四川蚕业科技滞后的原因及其对策

四川是我国最重要的四大蚕区之一。通过广大蚕业科技工作者的辛勤耕耘和无私奉献 ,结束了产茧量长期以来在 2 0～ 4 0万担间徘徊的局面 ,1 978年首次突破百万大关 (产茧 1 0 4 .4万担 ) ,占全国第一位。 1 980年产茧1 84万担 ,远远超出日本的产茧量。 1 991年产茧量达 30 7万担 ,至 1 995年产茧量近 4 0 0万担 ,占全国的三分之一 ,占世界的五分之一 ,创下了辉煌 ,为人民增收 ,国家创汇和四川经济的振兴作出了巨大贡献。但随着近几年来丝绸行业的几起几落 ,蚕业生产跌入低谷 ,到 1 999年 ,全省发种仅 2 90余万张 ,产茧1 4 0万担 ,比历史高峰…     

对四川蚕业的思考

1　 2 0 0 2年全省蚕业的回顾2 0 0 2年四川蚕业在经历蚕茧流通体制改革、蚕业管理机构调整和丝绸市场行情持续低迷的情况下 ,经过全行业共同努力 ,克服困难 ,蚕业生产仍然取得了较好的成绩 ,蚕茧产量保持稳定 ,质量有所上升 ,各项工作有新的进展。去年全省生产原种 7 9万张 ,生产一代杂交种 3 0 5万张 ,原种、普种在数量和品种上均可满足今年生产的需要。蚕种的主要质量指标稳中有升。全年发放蚕种 3 0 0万张 ,产茧 1 60万担 ,质量有所提高 ,总量与上年持平。1 1　完善四个体系。一是完善管理体制。 2 0 0 2年许多市、县进行了机构改革 ,…     

“大蚕省力化室外棚架育”高产配套技术的探索与实践

1　我县蚕业现状我县栽桑养蚕历史悠久 ,这一古老而传统的产业为我县城乡经济的发展创造了辉煌的业绩。初步统计 ,自 1 983年组建县丝绸公司至今 ,全县累计养蚕 83.74万张 ,收茧1 6 2 7.89万kg ,蚕农收入茧款 1 3587.89万元。 1 995年是 2 0世纪蚕桑生产发展的鼎盛时期 ,养蚕 7.6 6万张 ,产茧 1 4 5万kg ,农民茧款收入 1 336万元。但近年来 ,我县蚕桑生产逐渐萎缩 ,2 0 0 2年发种 2 .3万张 ,产茧 6 0万kg ,蚕农茧款收入 6 0 0万元 ,分别是最高年景的 30 %、4 1 .3%、4 5% ,蚕业的发展步入困境。1 .1　产业模式落后嫘祖教民养蚕的传说 ,说明…     

重庆蚕业发展技术路线研讨

在蚕业生产集约化、规模化、产业化建设中,科学技术是推动蚕业发展的核心,没有科学技术的支撑和推动,蚕业生产集约化、规模化、产业化也就失去了继续发展和赖以生存的基础。但是,科学技术能否发挥其支撑和推动作用,还在于是否选择正确的技术路线。从农业现代化建设的经验看,蚕业生产技术路线选择应遵循资源状况和规划布局决定的原则。既要充分发挥资源的优势,又要因地制宜,合理规划布局;既要针对蚕业生产科技含量低,又要考虑重庆市的农业人多地少、劳动力外出转移严重的现状。只有充分实现蚕业资源与合理地规划布局相结合,才能发挥蚕业在农业生产发展中的比较优势,不断发展。1重庆蚕业发展的现状重庆蚕业曾有过辉煌的历史,在1994年就达到发种250万张,产茧5.1万t,蚕农茧款收入6.2亿元。生产规模仅次于江苏、浙江和四川,居全国第四位,是全国重点蚕业生产基地之一。经过13年的发展,虽然启动了多项蚕业发展工程,投入了大量资金、人力和物力,但生产规模不但没有向前发展,反而出现一直徘徊不前的局面。2007年发种仅89.8万张,产茧2.818万t,蚕农茧款收入4.1亿元,蚕业生产规模从全国的第四位落到了第九位。为了使重庆蚕业从徘徊中走出困境,总结重庆蚕...     

