2000年广东养禽业走势分析

１９９９年,我省家禽生产获得了第２１个增产年,全省生产禽肉１０３万吨,增产５％,禽蛋２９万吨,与上年持平;禽肉人均占有量１４．５ｋｇ,比全国人均多４５％;禽肉与猪肉的比重已由１９８５年的０．３：１升至０．５２：１;禽肉占肉类总产量的３４．２％。这一年...     

1993年世界禽肉生产和贸易形势

1993年世界肉类产量1.86亿吨,比1992年增长1％。由于世界饲料价格普遍涨价,牲畜疾病不断发生,导致肉类增长持缓。亚洲、南美和北美肉类产量持增,非洲、欧洲以及前苏联国家肉类产量下降。就禽肉而言,1993年世界禽肉持续增长,比1992年增长4％,禽肉产量4600万吨。美国禽肉产量再创新记录。欧共体国家禽肉产量略增。     

1999年部分省市养鸡概况

广东:３季度出栏５．０２８４亿只,禽肉产量７６．２９万吨,禽蛋产量２０．２９万吨,与去年同期比较分别为-７．８%,-６．１%,-６．１%,禽产品价格回升。厦门:３季度家禽存栏０．０３３亿只,与去年同比增７．４%,出栏０．０１８亿只,与去年同比降１．１%。１～３季度出栏０．０５２亿只,与去年同比增８．１%,禽肉产量０．５２万吨。与去年同比增８．１%,禽蛋产量１．２１万吨,与去年同比降３．２%,蛋禽饲养量比去年下降。甘肃:３季度出栏０．６６７２亿只,与去年同比增５．７%。蛋价上涨,鸡肉价平稳。湖北:１～３季度出栏肉禽２．３２亿只,…     

2013年全国生猪出栏71557万头

据国家统计局消息,2013年猪牛羊禽肉产量8373万t,比上年增长1．8％。其中猪肉产量5493万t,增长2．8％;生猪存栏47411万头,比上年下降0．4％;生猪出栏71557万头,比上年增长2．5％。而居民消费价格比2012年上涨2。6％,其中猪肉价格上涨0．3％。     

1993年畜牧业权威数据张榜

本刊获悉,1993年,我国猪牛羊肉总产量预计达到3105万吨,比1992年增长5.6％,其中猪肉产量2676万吨,增5％,牛羊肉产量338万吨,增10.6％。 禽肉产量预计达到516万吨,比1992年增长13.6％,占猪牛羊肉产量的比重为14.3％,比上年增长1％。     

全省养禽情况及形势分析

1997年底，全省家禽存栏3．65亿只，比上年下降10．1％，家禽出栏3．66亿只，比上年增长4．8％，禽蛋产量201．4万吨，比上年增长30．3o，禽肉产量49．3万吨，比上年增长28．5％。人均禽蛋占有量20．7公斤，比上年增长3O．2％，人均禽肉占有量5．l公斤，比上年增长29％。就当前情况来看，养禽形势比较严峻，春节过后，市场继续下滑。据统计今年一季度末，家食存栏2．94亿只，与去年同期相比减少1327．65万只，下降4．6％；家禽出栏1．12亿只，与去年同期相比增加1385．35万只，增长14．15％；禽肉产量15．25万吨，与去年同期相比增加2．04…     

1999年广东家禽生产展望

家禽生产在广东的畜牧业中占有重要的位置，禽肉占肉类的比重越来越大，至今已达３４．１％，全省人均占有禽肉１４公斤。养禽业已成为广东农业现代化建设中最有活力的产业之一。１９９８年回顾１９９８年家禽业生产继续增产，据农业普查数预计，产禽肉９８．１１万吨，增...     

标准化:潍坊禽肉称雄国际市场的关键

潍坊是一个禽肉加工出口大市：年出口禽肉达12万吨，占全省60％左右，占全国30％以上；今年5月底欧盟解禁后注册的中国禽肉出口企业中，潍坊有7家，占全国的一半，占全省的70％。肉禽肉加工出口带动畜牧业因而成为潍坊农村经济的一个支柱产业：去年，这个市畜牧业年收入达到204亿元，占农业总收入的41％以上；年产肉类99．4万吨、蛋40．5万吨、奶10万吨。畜牧业收入在这个市的临朐等县占到了农民纯收入的60％以上。然而，就是这样的禽肉加工出口大市，近年来在国际市场的动荡中，也是一会儿波峰，一会儿波谷，生产经贸极不稳定，折腾得够呛…     

全球家禽生产、屠宰、贸易、消费数据库

据联合国粮农组织最新估计，2005。年世界禽肉总产量为8110万吨，其中，鸡肉占86％，火鸡肉占6．5％，鸭肉占4．5％，鹅肉占3％（见表2）。受高致病性禽流感（HPAI）影响，禽肉生产和需求力度下降。2006年全球禽肉总产量比2005年少1％以上。     

2000年广东养禽业走势分析

广东的养禽业，在二十世纪八、九十年代间，是速度快，种类、品种多，持续发展的时期。至１９９９年，全省家禽饲养量已超１０亿只，相当于１９７８年改革开放前的１４倍多．饲养的家禽有传统的鸡鸭鹅“三鸟”，还有新兴的肉鸽、鹌鹑、山鸡、鹧鸪、珍珠鸡、水鸭、黑凤鸡等共“十鸟”。进入新世纪，广东的养禽业仍将健康发展，在总体上将实现由速度数量型向质量效益型的转变，进入国际市场参加国际竞争的新的发展时期。１９９９年，我省家禽生产获得了第２１个增产年，全省生产禽肉１０３万吨，增产５％，禽蛋２９万吨，与上年持平；禽肉人均…     

Salmonella in pork cuttings in supermarkets and butchers' shops in Denmark in 2002 and 2006

The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data.     

Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium

This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.     

Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo

Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (C_max, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their C_max (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T_1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (C_ss) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.     

Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97).     

2005年国内蛋、肉鸡市场分析回顾及2006年走势预测

2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation

Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.     

Mycobiota and aflatoxins in raw materials and pet food in Brazil

Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food.