顺-1,3-二氯丙烯与反-1,3-二氯丙烯室内抑菌活性对比

采用改进的菌丝生长速率法,对比测定了顺、反式1,3-D对8种常见植物病原真菌的室内抑菌活性。室内生物测定结果表明:2种熏蒸剂对不同植物病原真菌的室内抑菌活性均存在差异,且EC50值均为trans-1,3-D>1,3-D>cis-1,3-D。在防治植物病原真菌上,cis-1,3-D优于trans-1,3-D,但有待于进行田间试验进一步验证。     

氯化苦与1,3-二氯丙烯胶囊施用后在黄瓜及番茄果实中的残留检测

采用配有顶空进样器的高效气相色谱仪及测定氯化苦与1,3-二氯丙烯胶囊施用后在黄瓜与番茄果实中的残留量.结果表明:所有样本均未检出氯化苦或1,3-二氯丙烯,说明使用氯化苦与1,3-二氯丙烯胶囊进行土壤熏蒸后对食品安全.     

氯化苦与1,3-二氯丙烯胶囊施用后在黄瓜及番茄果实中的残留检测

采用配有顶空进样器的高效气相色谱仪及测定氯化苦与1,3-二氯丙烯胶囊施用后在黄瓜与番茄果实中的残留量。结果表明:所有样本均未检出氯化苦或1,3-二氯丙烯,说明使用氯化苦与1,3-二氯丙烯胶囊进行土壤熏蒸后对食品安全。     

4 种熏蒸剂对土壤硝化作用及相关酶活性的影响

以北京市顺义区黄瓜、番茄轮作3 a 以上的温室土壤为对象,采用室内恒温通气培养法,研究氯化苦（Pic）、1,3- 二氯丙烯（1,3-D）、二甲基二硫（DMDS）和威百亩（MS）等4 种熏蒸剂对土壤硝化作用和几种相关酶活性的影响,并对Pic 处理中可能影响硝氮含量变化的一些指标进行了相关性分析。结果表明：4 种熏蒸剂处理均对土壤硝化作用有明显抑制作用,其中Pic、1,3-D 和MS 处理对土壤硝化作用的抑制持续28～56 d,而DMDS 的抑制作用只有7 d 左右;Pic 对土壤蛋白酶活性表现出显著的增强作用,而MS 则对蛋白酶活性有强烈的抑制作用;各熏蒸剂处理对土壤谷氨酰胺酶和天冬酰胺酶均表现出不同程度的抑制作用。Pic 处理土壤硝氮（NO^₃--N）与铵氮（NH^₄+-N）、可溶性有机氮（DON）的相关系数分别为-0.977 和0.887,均达极显著水平;与可溶性氨基酸（DAA）和土壤微生物量氮（SMBN）相关系数分别为-0.628 和-0.645,均达显著水平。     

野葛花乙醇提取物对植物病原真菌的抑制作用研究

以黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)、柑橘青霉菌(Penicillium digitatum)、番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、梨黑星病菌(Venturia nashicola)5种植物病原真菌为供试菌种,采用牛津杯法,研究了野葛花乙醇提取物的抑菌活性及其对植物病原真菌的抑菌效果.结果表明:野葛花的乙醇提取物对这5种植物病原真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用;随着提取物浓度的增大,其对植物病原真菌的抑菌效果逐渐增强,当达到某一值后,抑制效果又随其浓度的增加逐渐减弱.另外,黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)、柑橘青霉菌(Penicillium digitatum)、番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、梨黑星病菌(Venturia nashicola)的最适野葛花乙醇提取物抑菌质量浓度分别为0.1250、0.2500、0.2500、0.2500、0.5000 g/mL,其中番茄灰霉病菌的最低抑菌质量浓度应大于0.0625g/mL.因此,野葛花的乙醇提取物在抑制植物真菌性病害方面具有广阔的开发利用前景,可作为新型植物源生物农药的良好剂型.     

苦豆子内生拮抗放线菌的筛选及活性菌株鉴定

以6种植物病原真菌为靶标菌,采用皿内对峙培养法,对126株苦豆子内生放线菌进行了抗菌活性筛选。结果表明:15株菌具有较高的抑菌活性,占总菌株数11.9%,其中菌株YWZKDS4和NDZKDS65对稻瘟病病菌和黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌带宽度最大,分别为15.12mm和18.54mm;菌株NDZKDS22具有广谱抗菌活性,它们的抑菌带宽度均大于10mm以上;根据形态特征和16SrRNA基因序列同源性分析,3株活性菌株YWZKDS4、NDZKDS22、NDZKDS65分别与Streptomyces scabiei、Streptomyces albospinus和Streptomyces capillispiralis亲缘关系最近,序列相似性分别为99.1%、96.4%、98.8%。试验结果表明,苦豆子内生放线菌对6种植物病原真菌具有较好的抑菌活性。     

