Peste des petits ruminants in wild ungulates

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious viral disease of domestic small ruminants. It also affects wild ungulates but there are comparatively few studies of the incidence of natural infection, clinical signs and pathology, and confirmation of the virus, and in these species. In this article, we list the wild ungulates in which PPRV infection has been confirmed and summarize available information about the presentation of the disease, its identification, and impact of virus on wildlife populations. Considering recent reports of outbreaks by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), it is important to understand the transmission of this disease within wildlife populations in PPR endemic regions.     

Peste des petits ruminants in Ethiopian goats

Summary An outbreak of disease characterised by fever, ocular and nasal discharge, coughing and sneezing, oral necrosis, diarrhoea, enteritis and pneumonia in goats was shown by the use of specific cDNA probes to have been peste des petits ruminants, confirmed for the first time in Ethiopia. Both morbidity and mortality rates were high in goats but sheep were not affected.

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Peste De Pequeños Rumiantes En Caprinos En Etiopia

Resumen Se presentó por vez primera en Etiopía, un brote de peste de pequeños rumiantes, la que fue detectada mediante el uso de de sondas cADN especificas. La enfermedad se caracterizó por fiebre, descargas ocular y nasal, tos, estornudos necrosis oral, diarrea, enteritis y neumonia. Tanto la morbilidad como la mortalidad fueron altas en caprinos pero no en ovinos.

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Peste Des Petits Ruminants Chez Des Chevres Ethiopiennes

Résumé Une maladie caractérisée par de la fièvre, des écoulements nasal et oculaire, de la toux et des éternuements, une nécrose orale, de la diarrhée, de l'entérite et une pneumonie est apparue chez des chèvres. L'utilisation de sondes à ADNc spécifiques a montré qu'il s'agissait de la peste des petits ruminants, confirmée pour la première fois en Ethiopie. Les taux de morbidité étaient élevés chez les chèvres mais les moutons n'étaient pas affectés.

     

Peste des petits ruminants infection in domestic ruminants in Sudan

The existence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in domestic ruminants and camels in Sudan during 2008–2012 was investigated. Lung tissues and serum samples were randomly collected from sheep, goats, cattle, and camels at different areas of Sudan. A total of 12,384 serum samples were collected from clinically healthy 7413 sheep, 1988 camels, 1501 cattle, 1459 goats, and 23 gazelles at different areas in the Sudan. They were examined for PPR antibodies using competitive ELISA (cELISA). The overall detected seroprevalence of PPR in tested sera was 49.4%; seroprevalence values within species were 67.1, 48.2, 25.8, 2.1, and 21.7% in sheep, goat, cattle, camels, and gazelles, respectively. The highest seroprevalence (68.1%) was observed in sera collected from Darfur states, then the central states (54.3%). A total of 1276 lung tissue samples (623 sheep, 324 cattle, 220 camels, and 109 goats) were collected. The majority of lung samples were collected from clinically healthy animals that showed lesions on PM in slaughterhouses (95%) and during PPR outbreaks; samples were tested for PPR antigen using immunocapture ELISA (IcELISA). PPR antigen was detected in 233 out of the 1276 tested samples (18.3%). Positive results were observed in samples collected from clinically healthy and diseased animals. The observed prevalence values in each species were 33.6, 21.1, 15.4, and 12.3% in camel, goat, sheep, and cattle, respectively. PPR antigen was detected in samples from different areas; however, the highest prevalence (63.9%) was found in samples collected from the eastern states, then Khartoum state (28%). Trials for virus isolation were done in different cell cultures. Out of 30 IcELISA-positive samples inoculated in primary bovine and ovine kidney cells, Vero cells, the PPR virus was successfully isolated from 15 (eight sheep, five camels, and two goats) samples in the three cell culture types. Using RT-PCR, PPRV nucleic acid was detected in all 25 IcELISA-positive tested samples.     

