共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
随着我国畜牧业结构的调整,奶牛养殖业逐步向规模化和集约化方向发展.在较大的养殖密度下,奶牛生产生活环境对奶牛健康水平、饲养管理和疫病防治等工作具有重要的影响.奶牛场除了要科学选址与合理建厂,还要在实际生产生活中为奶牛营造一个良好、健康的饲养环境.从环境温度、湿度、光照、通风和大气五个方面分析奶牛对生产生活环境的要求,以... 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
近年来,我国奶牛业发展极为迅速,从城镇到乡村,从企业到个人,到处都掀起饲养奶牛的热潮。奶牛业的发展,增加了乳制品市场的有效供给,活跃了农村经济,增加了农民收入,是一项利国利民的好事,应该继续鼓励与引导。但是,目前我国奶牛生产的发展,主要为农村个体奶牛养殖户的发展。调查研究发现,当前我国奶牛养殖中,约有70%以上是农户的个体养殖。其特点为,以家庭为奶牛的基本生产单位,饲养规模小,生产工艺原始,生产技术落后,生产水平低。特别是这种奶牛生产模式绝大多数是在农户的庭院中进行,既不利于奶牛的防疫,又污染环境,特别是原料奶的质量得… 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
产乳热是奶牛产犊后泌乳造成血钙水平下降而引发的营养代谢性疾病,其发生病率非常高,对奶牛健康和生产性能影响较大。产乳热增加了奶牛生育性炎症、生殖障碍和内分泌、消化等方面疾病发生的几率,对养殖业造成很大的损失。影响奶牛产乳热的因素有很多,不仅包括奶牛品种、年龄、体况评分、产乳热史等牛自身因子,也包括饲养管理层面的因素,如泌乳天数、干奶期、产犊间隔的控制及奶牛饲料营养水平的调控,还与气候、环境等外界因素相关,这些影响因子往往相互交织,增加了奶牛产乳热的预防和治疗难度。作者综述了奶牛产乳热的发病机理,分析研究了各种因子对奶牛产乳热的影响机制,并介绍了几种预防措施,主要包括对奶牛饲养环境的管理、产犊间隔和泌乳情况的控制和奶牛不同阶段饲料营养水平的调控,以期为降低奶牛产乳热提供理论依据。 相似文献
13.
优质牛奶的充足供给需要以奶牛的健康养殖为基础。益生菌在奶牛饲料中的添加对奶牛的产奶量、乳成分和瘤胃微生态区系均有正面影响,可以通过增加奶牛瘤胃中有益微生物的含量,同时竞争性抑制有害菌的生长定殖,进而提高奶牛的机体健康状况和生产性能。本文对益生菌的功能、作用机制及在奶牛养殖中的应用效果进行阐述,旨在为益生菌的广泛应用提供参考。 相似文献
14.
L. R. Williams E. L. Jackson G. J. Bishop‐Hurley D. L. Swain 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(6):1076-1092
This study used a systematic literature review methodology to determine whether there is evidence that drinking frequency has effects on cattle performance, what performance responses to drinking frequency are documented and how performance responses vary according to environmental and animal factors. Electronic databases were searched for English language articles with original data on at least one performance attribute (e.g. water intake, feed intake, live weight) of cattle in response to voluntary drinking frequency or controlled access periods to water. Sixteen experiments on dairy cows and 12 experiments on beef cattle were retrieved from the literature. For beef cattle, all experiments reported reduced water and feed intake with access to water once every second and/or third day compared with once‐daily access. Median reductions of 15% and 25% in water intake and 16% and 9% in feed intake were found across experiments respectively. Live weight responses of beef cattle to access to water were limited and yielded positive, negative and no effects. For dairy cows, most experiments reported reduced water intake, milk yield and milk fat content with access to water twice or once daily compared with controls (ad libitum or ad libitum except at the dairy). Median reductions of 13% and 12% in water intake, 2% and 1% in milk yield and 1% and 2% in milk fat content were found across experiments respectively. Water availability effects on feed intake and live weight were very limited for dairy cows and yielded positive, neutral and negative effects. Season, climate, experiment conditions, animal class and animal genotype were identified to potentially influence intake responses of cattle. The review highlights a number of important gaps in the literature where future work is required to better understand the optimum drinking frequency of cattle and implications of water availability on health, welfare and performance. 相似文献
15.