蚕业调整与发展思路

1　建国以来蚕业取得的成就据市、县 (市 )文物考证 ,成都栽桑养蚕的历史至少有 50 0 0年以上。建国以来桑、蚕、茧、丝、绸为我市农民增收和出口创汇作出巨大贡献。但我市蚕桑生产也跟全国、全省一样经历了起伏升降的复杂过程。历史最高年1 994年有 1 1个县 (市 )、1 2 3个乡 (镇 )栽桑养蚕 ,全市有桑树 2 .8亿株 ,养蚕 1 3.8万 (盒 ) ,生产蚕茧 3,6 88吨 ,农民养蚕收入 4,0 0 0余万元 ,有 2座年生产 2 0万张的蚕种场 ,丝绸加工缫丝、织绸、印染、绢纺、成衣誉遐尔 ,“蜀绣”更是驰名海内外 ,配套加工能力和蚕桑科技力量 ,出口丝绸产品历来…     

渝北蚕业产业化发展对策探讨

1　渝北蚕业发展的历史与现状风景秀丽的渝北区 (原江北县 )地处长江北岸 ,是重庆北部正在崛起的城乡兼融、交通方便、物产丰富的重庆市近郊区 ,是重庆大都市的空港门户。蚕业生产是渝北城乡极具优势的传统主导产业之一 ,渝北区是重庆市人民政府实施“百万担优质茧产业化工程”的基地。历史最高年的 1 994年养蚕 1 5.2万张(含原蚕 ) ,产鲜茧 380 9t(7.6万担 ) ,蚕农茧款收入 4 80 0万元 ,户平收入 4 0 0元 ,人平收入 80元 ,财政税收达 70 0万元 ,为农民致富 ,财政增收 ,国家创汇 ,作出过重大贡献 ,多次受到省市嘉奖。在近年茧丝市场的激烈竞…     

推广适用技术发展规模蚕业

丝绸一直是我国出口创汇的拳头产品,也是我国少数几个可以垄断国际市场的劳动密集型产业之一,当前中国已经入世,可以预期,丝绸出口关税可大幅降低,配额限制将逐步取消,原料茧生产从长远考虑将从中受益,这对发展蚕业生产是一个重大利好,给古老的蚕业带来新的发展机遇。     

渝北区蚕丝绸业如何应对WTO的挑战

我国加入ＷＴＯ将给蚕丝绸行业发展带来机遇和挑战 ,面对经济全球化的竞争 ,将如何提高我区蚕丝业的发展 ,迎接市场挑战 ,是不能回避的问题。我区养蚕历史悠久 ,计划经济时代 ,在历届政府的高度重视下 ,我区蚕丝业发展由小到大 ,由弱变强 ,历史上 1 994年发种达 1 5万张 ,产茧 7万担 ,农民茧款收入 4 0 0 0多万元 ,是四川省重庆市的先进县之一。但随着市场经济的不断深入和发展 ,在计划经济向市场经济转轨的过程中 ,由于丝绸行业防范风险机制较弱。从 1 996年起蚕业形势下降 ,造成蚕农挖桑 ,使我区蚕业一直在低水平徘徊。今年全区发蚕种只有…     

现代蚕业产业园区建设的思考

<正> 如皋市蚕业产业园区辖高明、搬经、常青三个行政镇,农业人口14.45万人,农田面积7 000hm~2,农业产值4.06亿,其中桑田面积2 600hm~2,其中去冬今春新栽、更新 790hm~2,2002年全年发种6.152 4万张,产值3 142.9万元,今春发种 28 431张,园区内拥有蚕业龙头企业一个,丝厂二家,茧站7个,丝厂年产值15500万元,生产生丝120吨。     

重庆蚕业制约因素分析与发展建议

中国即将加入ＷＴＯ，西部大开发，国家六部委退耕还林（草）优惠政策，农村经济结构调整等这些接踵而来的机遇为重庆蚕业发展创造了优越条件，但是，一些历史的和当前的不可忽视的因素却依然严重地制约着他的发展，如不认真解决，将会错失良机。１ 重庆蚕业现状 １９９４年重庆蚕业创历史最好水平，有桑３１．１亿株，年养蚕２４４万张，产茧５．１３万吨，蚕农茧款收入６．２亿元，是我国蚕桑主产区之一，年产茧居全国第四位，蚕业成为农民脱贫致富、区域经济振兴的重要支柱产业之一。但到１９９９年桑树仅存１４亿株，年养蚕不足９４万张…     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.