15种冷季型草坪草在扬州地区的适应性评价

通过测定生长特性和坪用指标,对15种冷季型草坪草在扬州地区的适应性进行综合评价,以期为扬州地区冷季型草坪草引种提供依据。结果表明:草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)各品种表现好,综合评价高,最适于在扬州地区种植,其中旗舰(Corsair)和洁妮2代(GinneyⅡ)2个品种表现尤为突出,在建坪时可优先考虑;多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)可考虑做先锋草或补播引用;高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)各品种可作为粗放型的草坪草引种,其中家园(Plantation)和精华(Essential)2个品种表现较好;翦股颖(Agrostis stolinifera)的2个品种A-1和A-4都表现突出,适合在本地区种植。     

重庆地区菊苣引种栽培研究

引进丹麦丹农公司6个菊苣品种,在重庆近郊区进行品种评比和栽培技术研究。结果表明,6个品种生长良 好,从秋季到第二年春季年可刈割8次,鲜草产量可达155-192t/hm2;表现出不是多年生特性,而是越年生特性;播期 选在6月份,播后用遮阳网覆盖。     

重庆地区菊苣引种栽培试验

引进丹麦丹农公司6个菊苣品种,在重庆近郊区进行品种评比和栽培技术研究.结果表明,6个品种生长良好,从秋季到第二年春季年可刈割8次,鲜草产量可达155～192t/hm2;表现出不是多年生特性,而是越年生特性;播期选在6月份,播后用遮阳网覆盖.     

青海省草原总站高寒草地综合试验基地建设进展顺利

<正>2015年5月以来,海西州天峻地区天气逐渐转暖,雨水充沛。青海省草原总站抓住这一有利时机,在天峻县天棚乡适时启动了高寒草地综合试验基地建设工作。截至目前,完成了试验基地优良牧草品种引种筛选试验0.13 hm2、牧草品种混播试验3.9 hm2、大面积丰产栽培试验16 hm2的小区规划、品种     

重庆地区菊苣引种栽培试验

引进丹麦丹农公司6个菊苣品种，在重庆近郊区进行品种评比和栽培技术研究。结果表明，6个品种生长良好，从秋季到第二年春季年可刈割8次，鲜草产量可达155～192t／hm^2；表现出不是多年生特性，而是越年生特性：播期选在6月份，播后用遮阳网覆盖。     

黑麦草引种栽培试验

在贵州独山通过对 15种黑麦草进行引种栽培试验 ,选出适应当地气候条件生长的品种。本试验结果表明 ,一年生四倍体赛特和劲能的混播组合、一年生黑麦草劲能综合表现较好 ,是可推广应用的品种     

几个蓝莓品种在泸州地区的引种试验初报

四川省泸州市农科院在2008年10月引进6个蓝莓品种,经3年引种栽培试验,对其植物学特征、生物学特性、抗逆性及果实经济和品质性状开展系统评价,筛选出2个适宜在当地栽培的品种,并总结出一套相应的栽培技术措施。     

南方优质牧草品种筛选与示范推广

引进国内外优良牧草品种200余份,收集野生豆科牧草2个。针对江西气候、草地类型、农业、畜牧业生产特点和养殖业传统习惯等,通过引种栽培试验、混播组合试验,筛选出抗逆性强、高产优质杂交饲用高粱苏丹草品种3个(标兵、海牛、长青),豆科牧草品种3个(罗顿豆、圆叶决明、蝶豆),及牧草混播组合2个(紫花苜蓿+苇状羊茅,宽叶雀稗+圆叶决明)。通过在江西省内外示范推广,取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益,对江西省乃至南方同类地区都有一定的推广价值。     

高寒牧区牧草引种及混播技术的研究

在海拔高度近4000m的高寒牧区对10个燕麦优良品种进行引种比较试验，结果表明，10个品种均不能成熟，只能达到孕穗期，其中丹麦444、巴燕5号和选18等3个品种的青干草产量极显著高于对照巴燕3号，可在该地区推广种植。21个多年生禾草品种的引种试验表明，其产草量和越冬性能，上繁草中以垂穗披碱草，多叶老芒麦、紫野麦草较好；下繁草以中华羊茅、西北羊茅、毛稃羊茅、冷地早熟禾、紫羊茅（同德）、星星草为好。混播试验表明，多叶老芒麦30％＋中华羊茅70％的垂穗披碱草70％＋西北羊茅30％在第二、三年群落结构和产草量优于其它混播处理和单播。说明在高寒牧区利用多年生禾本科牧草混播是解决人工草地品种单一，优化群落结构，提高产草量的较好途径。     