小反刍兽疫病毒研究进展

小反刍兽疫病毒(Pestedespetitsruminantsvirus,PPRV)引起的小反刍兽疫(Pastedespetitsruminants,PPR)是一种主要发生于山羊、绵羊及一些野生小反刍兽的类似牛瘟症状的烈性接触性A类传染病。本病自1940年在象牙海岸首次记述以来,先后在非洲、中东一些国家发生。目前,在撒哈拉和赤道之间的大多数非洲国家,包括阿拉伯半岛、以色列、叙利亚、伊拉克、约旦和土耳其在内的中东地区、以及南亚的印度半岛均有此病流行,我国至今尚无此病的报道。本文就PPRV的形态特征、基因组成、蛋白组成、流行病学、复制、培养及检测等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

小反刍兽疫病毒分子生物学研究进展

小反刍兽疫是一种急性、热性、接触性传染病,是世界动物卫生组织规定的A类传染病,在我国被列为一类动物疫病,具有高发病率和高死亡率等特点。该病给小反刍动物养殖及国家和外贸经济带来了巨大的损失。文章主要叙述了小反刍兽疫病毒各基因结构特点,6种结构蛋白的功能,小反刍兽疫的诊断技术等方面的最新研究进展。     

小反刍兽疫活疫苗的安全性评价试验

2007年小反刍兽疫(PPR)在我国西藏首次暴发,在西藏和新疆部分地区使用PPR Nigeria 75/1疫苗株制造的疫苗进行免疫接种。为明确疫苗的安全性,中国兽医药品监察所国家牛瘟参考实验室对其安全性能进行了系统评价。健康易感山羊、绵羊及怀孕山羊、怀孕绵羊按不同剂量接种疫苗后,均未观察到异常临床反应;怀孕母羊所产羔羊数量与对照组无明显差异。疫苗对小白鼠、豚鼠的非特异性安全试验表明,所有接种动物均健活。结果表明该疫苗安全性良好,可在田间大规模使用。     

Current situation of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in the Sudan

The current situation of PPR in Sudan was investigated. A total of 61 tissue samples were collected from various PPR suspected outbreaks in sheep in Sudan during 2008. Collected tissue samples were tested for PPR antigen using IcELISA, PPR antigen was detected in 26 out of 61 samples (42.6%). Highest antigen detection rate was in specimens collected from western Sudan. A total of 1198 serum samples were collected from sheep (n = 500), camels (n = 392), and goats (n = 306) from different areas in Sudan (Khartoum, Gezira, Tambool, River Nile, Kordofan, White Nile, Blue Nile, Gedarif, Kassala, Halfa ElGadida, Port Sudan). Collected sera were examined for PPR antibodies using cELISA, a total of 336 (67.2%) sheep, 170 (55.6%) goat and 1 (0.3%) camel samples were found to be positive.     

应用PCR-焦磷酸测序技术快速检测小反刍兽疫病毒

为适应小反刍兽疫快速、准确、高通量诊断的需求,建立一种基于PCR及焦磷酸测序技术平台的小反刍兽疫病毒鉴定方法。对Gen Bank中已公布的小反刍兽疫病毒N基因序列进行分析,设计专用引物进行PCR扩增及焦磷酸测序,测得序列经比对分析可以确定是否为小反刍兽疫病毒感染。采用所建立的PCR-焦磷酸测序方法对西藏采集的10份血清样品进行检测,检测结果表明,该方法可以用于小反刍兽疫病毒的检测,而且该样品可初步鉴定为疫苗株感染。     

Prevalence and distribution of Peste des petits ruminants virus antibodies in various districts of Tanzania

Despite the widespread prevalence of infection with Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) in goats and sheep industry in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, there have been few, if any, structured population-based studies examining the epidemiology of this infection in Tanzania. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence, and risk factors, of Peste des petitis ruminants(PPR) in sheep and goat flocks from seven different geographical administration authorities (Ngorongoro, Monduli, Longido, Karatu, Mbulu, Siha and Simanjiro) located in Northern Tanzania. Serum samples from 657 and 892 sheep and goats, respectively, corresponding to 91 sheep/goat flocks and 43 villages were collected. Competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) was used to detect the presence of antibodies in the serum against PPRV. Chi-square analysis and multivariable logistic regression model were used to identify risk factors for PPRV seropositivity. Findings suggested that the sero-positive cases were significantly higher in goats than in sheep (49.5% versus 39.8%; P = 0.002). The overall seroprevalence of PPRV infection in small ruminants was 45.8%. Highest seroprevalence (42.6–88.02%) was observed in Mbulu, Siha, Longido, Ngorongoro districts, while antibodies less than 40% to none were found in serum from Monduli, Karatu and Simanjiro, respectively. These findings confirm natural transmission of PPRV under field condition for the first time in Tanzania. Results may be correlated with variations in the sheep and goat husbandry practices within different geographic localities, the uncontrolled movement of animals, the levels of natural immunity and the sharing of grazing field amongst agro and pastoralists.     

