Caffeoylquinic acid derivatives isolated from the aerial parts of Gynura divaricata and their yeast α-glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitory activity

The phytochemical investigation of natural products of Gynura divaricata led to the isolation of eleven caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. They were characterized by spectrometric methods as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1), 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid (2), 5-O-feruloylquinic acid (3), methyl 5-O-caffeoylquinate (4), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (5), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (6), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (7), methyl 3,4-dicaffeoylquinate (8), methyl 3,5-dicaffeoylquinate (9), methyl 4,5-dicaffeoylquinate (10) and ethyl 4,5-dicaffeoylquinate (11). The individual compounds were screened for the inhibition of yeast α-glucosidase and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) using in vitro assays. Among the isolated compounds, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (5), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (7), methyl 3,4-dicaffeoylquinate (8) and methyl 4,5-dicaffeoylquinate (10) exhibited significant inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase. In addition, 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid (2), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (6) and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (7) had considerable inhibitory effect against PTP1B. Based on these findings, the caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were deduced to be potentially responsible for the anti-diabetic activity of G. divaricata. The preliminary structure–activity relationship study suggests that the number and positioning of caffeoyl groups in the quinic acid derivatives are important for both α-glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitory potency. Moreover, the corresponding methyl esters of some dicaffeoylquinic acids have enhanced inhibitory activity against yeast α-glucosidase.     

Chemical constituents of Lychnophora pohlii and trypanocidal activity of crude plant extracts and of isolated compounds

Crude extracts of Lychnophora pohlii were tested in vitro against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, and the dichloromethane and methanol crude extracts from leaves plus inflorescences were found to have trypanocidal activity. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the extracts yielded seven active compounds: the sesquiterpene lactones lychnopholide, centratherin, goyazensolide and 15-desoxygoyazensolide in the dichloromethane extract, and caffeic acid and the flavonoids luteolin and vicenin-2 in the methanol extract. One active caffeoyl quinic acid derivative was isolated from the inactive hydroalcoholic extract of leaves plus inflorescences. Chemically, the plant has sesquiterpene lactone type furanoheliangolides, flavonoids, caffeic acid, a caffeoyl quinic acid derivative, which are characteristic of the Vernonieae.     

3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid isolated from Artemisia argyi and its ester derivatives exert anti-Leucyl-tRNA synthetase of Giardia lamblia (GlLeuRS) and potential anti-giardial effects

An aqueous ethanol extract of Artemisia argyi inhibited the aminoacylation activity of LeuRS from Giardia lamblia (GlLeuRS). The bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1), with an IC(50) of 5.82μg/mL. The ester derivatives of 1 were also found to possess strong anti-GlLeuRS effects, with IC(50) values of 1.79, 5.51 and 2.56μg/mL respectively. Anti-giardial assay showed that the derivatives, especially 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid propyl ester (4) (IC(50)=4.62μg/mL), were effective at killing G. lamblia.     

澜沧江自然保护区云南铁杉林种子植物区系特征研究

从科、属、种级水平上对澜沧江自然保护区云南铁杉林的种子植物区系特征进行了研究。结果表明:①该云南铁杉林与热带区系的联系以泛热带、热带亚洲成分为主,与温带的联系以东亚成分和北温带成分为主;在云南与滇西、滇西北的关系最为密切;在全国与西南地区关系密切,在东亚地区与中国—喜马拉雅地区最为接近。②经对该云南铁杉林种子植物科、属、种级水平上的热带分布与温带分布之比作分析,得出其群落具有亚热带向温带过渡的特点。     

Comparison of antioxidant activity in enzyme-independent system of six Stachys species

The antioxidant activity of six Stachys species native to Hungary in an enzyme-independent lipid-peroxidation system was examined. The methanolic extracts were found to be more effective than the controls alpha-tocopherol succinate and ascorbic acid. The following components were determined by spectrophotometric analysis: hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, phenols content and flavonoids.     

Valerenic acid derivatives and valepotriates among individuals, varieties and species of Valeriana.