澳大利亚十三个燕麦品种性状的初步研究

继1995年在恰卜恰地区对澳大利亚燕麦进行引种试验之后，1996年着重对澳大利亚13个燕麦品种的生物学特性与生产性能进行了初步研究，其中有9个品种可以作为续试品种，其产草量、产籽量高及抗逆性强的优良燕麦品种。     

Folin-Ciocaileu比色法测定菊苣中多酚的含量

本研究采用Folin Ciocalteu比色法对菊苣（Cichorium intybus）中的多酚含量进行测定。以没食子酸为对照品,检测波长为765 nm。结果表明,在0～5 μg·mL-1范围内,没食子酸吸光度与其质量浓度呈良好的线性关系（R2=0.999 7）;对稳定性、精密度、重现性、回收率进行了试验,相对标准偏差（RSD）为 0.23%～1.60%。该方法简便、快速、准确,是检测菊苣中多酚的可靠方法。根据拟合的线性回归方程进行菊苣各器官多酚的定量测定,结果表明,菊苣根、茎、叶、花和种子中的多酚含量分别为6.71、24.00、32.03、20.34和10.17 mg·g-1。     

AtmiR156a调控菊苣营养生长与品质

菊苣是南方草地生态畜牧业发展的重要牧草资源,其产量与植物营养生长阶段长短密切相关。本研究采用转基因的方法将拟南芥AtmiR156a在菊苣中过量表达,获得了140株转基因植株,PCR检测阳性率达94.3%。荧光定量PCR分析发现转基因菊苣中AtmiR156a表达量上调7.9倍。AtmiR156a过量表达菊苣与野生型菊苣的发芽率基本相当,但其叶片发生速率显著比野生型快,抽薹时间比野生型推迟20.2 d,开花推迟27.3 d,但是株高比野生型要矮,年均产草量与野生型基本相当。分析第一茬草的品质性状发现AtmiR156a过量表达菊苣叶片中粗蛋白含量比野生型高3.7%,纤维素降低2%,其他品质性状在两个材料中没有显著差异。本研究不仅建立了高效的菊苣遗传转化体系,培育出晚花、速生的菊苣新种质资源,为培育高产耐刈菊苣新品种奠定基础,同时为开展借助其他农作物重要功能基因进行菊苣遗传改良的研究工作提供借鉴,具有重要的理论研究与实际应用价值。     

黔育1号菊苣与紫花苜蓿、鸭茅间作栽培效果研究

依据贵州省松桃县的气候特点和牧草种植需要,用黔育1号菊苣与北林202紫花苜蓿、黔草4号鸭茅分别进行间作试验,从产量、营养品质、生产效益等方面对间作复合群体与3种牧草单播进行比较分析,探讨黔育1号菊苣与不同牧草间作种植模式的增产效益。结果表明,在贵州松桃地区,黔育1号菊苣+北林202紫花苜蓿间作,年均鲜草产量可达87.27 t/hm²,比紫花苜蓿单播产量增加36.17%,生产效益提高20.77%,粗蛋白含量达26.83%。该研究结果可为松桃县种草养畜产业的发展提供技术支撑。     

Novel forages for growth and health in farmed deer

AIMS: This paper reviews recent research on the use of new forages in deer farming that may be useful for increasing growth in weaner deer for venison production, increasing the trace element status of deer, and for developing systems less reliant on chemical inputs, notably of anthelmintics used to control internal parasites. GROWTH: Grazing on pure swards of red clover (Trifolium pratense) or chicory (Chicorium intybus) increased weaner growth during autumn by 26-47% and during spring by 10-14%, relative to red deer (Cervus elaphus) grazed on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) /white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture (0.8/0.2). Pre-weaning growth during lactation was increased by approximately 20%. These increases were due to increased rate of degradation of feed particles in the rumen, leading to higher digestibility and higher voluntary feed intakes (VFI). Red clover and chicory produce a greater proportion of their total dry matter (DM) during late summer and autumn than perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures, and are therefore better aligned with the seasonal feed requirements of deer. Grazing on the legume, sulla (Hedysarum coronarium), in autumn and spring increased the growth of weaner deer by 33% and 10%, respectively, relative to pasture-fed animals. PARASITES: Plants containing substantial concentrations of secondary compounds such as condensed tannins (CT) show promise for reducing problems caused by internal parasites. CT present in some legumes and the presence of low concentrations of both CT and sesquiterpene lactones in chicory are reviewed. Feeding sulla containing 35g CT /kg DM reduced abomasal nematode establishment and tended to reduce lungworm (Dictyocaulis eckerti) larval counts in faeces. Relative to weaner deer grazing pasture, weaner deer grazing chicory during autumn required fewer anthelmintic treatments without depressing growth rates. CT extracted from a range of legumes, and CT and sesquiterpene lactones extracted from chicory reduced the in vitro motility of both lungworm and gastrointestinal nematode larvae. The beneficial effects of CT-containing forages on the ability of young deer to manage internal parasite infections could be due to: indirect effects of CT resulting in increased amino-acid absorption, better meeting demands of the immune system; direct inhibitory effects of CT on parasite larvae and; taller plant morphology, reducing the ingestion of infective larvae. The effects of CT depend upon both their structure and CT Condensed tannins DM Dry matter L1 First-stage larvae L3 Infective third-stage larvae LWG Liveweight gain ME Metabolisable energy OM Organic matter OMD Organic matter digestibility VFIVoluntary food intake concentration in the plant, which vary between growing conditions, plant varieties and species. TRACE ELEMENTS: Chicory contained higher concentrations of copper and cobalt than perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture grown on the same farm, and deer grazing chicory had higher liver concentrations of both copper and vitamin B12. These forages may contribute to maintaining adequate trace element status in deer. CONCLUSIONS: Grazing systems that include legumes and herbs such as sulla, red clover and chicory can be used to substantially increase the growth of weaner deer for venison production whilst maintaining deer health and reducing requirements for chemical inputs. For maximum plant persistence and animal responses, these plants should be grown and managed as special-purpose forages and not used in seed mixtures with perennial grasses.     

