The effect of Sarcocystis tenella on wool growth in sheep

A dose of 1 × 10⁴Sarcocystis tenella sporocysts produced significant depression of wool growth in lambs dosed at 1 month of age. No significant effect on wool growth was produced when lambs were dosed at 5 months of age.     

Formalin and footrot in sheep

Changes in formalin concentration were measured over time in uncontaminated solutions and solutions heavily contaminated by mud, faeces, wool or straw. Shallow plastic trays containing 1.11 of a 9% aqueous solution of formalin were exposed for 6 days (trial 1) or 8 days (trial 2) to windy autumn weather. Evaporation of solution volumes was high (47-73%). Concentration generally increased over time: by 13-31% in trial 1 and by 61-162% in trial 2. These figures represent actual increases in percentage formalin of up to 3.0% in trial 1 and up to 7.6% in trial 2. Exposure to mud, sheep faeces or wool did not affect the increase in concentration but there was no increase in the presence of straw. As exposure to excessively concentrated formalin solutions produces hyperaemia, cracking of interdigital skin and lameness in sheep it is recommended that footbath solutions should be diluted to 2-S%, prepared on the day of use and discarded daily whether contaminated or not. Addition of formalin or water to existing solutions of unknown strength should be avoided.     

非遗传因素对多胎细毛羊初生重和断奶重的影响

本研究旨在分析影响多胎细毛羊出生重和断奶重的因素,为优质多产细毛羊的选育奠定基础.利用SPSS19.0软件对多胎细毛羊羔羊的初生重和断奶重进行了描述性统计分析,并利用SAS9.2软件的GLM(最小二乘方差分析)程序对新疆科创畜牧繁育中心2009-2019年多胎细毛羊1 567条产羔记录分析出生年份、出生月份、性别和母羊...     

Formalin and footrot in sheep

Changes in formalin concentration were measured over time in uncontaminated solutions and solutions heavily contaminated by mud, faeces, wool or straw. Shallow plastic trays containing 1.11 of a 9% aqueous solution of formalin were exposed for 6 days (trial 1) or8 days (trial 2) to windy autumn weather. Evaporation of solution volumes was high (47–73%).

Concentration generally increased over time: by 13–31% in trial 1 and by 61–162% in trial 2. These figures represent actual increases in percentage formalin of up to 3.0% in trial 1 and up to 7.6% in trial 2. Exposure to mud, sheep faeces or wool did not affect the increase in concentration but there was no increase in the presence of straw.

As exposure to excessively concentrated formalin solutions produces hyperaemia, cracking of interdigital skin and lameness in sheep it is recommended that footbath solutions should be diluted to 2–5%, prepared on the day of use and discarded daily whether contaminated or not. Addition of formalin or water to existing solutions of unknown strength should be avoided.     

Propetamphos pour-on formulation for the control of lice on sheep: effect of lice on weight gain and wool production

Infestation of sheep with the biting louse Damalinia ovis is a potentially serious problem which can effect the quality and quantity of wool produced and may reduce weight gains. In this trial treated sheep produced 34 per cent more wool than louse-infested controls and the wool from the treated sheep was of a better quality. The mean liveweight gain in the treated groups was 18 per cent more than that in the untreated group. Treatment with a pour-on formulation of propetamphos at 25 to 50 mg kg-1 gave more than 99 per cent control of lice and protected against reinfestation for four months.     

Transmission of virulent footrot between sheep and goats

OBJECTIVE: To determine the infectivity of ovine and caprine strains of Dichelobacter nodosus for both sheep and goats. DESIGN: Pen experiments in which 20 sheep and 19 goats were challenged directly with the two strains, and transmission experiments on pasture, using donors infected by experimental challenge. RESULTS: Sheep and goat strains of D nodosus infected both animal species in experimental challenges. Animals so infected transmitted footrot to both sheep and goats on pasture plots. A significantly smaller proportion of goats than sheep was infected when challenged with either strain. The interval between exposure and development of footrot in goats was longer than in sheep when recipient animals were exposed to infected donors on pasture. The disease was less invasive in goats than in sheep. CONCLUSIONS: With the strains of D nodosus used there was no evidence of host specificity. Direct transmission of footrot can occur between sheep and goats in the same environment. There is a need to include goats in ovine footrot eradication programs and vice versa.     