28种药用植物提取液对6种植物病原真菌抑菌活性的测定

以瓜果腐霉（Pythium aphanidermatum）、辣椒疫霉（Phytophthora capsici）、尖镰孢菌（Fusarium oxysporium）、茄镰孢菌（Fusarium solani）、灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）、禾谷镰孢菌（Fusarium graminearum）等6种植物病原真菌为供试菌株,采用菌丝生长法对28种药用植物提取液的抑菌活性进行了测定。结果表明：丁香（Eugenia caryophyllata）对6种植物病原真菌的抑制率均达100%,乌梅（Armeniaca mume）、百部（Stemona sessilifolia）和木香（Aucklandia lappa）对5种植物病原真菌的抑制率均在70%以上。采用孢子萌发法对抑菌效果较好的5种药用植物进行进一步研究,结果表明：这5种药用植物对灰葡萄孢孢子萌发抑制率均在90%以上。     

狼毒大戟根提取物抑菌活性及其提取方法初探

以连续回流提取法从狼毒大戟根中提取得到抑菌活性物质,采用生长速率法进行离体抑菌试验确定其对多种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。狼毒大戟根提取物对黄瓜枯萎病菌、菜豆炭疽病菌、甜瓜枯萎病菌等9种供试病原真菌菌丝生长均有一定的抑制作用。通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最优提取工艺为:以90%乙醇作为溶剂,料液比1︰20,在提取温度为65℃和提取溶剂pH为10.0条件下提取90min,提取次数为2次。     

纳米Cu2O悬浮液对5种植物病原真菌的抑菌效果比较

研究了不同浓度纳米Cu2O悬浮液对5种植物病原真菌——番茄早疫病菌、辣椒疫霉菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌和油菜菌核病菌的抑菌效果。试验结果表明,纳米Cu2O悬浮液对5种植物病原真菌有非常明显的抑制作用,抑菌效果与纳米Cu2O质量浓度呈正相关,纳米Cu2O悬浮液对辣椒疫霉菌的抑菌效果明显优于对其他4种植物病原真菌的抑菌效果;纳米Cu2O质量浓度为100 mg/kg时,对辣椒疫霉菌的抑制率高达95%以上;纳米Cu2O质量浓度为400 mg/kg时,对番茄早疫病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌和油菜菌核病菌的抑制率均达到80%以上。     

萝芙木内生真菌的分离及发酵产物抑菌活性的研究

从萝芙木的果实中分离得到5株内生真菌:LG-A、LG-B、LG-C、LG-D与LG-E,以5株内生真菌为试验材料,采用微量滤纸片法,研究了5株内生真菌发酵乙醇粗提物对苹果腐烂病菌、苹果轮纹病菌与苹果果实链格孢菌的抑菌活性,以期筛选出具有农用抗植物病原真菌的活性菌株。并采用菌丝生长速率法,进一步测定了菌株LG-B与LG-D乙醇粗提物的不同溶剂萃取物的抑菌活性。结果表明:菌株LG-B与LG-D对3种苹果病原真菌均有明显的抑制作用。LG-B与LG-D发酵产物的乙酸乙酯萃取物抑菌活性较好,菌株LG-B对苹果腐烂病菌的EC50仅为16.2mg·L~(-1),LG-D对苹果腐烂病菌与苹果轮纹病菌的EC50分别为21.0mg·L~(-1)和52.8mg·L~(-1)。     

茄子新品种闽茄3号的选育

闽茄3号是利用自交系W-2-1-6和自交系H-1-2-1为亲本杂交而成的茄子一代杂种。该品种早熟性强,果色深紫红,果纵径30～35cm,横径4～5cm,平均单果质量160g,果肉白、细腻,抗黄萎病、绵疫病,667m2产量3000kg左右,适于早春保护地和春季露地栽培。     

极早熟梨新品系—115—3—1

115－3－1梨是湖北省农科院果茶所用伏梨和金水酥梨杂交培育而成。果实近圆形，平均单果重230g，含水溶性固形物11．5％－13．2％。在武汉地区7月初成熟。现已在南方地区推广近200hm^2。     

西葫芦新品种淄葫三号的选育

淄葫三号是以自交系BY1-3-6-12为母本,以QSl-3—12-8为父本配制而成的西葫芦一代杂种。该品种株型紧凑,生长势较强,早熟性好,雌花密,连续坐瓜性好,瓜条顺直,长筒形,纵径23—2512m,横径6～7cm,嫩瓜皮色淡绿,有光泽,商品性好。抗病毒病、霜霉病、白粉病能力比对照潍早一号强,露地栽培667m^2产量5000kg左右。适宜全国各地春秋露地及中小拱棚栽培。     

灯泡形蒲瓜新品种正源3号的选育

正源3号是以自交系H1052为母本、以自交系3042为父本杂交选育出的蒲瓜新品种.从播种到收获春季约65 d、秋季约56 d,延续采收期春季约42 d、秋季约36 d.植株生长势较强,分枝性强,瓜灯泡形,瓜色翠绿,平均瓜长19.5 cm、横径8.5 cm,单瓜质量620.0 g,667 m2产量2805.5～3218.1 kg.碳水化合物含量36.0 g/kg,蛋白质含量0.60 g/kg,钙含量89.4 mg/kg,β-胡萝卜素含量845.0μg/kg.经苗期人工接种鉴定,高感白粉病.田间表现耐热性、耐寒性、耐涝性和耐旱性强.适合华南地区春秋季栽培.     