To investigate the variations of active compounds between species, varieties and individuals of Valeriana cultivated under the same environmental condition, the contents of valerenic acid derivatives and valepotriates in rhizomes and roots of different plant material were analysed by a HPLC method. Different species or varieties of Valeriana yielded 11.65-0.15 mg/g of valerenic acid derivatives, and 1.81-0.03 mg/g of valepotriates. The variation between individuals of one commercial cultivar of V. officinalis ranged from 12.34 to 3.01 mg/g of valerenic acid derivatives, and 3.67-0.92 mg/g of valepotriates. Individuals from self-pollinated mother plants, normal or regenerated, showed a similar variation. The variation of micropropagated plants was much less than the seed propagated plants. The ratio of mean values between valerenic acid derivatives and valepotriates was similar in all groups (3 < ratio < 8) except one group of micropropagated plants (ratio > 20).     

无量山国家级自然保护区云南铁杉居群的特征研究

采用面积调查与抽样调查相结合的方法,对无量山国家级自然保护区云南铁杉的居群分布及结构动态等特征进行了研究。结果表明,无量山国家级自然保护区共记录到20个云南铁杉居群,面积2497．1hm2;居群的平均海拔分布为2560—2880m;居群的空间分布格局为聚集分布;胸径5em以上的立木分布密度为203．2棵／hm2,立木平均胸径为40．9cm;绝大多数立木的高度在15—40m之间;云南铁杉居群属于下降型居群。研究结果对云南铁杉的保护和利用具有重要的参考意义。     

大孔吸附树脂对杜仲叶中绿原酸、总黄酮的分离研究

通过对静态吸附容量和洗脱效果的选择，从10种大孔吸附树脂中确定出最适于杜仲叶中绿原酸、总黄酮分离的XDA-5树脂。研究了用该树脂吸附分离杜仲叶中绿原酸和总黄酮的方法，得出以下结论：1)杜仲叶绿原酸和总黄酮的最佳分离工艺为：上柱液pH值为2-3，静态吸附时间8h，绿原酸最佳洗脱剂为10％～15％乙醇溶液，黄酮洗脱剂为50％-70％乙醇溶液，流速为每分钟流出液体积相当于吸附剂体积的8％；2)10％～15％乙醇洗脱液经真空浓缩后，其固形物得率为4．85％，绿原酸含量为36．65％；3)50％～70％乙醇洗脱液经真空浓缩后，其固形物得率为4．98％，总黄酮含量为28．34％。     

无量山国家级自然保护区植被保护价值评价

对无量山国家级自然保护区的植被类型作群系级划分,进而从稀有性、特有性、生态重要性、脆弱性、易受干扰性、珍稀物种多度、物种多样性7个方面对保护区植被类型进行保护价值数量化评价,并对主要群系的保护价值作综合评价,位于保护价值前列的植物群落分别是:元江栲林,木果石栎林,壶斗石栎林,云南铁杉林和杜鹃、乌饭、八角矮林.     

Constituents from Lonicera japonica

Five caffeoylquinic acids and esters (1-5), including a new compound, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid butyl ester (5), were isolated from the flowers and buds of Lonicera japonica and their structures were determined by NMR spectral analysis.     

Identification of two compounds correlated with lack of rooting capacity of chestnut cuttings

Cuttings from mature chestnut (Castanea spp.) trees are very difficult to root, whereas juvenile or etiolated cuttings root easily. The HPLC chromatograms from mature cuttings consistently showed two well-defined peaks that were absent from juvenile or etiolated cuttings. The compounds responsible for these two peaks were isolated and identified as derivatives of ellagic acid, 3,3',4-tri-O-methylellagic acid (compound 1) and 3,4,4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid (compound II). Compound I significantly inhibited rooting as measured by the bean test; a concentration of 3.0 x 10(-5) M caused a 32% inhibition in number of roots formed compared with controls grown in 10(-5) M IAA. When compound I was mixed with an equal quantity of IAA, the rooting activity of the auxin was reduced by 31.5%. An insufficient amount of compound II was available for the bean assay.     

DPPH radical scavenging activity of two flavonol glycosides from Aconitum napellus sp. lusitanicum

The DPPH radical scavenging activity of two flavonol glycosides obtained from ethanolic extracts of Aconitum napellus sp. lusitanicum was studied. The results showed a high DPPH antiradical activity of compound 1 (quercetin 3-O-(6-trans-caffeoyl)-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-glucopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside) when compared with compound 2 (quercetin-3-sophoroside-7-rhamnopyranoside), rutin and ascorbic acid. The relationship between the caffeoyl and rhamnopyranoside groups in the flavonol glycosides structures and the DPPH antiradical activity was also discussed.     