The effect of feed intake and body weight on purine derivative excretion and microbial protein supply in sheep.

Urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) was used to estimate the microbial N (MN) supply to sheep in three experiments designed to examine the effects of DMI and BW on the efficiency of microbial N supply (EMNS) to the host animal. In Exp. 1, four sheep of about 45 kg BW were given 328, 656, 984, and 1313 g of DM/d of a hay/concentrate diet in a Latin square design. Excretion of PD per kilogram of digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) increased with intake, and EMNS increased from 12.0 to 28.3 g of MN/kg of OM digested in the rumen (DOMR). In Exp. 2, 19 sheep ranging from 22 to 73 kg BW were all offered 820 g of DM/d of the same diet as that fed in Exp. 1. Although DM digestibility was relatively constant, PD excretion varied from 4.5 to 13.5 mmol/d and EMNS from 8 to 36 g of MN/kg of DOMR, both inversely related to animal BW. In Exp. 3, five sheep of 48 to 57 kg BW were given a different diet at 702, 966, or 1,237 g of DM/d. Purine derivative excretion per kilogram of DOMI increased with the DMI:BW ratio. Calculated EMNS ranged from 23 to 35 g of MN/kg of DOMR. Pooled data from all experiments showed EMNS to be related to the DMI:BW ratio. It is suggested that the DMI:BW ratio defines the ruminal digesta passage rate and hence outflow of microbial protein. The results imply that the EMNS for a given diet is not constant, but changes with intake.     

断乳前饲养方法对48～50’s半细毛羊生长和毛囊发育的影响

选择出生日龄相近、体重差异不显著的云南半细毛羊母羔120只，随机分为母子分隔、高低营养水平饲养，羔羊随母放牧、高低营养水平饲养四组，观测饲养方法对羔羊体重、毛长、毛量和毛囊发育的影响。结果母子分隔高营养水平饲养组各观测性状均高于其它各组，周岁体重较其它三组分别高1.03、2.23、2.93 kg，周岁剪毛量较其它三组分别高0.15、0.23、0.28 kg。高营养水平组毛囊密度、S／P较低营养水平组分别高2.89个／mm2和1.22。表明羔羊早期生长阶段的饲养方法对羔羊生长的影响一直持续到周岁乃至体成熟，而羔羊出生后早期生活阶段的营养水平影响着次级毛囊的成熟和单个毛囊纤维发育成毛纤维的能力，从而对羊毛生产力产生永久性的影响。     

羊腐蹄病的诊断与防制

2006年辽阳地区雨水多,导致往年不常见的羊腐蹄病爆发流行。给养羊业带来了一定的损失。腐蹄病是由厌氧坏死杆菌引起的一种慢性传染病。该病主要侵害羊的蹄部,在蹄部形成溃疡、化脓、空洞,导致羊跛行。     

断乳前饲养方法对40—50s半细毛羊生长和毛囊发育的影响

选择出生日龄相近、体重差异不显著的云南半细毛羊母羔120只，随机分为母子分隔、高低营养水平饲养，羔羊随线放牧、高低营养水平饲养四组，观测饲养方法对羔羊体重、毛长、毛量和毛囊发育的影响。结果母子分隔高营养水平饲养组各观测性状均高于其它各组，周风体得较其它三组分别高1.03、2.23、2.93kg，周岁剪毛量较其它三组分别高0.15、0.23、0.28kg.高营养水平组毛囊密度、S／P较低营养水平组分别高2.89个／mm^2和1.22。表明羔羊早期生长阶段的饲养方法对羔羊生长的影响一直持续到周岁乃至体成熟，而羔羊出生后早期生活阶段的营养水平影响着次级毛囊的成熟和单个毛囊纤维发育成毛纤维的能力，从而对羊毛生产力产生永久性的影响。     

The influence of urea diet supplemented with protected protein on metabolism and wool growth in sheep

The utility of blood meal and formaldehyde treated casein as protein supplements in the nutrition of sheep receiving approximately 50% of their total nitrogen from urea was studied. It was observed that protected protein supplements positively influenced wool growth and quality. On the basis of biochemical analysis of blood the mechanism of this effect is discussed. It seems that small protein supplements (about 6% of the total protein) are not only a source of amino acids in the duodenum but also influence the hormonal control in animals.     