[目的]研究旨在探讨不同微生态制剂对奶牛产奶性能和乳品质的影响,[方法]将40头荷斯坦奶牛随机分成4个处理组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,微生态制剂1组、微生态制剂2组、微生态制剂3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%的三种微生态制剂产品。[结果]结果显示:与对照组相比,微生态制剂1组、微生态制剂2组、微生态制剂3组的平均日产奶量、乳蛋白率均显著增加(P<0.05),体细胞数均显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,微生态制剂1组的平均日采食量、乳脂率均显著增加(P<0.05),料奶比显著降低(P<0.05)。与微生态制剂2组相比,微生态制剂1组的平均日产奶量、乳蛋白率均显著增加(P<0.05)。[结论]说明三种微生态制剂产品均能在一定程度上提高奶牛的产奶性能和乳品质,以微生态制剂产品1的作用效果最好。 相似文献
16.
17.
2010年我国奶业发展出现了高成本、高奶价、高进口等新趋势,使得2011年成为奶业转变发展方式的关键一年,是全面进入高成本时代还是建立适合我国国情的发展模式值得思考。为此,作者提出了能够引导我国奶业发展方向的5个重要指标,分别是每千克标准乳生产成本、饲料转化率、牛奶固形物产量、液态奶过热加工判断指标和粪污消纳指数。尽快在奶业发展中实施这些指标,有助于揭示和判断我国奶业发展过程中存在的本质问题,从而提出准确的应对措施,引导我国奶业持续健康发展。 相似文献
18.
决定我国奶业发展方向的5个重要指标 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
2010年我国奶业发展出现了高成本、高奶价、高进口等新趋势,使得2011年成为奶业转变发展方式的关键一年,是全面进入高成本时代?还是建立适合我国国情的发展模式?值得思考。为此,作者提出了能够引导我国奶业发展方向的5个重要指标,分别是每千克标准乳生产成本、饲料转化率、牛奶固形物产量、液态奶过热加工判断指标和粪污消纳指数。尽快在奶业发展中实施这些指标,有助于揭示和判断我国奶业发展过程中存在的本质问题,从而提出准确的应对措施,引导我国奶业持续健康发展。 相似文献
19.
An experiment was conducted to analyze feed, climate and animal factors affecting dry matter intake (DMI) in lactating dairy cows. Sixteen lactating Holstein cows, with parity from 1 to 6, were assigned to a feeding trial for 2 years, comprising 31 lactations. The animals were fed Italian ryegrass silage, oat hay, alfalfa hay, beet pulp and three types of concentrate. The data, pooled and classified by stage of lactation, season of lactation and parity were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression to determine the nature and extent of factors affecting DMI. A total of 45 prediction equations for DMI were derived. Energy‐corrected milk yield or milk yield was selected as the primary factor of DMI in all the equations in which the ratio of contribution (R2) varied from 0.26 to 0.67. The dietary concentration of organic cell wall, crude fiber, crude protein, organic b fraction, forage to concentrate ratio, average ambient temperature and temperature–humidity index were selected as the secondary factors affecting DMI for pooled data, late lactation (251–350 days of lactation), summer (June–August), spring (March–May), ≥4th lactation, autumn (September–November) and 3rd lactation, respectively, and improved R2 up to 0.77. Except for an impact of bodyweight in several equations, feed and climatic factors significantly improved prediction equations effectively for data classified in different ways. To estimate DMI accurately in lactating dairy cows, feed and climatic factors should be considered for specific conditions. 相似文献