中国柞蚕DNA多态性的RAPD分析

用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记技术对 4个代表性的柞蚕品种河 41、四青、青黄 1号、杏黄和 3个家蚕品种大造、C10 8、75 32的 2 8个个体进行了DNA多态性分析。结果表明 :柞蚕具有极为丰富的DNA多态性 ;不同品种的个体间 (种内 )的多态性为 80 7%,而同一品种个体间的多态性也达到 45 8%～ 49 4 %;同一品种个体间的遗传距离为 0 133～ 0 2 38,远大于家蚕的 0 0 0 8～ 0 0 81;不同品种个体间的遗传距离为 0 2 15～ 0 382 ,与家蚕相似。柞蚕的DNA多态性有 6 0 %来源于品种内的个体间 ,而来源于品种间的部分只占 40 %。UPGMA聚类时 ,柞蚕的各个体均能按品种聚在一起。     

玉米与菊苣不同密度间作试验

采用二因素饱和D最优设计,进行粮食作物玉米Zea mays与牧草菊苣Cichorium intybus cv. Puna不同密度间作试验,将试验数据建立玉米籽粒产量与玉米密度、菊苣密度的回归模型和菊苣鲜草产量与玉米密度、菊苣密度的回归模型。解析回归模型得知,当玉米密度为22 966株/hm2,菊苣密度为11 1851株/hm2时,玉米籽粒产量为5 993.69 kg/hm2;菊苣密度为258 834.3株/hm2时,菊苣鲜草产量为106 014.51 kg/hm2,玉米密度对菊苣鲜草产量的影响呈负增长效应。以玉米籽粒产量和菊苣鲜草产量同步增长为目标,对回归模型进行模拟寻优,提出实现玉米、菊苣共同增产技术方案,即玉米籽粒产量≥5 475 kg/hm2、菊苣鲜草产量≥82 500 kg/hm2时的玉米、菊苣间作密度为玉米43 446～50 499株/hm2、菊苣105 713～204 158株/hm2。     

不同果桑品种的桑椹酿酒试验

为促进果桑品种的选育研究,采用17个果桑品种的桑椹进行了酿酒试验,分析了桑椹原汁和成酒的理化指标。不同品种桑椹原汁的理化指标存在较大差异。原汁糖度较高的3个品种依次为粤椹大10、粤椹36和粤椹74;糖酸比值较高的3个品种依次为粤椹51、粤椹36和粤椹74;花青素含量较高的3个品种依次为粤椹74、粤椹34、粤椹19。将各品种桑椹榨汁后添加15%蔗糖发酵,发酵后各品种桑椹酒的残糖含量为0.00~1.20 g/L;总酸质量分数比发酵前下降12.5%~26.2%;花青素含量大幅度降低,损失率为71.4%~87.5%;乙醇体积分数为8.0%~10.9%,达10%以上的品种依次为粤椹大10、粤椹36、粤椹74和粤椹6;高级醇含量为0.24~0.52 g/L;总挥发酯含量为0.050~0.131 g/L;甘油质量分数为1.19%~1.64%。综合分析试验结果,初步筛选出粤椹大10、粤椹36和粤椹74作为较适宜酿酒品种,其中以粤椹74为最优。     