Prevalence of peste des petits ruminants among sheep and goats in India

This study measured the clinical prevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) among sheep and goats in India between 2003 and 2009 by analyzing clinical samples from suspected cases of PPR that were submitted to the Rinderpest and Allied Disease Laboratory, Division of Virology, IVRI, Mukteswar for PPR diagnosis. PPR outbreaks were confirmed by detecting PPR virus (PPRV)-specific antigen in the clinical samples. Clinical samples (blood, nasal swabs, spleen, lymph node, kidney, liver, intestine, and pooled tissue materials) were taken from a total of 592 sheep and 912 goats in different states of India and screened for the presence of PPRV antigen using a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA kit. A total of 20, 38, and 11 laboratory-confirmed PPR outbreaks occurred among sheep, goat, and combined sheep and goat populations, respectively. Our findings provide evidence of widespread PPR endemicity in India. The underlying reasons could be variations in husbandry practices in different geographical regions, agro-climatic conditions, and livestock migration. Furthermore, decrease in the number of PPR outbreaks over time might be due to the effectiveness of current live PPR vaccines and timely vaccination of target species. Vaccination against PPR has been practiced in India since 2002 to control this disease.     

Serological investigations of peste des petits ruminants among cattle in the Sudan

Tropical Animal Health and Production - During 2015 and 2016, from five different States of the Sudan, a total of 1000 cattle sera were purposively collected from many herds of apparently healthy...     

Peste des petits ruminants has been widely present in southern India since, if not before, the late 1980s

Because previous authorities had suggested that small ruminants were playing a part in the dissemination of rinderpest, and a rinderpest-eradication campaign was about to begin, it was necessary to make precise virus identifications from a number of small-ruminant “rinderpest” outbreaks. When this was done using a database created from passive disease reports, we found that epidemics—reportedly due to rinderpest—were in fact due to peste des petits ruminants (PPRs). Although such cases had been common in India for a number of years, earlier clinical and laboratory reports no longer should be regarded as definitive. PPR outbreaks have been frequent in recent years. Further, we suggest that PPR is not a recent invader of India.     

小反刍兽疫的研究进展

概述了小反刍兽疫的易感动物、临床症状及病原的理化特征和基因组结构，重点阐述了病毒6种结构蛋白的大小和组成、小反刍兽疫病毒的分离培养、血清学及分子生物学诊断技术，并对其传统疫苗以及新型基因工程疫苗的研制进行了详细论述，以为该病的流行病学研究、诊断和免疫防制提供参考。     

Prevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cattle and water buffaloes and associated abortions in the plateau of Southern Peninsular India

A seroprevalence study of bovine neosporosis was conducted among 1,927 dairy cattle and 341 water buffaloes from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh states in plateau of southern peninsular India by employing competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, 12.61 and 9.97 % sera samples were found positive for the presence of Neospora caninum antibody, respectively, among cattle and water buffaloes. Out of 1,927 sera samples from cattle, 912 and 1,015 samples were collected from unorganized and organized herds, respectively. The cattle screened were of upgraded Holstein–Friesian and water buffaloes were of graded Surti breed. Significantly (p?<?0.05) higher prevalence was found in the cattle in unorganized herds (16.66 %) in comparison to organized herds (8.96 %). The highest seroprevalence was recorded in the age group of 4 years and above in both type of cattle herds and water buffaloes. There was a significant variation of seroprevalence (p?<?0.05) observed between different age groups of cattle. The rate of seroprevalence increased with the increment in the age of the animals suggesting a possibility of horizontal mode of transmission of the infection from the environment. The percentage of abortion history was more in seropositive group (51.65 %) in comparison to the seronegative group (5.84 %) and the seropositive cattle were 8.84 times more likely to experience abortion than the seronegative cattle. The occurrence of abortion among different age groups varied significantly (p?<?0.05). The findings revealed the presence of neosporosis in the southern peninsular India among cattle and water buffaloes and a strong association between the seroprevalence and abortion.     

辽宁省小反刍兽疫疫苗临床免疫效果跟踪试验及抗体水平动态观察

通过抽检小反刍兽疫疫苗免疫后的部分羊群,分别于免疫后的7、14、21、28 d对免疫羊进行抗体及病毒核酸（包括疫苗毒）跟踪监测,并对监测数据进行整理比对分析,继而掌握小反刍兽疫免疫抗体在机体内的消长规律及影响因素,进一步了解该疫苗辽宁省羊群中的免疫效果及安全性。结果表明,该疫苗在免疫7d后,免疫群体均能够达到免疫合格率高于70%的标准,且未出现疫苗排毒现象,证明该疫苗的免疫效果确实、安全性好。