫是日本的外来入侵物种,同时也是松材线虫病的病原体,该生态病害已摧毁了日本大部分地区的松林,并且具有不可知的耐药性.该文综述了日本松材线虫病的危害与治理研究进展,主要包括日本松材线虫病的危害、发生范围,松材线虫病的病原体与媒介昆虫及其关系,松材线虫病的防控等,为我国有效治理松材线虫病提供参考和借鉴.     

我国松材线虫病疫区现状及管理对策

2019年1月,国家林业和草原局公布了松材线虫病疫区和撤销疫区名单,并针对当前松材线虫病在我国发生的严峻形势,修订印发了《松材线虫病防治技术方案》和《松材线虫病疫区和疫木管理办法》,采取更加科学、严格的防治措施,遏制松材线虫病快速扩散蔓延。     

Accurate single-tree positions from a harvester: a test of two global satellite-based positioning systems

Accurate positioning of single trees registered automatically during harvesting operations opens up new possibilities for reducing the field sampling effort in forest inventories utilising remotely sensed data. In the present study, we propose to use a harvester to collect single-tree data during regular harvest operations and use these data to substitute or supplement traditional measurements on sample plots. Today’s harvesters are capable of recording single-tree information such as species and diameter at breast height, and a cut-to-length harvester was equipped with an integrated accurate positioning system based on real-time kinematic global satellite positioning, as well as a low-cost global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver mounted directly on the harvester head. Positions from 73 trees were evaluated and compared to coordinates obtained using a total station. At the single-tree level, the mean error for the integrated positioning system was 0.94?m. The low-cost GNSS receiver mounted on the harvester head yielded a mean error of 7.00?m. The sub-meter accuracy obtained with the integrated system suggests that data acquired with a harvester using this positioning system may have a great potential as a method for single-tree field data acquisition.     

基于GIS的森林火灾视频监控定位方法研究

目前我国大部分重点林区都配备视频监控系统,但在监控过程中如何实现自动判断火点位置仍然是有待进一步研究的问题.本文的定位方法以无线视频监控系统为硬件基础,以地理信息系统为软件平台,探索在单点摄像观测及多点摄像观测情况下火点定位问题及其解决方法.     

航空录像系统及其在森林保健中的应用

本文介绍了航空录像系统及其在森林保健中的应用情况；探讨了航空录像的技术特点，包括：图像获取系统、导航装备、实验室图像处理系统和其它航空录像系统配套设备和技术；并对发展我国的航空录像技术提出了建议。     

智能视频监控系统在森林防火上的应用

智能视频监控系统是在传统视频监控系统的基础之上,通过在前端使用可编程三维精确定位摄像技术和烟火智能识别技术,在后端使用3D GIS技术和联网监控技术,并针对森林防火的实际需要在3D GIS平台之上开发了森林防火辅助决策及应急指挥平台。     

基于声信号的供气管道阀门泄漏监测与定位系统研究

对供气管道阀门泄漏监测与定位系统进行基于声信号的研究,结合GPRS/GSM网络平台的长距离传输方式设计出可实现定位反馈功能的系统架构模型。文中详述系统的组成及内部连接方式并对传感器固定装置进行设计,利用不同材质管道泄漏孔声信号频率分析表设计出系统运行过程框图。系统应用的自动化监测模式对管道阀门泄漏监测与定位起重要意义。     

Measuring tree-ring increments on tree bole sections with a video-based robotic positioner

We report on the design and performance of a system that speeds measurement of radial tree-ring increments on tree stem disks; this method replaces the usual binocular microscope with a video image, and automates the measuring and recording processes. The system was used to measure bole sections cut from stems at various heights to determine volume growth of representative trees in an old-growth ponderosa pine stand. The objective of the measurement system was to speed acquisition of annual growth increments from a large number of disks. A personal computer controls the location of a video camera in a 3-axis positioning system. The operator views the sample on a video monitor and positions the camera over each ring by selecting it with a computer-driven mouse. The computer measures and records the distance that the camera moves between each ring. Task selection is facilitated by menu-driven software that also formats, checks and organizes data files. Measurements have a resolution of 0.026 mm; however, finer resolution could be obtained with a different camera lens. Tests of measurement variability (repeated measurements by individual operators on a single radius) indicated standard errors of 0.006 mm or less for the first measurement sets for four operators. Correlation coefficients among four radii per bole section were as low as 0.66 for a whole tree, suggesting that measurements on single radii may provide poor estimates of radial growth for old trees. This system also offers the potential for automatic ring detection and measurement.     

Path tracking in forest terrain by an autonomous forwarder

Abstract

Autonomous navigation in forest terrain, where operation paths are rarely straight or flat and obstacles are common, is challenging. This paper evaluates a system designed to autonomously follow previously demonstrated paths in a forest environment without loading/unloading timber, a pre-step in the development of fully autonomous forwarders. The system consisted of a forwarder equipped with a high-precision global positioning system to measure the vehicle's heading and position. A gyro was used to compensate for the influence of the vehicle's roll and pitch. On an ordinary clear-cut forest area with numerous stumps, the vehicle was able to follow two different tracks, three times each at a speed of 1 m s^?1, with a mean path tracking error of 6 and 7 cm, respectively. The error never exceeded 35 cm, and in 90% of the observations it was less than 14 and 15 cm, respectively. This accuracy is well within the necessary tolerance for forestry operations. In fact, a human operator would probably have a hard time following the track more accurately. Hence, the developed systems function satisfactorily when using previously demonstrated paths. However, further research on planning new paths in unknown unstructured terrain and on loading/unloading is required before timber transports can be fully automated.     

目测法估测树高的误差分析

利用目测法和VertexⅣ测高仪对黑龙江省凉水林场的部分树木高度进行测量,通过实测数据和目测数据的比较分析,结果表明:目测数据普遍低于实测数据,而且随着树高和冠幅的增加,估测误差也呈增大趋势,估测误差的波动范围很大,平均估测误差为3.4 m,目测数据和实测数据的拟合效果一般,平均估测精度为82.6%。几个主要树种的估测误差平均值在3～4 m左右,误差大于5 m的数据主要集中在红松和水曲柳中。     

小班定位误差评价方法探讨

提出了小班中心位置相对位移的概念，定义了误差的计算方法，并讨论了误差的评价标准，以使小班区划和定位准确性的质量评价更为科学合理。     

基于双目立体视觉SLAM的林下实时定位

[目的]在林下环境中受到树木冠层的遮挡,易造成全球导航卫星系统卫星信号失锁,不能满足林下实时定位的需求.本研究引入双目立体视觉SLAM技术,在移动过程中根据周围环境中路标点的位置变化实时确定传感器的空间位置和姿态,以期在林下环境中达到实时定位的目的.[方法]实验过程中使用双目相机按照10 Hz的采集频率对3块边长为40...