导入OsVTE基因提高普那菊苣的抗旱性

通过植物基因工程手段培育转基因作物品种,可改善作物的生存能力和对生态环境的耐受力。本研究以普那菊苣叶片(Cichorium intybus L.‘Puna’)为受体材料,用农杆菌介导方法,将来自水稻的由CaMV35S启动子驱动的生育酚环化酶(tocopherol cyclase,OsVTE)基因导入普那菊苣。经过卡那霉素(Km)筛选以及对抗性植株PCR和Southern杂交分析,获得了转基因植株。用不同浓度的蔗糖、琼脂和甘露醇溶液研究普那菊苣幼苗的耐旱性,发现转基因植株的耐旱性明显得到提高。蔗糖浓度为50g·L~(-1)、琼脂浓度为10g·L~(-1)和甘露醇浓度为30g·L~(-1)胁迫下普那菊苣的生理指标测定显示,转基因普那菊苣幼苗SOD、POD活性比未转化植株高2~3倍,转基因普那菊苣幼苗MDA含量降低。本研究获得了稳定的转OsVTE基因植株,旱胁迫下的转基因植株的SOD酶活性和POD酶活性含量提高,表现出一定的耐旱性。     

Proteome changes in renal cortex and medulla induced by dietary supplementation with inulin‐type fructans in growing pigs

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of dietary supplementation with inulin extract from chicory root and dried chicory root on the protein profile of the renal cortex and medulla of growing pigs. The experiment was carried out on renal cortex and medulla tissue collected from 24 50‐day‐old PIC x Penarlan P76 crossbred piglets (males). Animals were divided into three dietary groups (n = 8) and fed with a control diet, diet supplemented with 2% inulin extract from chicory root and a diet supplemented with 4% dried chicory root. Kidney samples were collected after 40 days of feeding, and renal cortex and medulla proteins were separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis. Protein identification was performed using MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The diet supplemented with 2% chicory inulin induced significant expression changes of 20 and 26 protein spots in the renal cortex and medulla respectively. Supplementation with 4% dried chicory root triggered changes in the expression of 44 and 24 proteins in the renal cortex and medulla respectively. Both forms of chicory inulin‐type fructans effectively affected the expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism, heat shock proteins and other chaperones, cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton‐related proteins, as well as other proteins. Additionally, changes in transferrin abundance in both experimental groups suggested the significance of chicory fructan supplementation for iron absorption and bioavailability. In conclusion, 2% inulin extract from chicory root and 4% dried chicory root exerted a similar effect on changes in renal protein expression; however, more pronounced alterations were induced by dried chicory root. Nevertheless, further studies are needed for better understanding the mechanism underlying the effect of chicory inulin‐type fructans and their fermentation end products on the kidneys of growing pigs.     

Evaluation of the chicory inulin efficacy on ameliorating the intestinal morphology and modulating the intestinal electrophysiological properties in broiler chickens

Chicory (Cichorium intybus) belongs to plants of the Compositae family accumulating energy in the form of inulin fructan. Chicory, a prebiotic, is a fermentable oligosaccharide and oligofructose that may affect the intestinal mucosal architecture and the electrophysiological parameters. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of adding chicory fructans in feed on the intestinal morphology and electrogenic transport of glucose in broilers. Four hundred, 1 day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into two groups (200 bird per group) for 5 weeks. The dietary treatments were (i) control, (ii) basal diets supplemented with the dried, grinded ground chicory pulp containing inulin (1 kg of chicory/ton of the starter and grower diets). In duodenum, dietary chicory increased the villus height and villus width and villus height to crypt depth ratio (p < 0.05), but the duodenal crypt depth remained unaffected (p > 0.05). However, in jejunum, the villus height, crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio were decreased by dietary chicory compared with control birds (p < 0.05). In ileum, the villus height and villus crypt depth was decreased by dietary chicory supplementation compared with control (p < 0.05), but, the villus height to crypt depth ratio was increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary chicory relatively affected the electrophysiological parameters of the intestine but did not reach significance. The amount of ΔIsc after d ‐glucose addition to the jejunal mucosa was numerically higher for chicory fed birds (19 μA/cm²) than control birds (10 μA/cm²). The percentage of increase in the Isc after d ‐glucose addition (ΔIsc %) was higher for chicory group upto (90%) of the control group. In colon, the actual Isc value and Isc after d ‐glucose addition was numerically higher for chicory fed birds than control birds (p > 0.05). Moreover, the conductance of jejunal and colonic tissues after d ‐glucose addition remained unaffected by the dietary chicory. In conclusion, addition of chicory to broilers diet increased the duodenal villus height, villus width and villus height to crypt depth ratio and decreased the villus height and crypt depth in both jejenum and ileum. Furthermore, dietary chicory relatively modified the small intestinal electrogenic transport of glucose in broilers.