银杏叶黄酮研究进展

报道了近年银杏叶黄酮的最新研究进展;银杏叶黄酮生物体内合成代谢途径：遗传因子、生长发育进程、生态条件和栽培措施对银杏叶黄酮的影响;调控银杏叶黄酮的遗传和生理生化机制等,介绍了生物技术和化学合成在工厂化生产银杏黄酮方面的尝试,并对提高银杏叶黄酮含量的途径进行了评价及前景展望。     

Irbic acid, a dicaffeoylquinic acid derivative from Centella asiatica cell cultures

3,5-O-dicaffeoyl-4-O-malonilquinic acid (1) (irbic acid) has been isolated for the first time from cell cultures of Centella asiatica and till now it has never been reported to be present in the intact plant. Evidence of its structure was obtained by spectroscopic analyses (MS/NMR). Besides 1, cell cultures produce also the known 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and the triferulic acid 2 (4-O-8′/4′-O-8″-didehydrotriferulic acid). Biological activities were evaluated for compound 1, which showed to have a strong radical scavenging capacity, together with a high inhibitory activity on collagenase. This suggests a possible utilization of this substance as a topical agent to reduce the skin ageing process.     

Investigation into the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of alcoholic extracts from defatted marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) residue

The influence of various solvents on the yield of polyphenols from defatted marigold residue, the antioxidant activity of the extracts and the composition of antioxidant compounds in the extracts were investigated. The content of total phenolics and flavonoids in the extracts was significantly varied with different solvents (P<0.05) and the extract by ethyl alcohol (EtOH)/water (7:3, v/v) has the highest content of total phenolics and flavonoids, 62.33 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g and 97.00 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by radical (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the antioxidant activity was well correlated with the content of total phenolics and flavonoids (R2>0.900). Antioxidant components in the extracts were identified by combined on-line HPLC-ABTS·+ post-column assay and HPLC-DAD-MS method. Gallic acid, gallicin, quercetagetin, 6-hydroxykaempferol-O-hexoside, patuletin-O-hexoside and quercetin were the dominant antioxidant compounds in the extracts, and quercetagetin was identified as the strongest antioxidant capacity.     

Purification of four strains of endophytic fungi from Astragalus and their optimized liquid fermentations

This study was designed to isolate endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus(growing in northeast China) to determine whether they can produce bioactive metabolites. Four strains of endophytic fungi(strains 16, 17, 23 and 75) were successfully isolated from A. mongholicus using the surface disinfection method. According to ITS-rDNA sequences analysis, strains 16 and 75 were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, and strains 17 and 23 were identified as Bionectria ochroleuca. We applied the Box-Behnken design(BBD) to optimize the liquid fermentation conditions and obtain the maximum cell dry weight(CDW) yield. Optimal parameters were obtained under the following experimental conditions: temperature of 28°C, potato dextrose agar(PDA) liquid medium of 80 mL and rotation speed of 150 rpm. The four isolated endophytic fungi did not produce astragalosides I–IV, flavonoids or polysaccharides. Isolation of additional species of endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus and determination of their capacity to produce biologically active substances are subjects in need of further research.     

基质固相分散和HPLC-IT-TOF/MS联用研究漆树木材中多酚成分

采用基质固相分散(MSPD)技术进行漆树木中多酚化合物的提取,根据单因素试验得到优化工艺条件为:ZSM-22为吸附基质,吸附基质与样品的质量比为2:1,洗脱溶剂为体积分数70％甲醇,洗脱溶剂用量8 mL,研磨时间2 min.在此条件下,漆树木多酚提取得率为(466±2.05)mg/g(以没食子酸计).采用高效液相色谱-...     

金樱子黄酮类化合物的初步研究

用70%的乙醇提取金樱子中的黄酮类物质,得到粗黄酮,利用分光光度法测定金樱子的黄酮含量。以亚油酸为反应底物,用TBA法测定金樱子黄酮类化合物的抗氧化能力。结果表明:金樱子果实随成熟度的增加,黄酮含量呈明显下降趋势;金樱子果肉中总黄酮含量可高达干重的15.39%;粗黄酮粉的得率高达金樱子果肉干重的58.31%,粗黄酮粉中的黄酮含量为26.39%;金樱子黄酮类化合物主要是黄酮和黄酮醇两类;金樱子黄酮类化合物能显著的阻断亚油酸的自氧化作用,表现出较强的抗氧化活性。