麦盖提羊体重与体尺指标及其相关性分析

对麦盖提羊初生、断奶和周岁公母羊体重与体高、体长、胸围、胸宽、胸深、耳长、尾长等指标的相关性进行了分析,结果表明,麦盖提羊初生重与体高、胸围和耳长有正强相关关系,差异极显著(P＜0.01);断奶公母羔体重与胸围、尾长、体长、尾厚、管围有正强相关关系,差异极显著(P＜0.01);周岁羊的体重与胸围、管围有正强相关关系,差异极显著(P＜0.01).     

Retardation of wool growth in Merino sheep caused by bacteria

A condition evidenced by retarded growth of wool with alteration of the yolk into a yellow, sticky, wax-like substance was investigated. The condition was associated with hyperaemia and cellular infiltration into the dermis in the affected areas. Three bacterial species, viz. Enterobacter aerogenes, E. agglomerans and Hafnia alvei, which could grow on the water-extractable component of wool-yolk, were incriminated as the cause of the condition.     

不同断奶体重巴什拜羔羊的育肥效果分析

选择60日龄左右断奶的巴什拜羊公羔羊113只,按断奶体重大小不同分为4组,在同一饲养环境下育肥90d。结果表明,1、2、3、4组日增重分别达到233 g±3.75 g、242 g±2.91 g、229 g±3.16 g和170 g±5.27 g,1、2、3组日增重与第4组日增重差异显著(P<0.05);1、2、3组之间日增重差异不显著(P>0.05);每组育肥羔羊增收分别为118.23、125.03、115.51和71.57元/只,经济效益显著。     

放牧率对绵羊体重及繁殖性能的影响

通过不同放牧率对内蒙古本地绵羊(母羊)连续2年(2008～2009)的体重和繁殖性能的影响的研究表明:(1)在试验期内,随着时间的推移,不同放牧率下的绵羊体重总体上都呈上升趋势;间隔1个放牧率或以上的处理间,存在不同程度的显著性差异;(2)绵羊的个体增重与放牧率之间存在负相关关系;而公顷增重与放牧率的关系符合二次曲线关系,在达到公顷最大增重前,随着放牧率的增大而增大,之后随着放牧率的增大减小;(3)单位家畜增重和单位面积增重的交点的生态学意义在于放牧率为1羊/hm2,公顷增重和家畜个体增重相同;单位家畜个体增重对应的畜产品最优放牧率为0.50羊/hm2,单位面积家畜最大增重对应的畜产品最优放牧率为2.38羊/hm2;(4)过高的放牧率导致绵羊出现空怀现象及产羔率下降;羔羊的初生重和个体增重均随着放牧率的增大而减小,但其显著性差异仅表现在较高的放牧率与较低的放牧率之间,而在相邻放牧率间差异不显著。     

Effects of bentonite on wool growth and nitrogen metabolism in fauna-free and faunated sheep.

Two experiments were carried out with sheep that originated from a fauna-free flock and were fed a soybean meal-corn silage diet with or without a bentonite supplement. One-half of the sheep fed each diet in each experiment were faunated with a mixed population of ruminal protozoa, whereas the other half of the sheep remained fauna-free until the end of both experiments. Wool growth and daily gain were measured in Exp. 1. (eight rams per treatment), which lasted 110 d, and the metabolic effects in the rumen and intestinal tract of protozoa and dietary bentonite supplement were tested with cannulated wethers (four wethers per treatment) in Exp. 2. The results of Exp. 1 showed decreased wool growth (P less than .05) due to the presence of protozoa in the rumen. Dietary supplementation with bentonite partly offset the decreased wool growth in sheep with protozoa, but there were no effects of dietary bentonite and no protozoa x bentonite interaction (P greater than .05). Daily gain was decreased by the dietary bentonite (P less than .05) supplement but was not affected (P greater than .05) by the ruminal presence of protozoa. In Exp. 2, protozoa increased (P less than .01) the ruminal concentrations of ammonia and decreased (P less than .05) the acetic:propionic acid molar ratio. Fractionation of N in the duodenal digesta flowing from the stomach to the small intestine showed that protozoa decreased (P less than .05) the flow of nonammonia N and bacterial N, and there was a protozoa x bentonite interaction for these effects (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)