早熟辣椒新品种黔椒3号的选育

黔椒3号是以y38为母本,y15为父本配制的早熟菜椒一代杂种.果长11～15 cm,横径2.5～4.0 cm,肉厚0.28～0.35 cm,平均单果质量25～35 g,果面微皱,味辣,抗逆性强.鲜椒蛋白质含量3.47%,干物质含量29.00%,VC含量303 mg/100 g.早熟,从定植至始收55 d,平均产量45 000～52 500 kg/km2.     

CmRT1, a Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon in Castanea mollissima,is associated with a short-catkin mutation

Summary

Retrotransposons are major components of the genomes of most eukaryotic organisms and have resulted in the introduction of desirable traits in many crops, including fruit trees. Here, we describe a Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon associated with a short-catkin mutant in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), resulting in catkins that are < 20% the length of normal staminate catkins. A partial sequence of the retrotransposon, named CmRT1, detected by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, and its complete sequence were determined from the genome of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) using improved Tail-PCR. CmRT1 was 10,067 bp in length and shared high homology in its predicted amino acid sequence and motifs with other Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons. The 5’ long terminal repeat (LTR) of CmRT1 contained a TATA box and several cis-elements that were predicted to be important for processes involving abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and auxins and in stress-mediated responses. Further characterisation of the transposition event that led to the short-catkin phenotype was performed using two pairs of primers that aligned with the flanking region of the LTRs. The expected PCR bands were observed only in genomic DNA from plants that showed the mutation. Finally, cloning and real-time qPCR analysis of an NADP-dependent alkenal double-bond reductase (CmADBR) target gene that was adjacent to CmRT1, revealed that CmADBR expression was significantly down-regulated in the short-catkin mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that the CmRT1 retrotransposon is responsible for the short-catkin phenotype.     

Shenmai injection improves insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 cells

AIM: To discuss the effect of Shenmai injection on insulin resistance (IR) in 3T3-L1 cells and its mechanisms. METHODS: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced by chemical reagents to differentiate into fully differentiated adipocytes. Oil red O staining was used to detect the differentiation level of the adipocytes. The insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 cell model was demonstrated using insulin, which was confirmed by glucose concentration in cell supernatant. The IR cell model was given 10 μmol/L rosiglitazone, 25 and 50 g/L Shenmai injection and normal saline for comparison. MTT assay was used to assess the cell activity of 3T3-L1 cells which was treated with drugs for 8, 16, 24 and 36 h. Glucose oxidase method was used to detect the glucose concentration in the cell supernatant at 8, 16 and 24 h. The protein levels of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT and p-AKT were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: 3T3-L1 adipocytes were successfully induced as shown by the positive oil red O staining. The IR cell model was demonstrated, and glucose concentration in the cell supernatant after treatment with Shenmai injection showed that Shenmai injection reduced the IR in 3T3-L1 cell model. The protein levels of GLUT4, PI3K and p-AKT increased compared to control group. CONCLUSION: Shenmai injection reduces the IR in 3T3-L1 cell model, which functions by increasing the protein levels of GLUT4, PI3K and p-AKT.     

Regulation by reactive oxygen species of matrix metalloproteinase-1, 3 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in smooth muscle cells

AIM: To understand whether reactive oxygen species promote the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques by regulating the balance of matrix metalloproteinase-1, 3 (MMP-1, 3) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in smooth muscle cells. METHODS: Aortic smooth muscle cells from 4-6months-healthy abortive fetuses were incubated for 24 hours with xanthine (100 μmol/L) and xanthine oxidase (5 U/L) in vitro . MMP-1, 3 and TIMP-1 in the concentrated culture media were measured by Western blotting ( n =3 independent experiments). RESULTS: Incubation with xanthine/xanthine oxdiase decreased the amount of MMP-1 in the aortic smooth muscle cells (21.2%±5.5% of the control group), and pro-MMP-1 was activated completely. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) also activated pro-MMP-3, and increased the production of MMP-3 in the aortic smooth muscle cells. On the other hand, ROS inhibited the production of TIMP-1 in the aortic smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSION: It is complicated that ROS regulates the balance of MMPs and TIMPs. ROS may contribute to matrix degradation and the rupture in the atherosclerotic plaques.     

核桃新品种漾杂1、2、3号的选育

云南省漾濞大泡核桃是云南省的主栽品种,但该品种对立地条件要求较严,御霜抗病性较差,制约了其发展.因此,培育核桃新品种,使其坚果品质与大泡核桃等优良品种相近,而对瘠薄土壤的适应性、丰产性、抗病性等方面优于大泡核桃,于是用大泡核桃与娘青核桃杂交.经25年的努力,培育出漾杂1号、漾杂2号和漾杂3号,已于2006年3月通过省级鉴定.