贵州荷斯坦奶牛甘油二酯酰基转移酶基因多态性及其与产奶性状的关联分析

甘油二酯酰基转移酶（diacylglycerol acyl-transferase 1,DGAT1）是控制甘油三脂合成的关键酶。近年来DGAT1基因被鉴定出来,被认为是奶牛乳脂率的一个重要功能候选基因。该研究以贵州荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,利用奶牛DGAT1基因序列设计引物,以RCR-单链构象多态性（PCR-SSCP）方法检测了奶牛DGAT1基因第8外显子的碱基突变。结果共检测到AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.5588、0.3824和0.0588,等位基因A和B的频率分别为0.7549和0.2451;该碱基突变对305 d校正产奶量和乳脂率的影响均达到显著水平（P<0.05）,乳蛋白率影响不显著（P>0.05）;多重比较结果表明,AA和AB型对305 d校正产奶量和乳脂率均显著高于BB型（P<0.05）。结果显示,DGAT1基因突变对贵州荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性状有较大的遗传效应,可用于其泌乳性状的分子标记辅助选择。     

三河牛DGAT1基因K232A位点与产奶性状的关联分析

二酰甘油酰基转移酶（DGATI）基因K232A位点是一个与奶牛产奶性能有关的重要位点。、本研究通过对三河牛K232A位点检测发现,该位点在三河牛中处于Hardy—Weinberg平衡状态,说明没有经过选择。KK基因型个体具有最低的体细胞评分和最高的乳脂率;KA基因型个体具有最高的产奶量和乳脂量;AA基因型个体具有最高的乳蛋白量。K等位基因有利于提高乳脂率和乳脂量,同时降低体细胞评分。在三河牛群体中,K等位基因的基因频率为0．23,利用K4k点来提高乳脂率和乳脂量以及降低体细胞评分,存在很大的选择空间。     

荷斯坦奶牛STAT5A基因的SNPs检测及其与产奶性状的关联分析

根据GenBank公布的牛STAT5A基因的2个SNPs（AJ237937和AF079568）的引物序列,采用PCR-SS-CP方法对758头中国荷斯坦奶牛进行了STAT5A基因多态性检测,并将其与5个产奶性状进行了关联分析。在SNP1的9501碱基处发现A→G突变;SNP2中发现2个连锁点突变,即12 440位T→C和12 550位的CCT插入/缺失;方差分析结果表明：SNP1对乳蛋白率有显著影响（P〈0.05）;SNP2对产奶量有极显著影响（P〈0.01）,对乳脂量、乳蛋白量有显著影响（P〈0.05）;单倍型组合对产奶量和乳蛋白量有极显著影响（P〈0.01）,对乳脂量有显著影响（P〈0.05）。多重比较分析表明SNP2的AB基因型的产奶量、乳脂量和乳蛋白量的最小二乘均数极显著（P〈0.01）或显著（P〈0.05）高于基因型AA;而单倍型组合H1H2的产奶量、乳脂量和乳蛋白量的最小二乘均数显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）高于其它4种单倍型组合;H3H4对产奶量和乳蛋白量的效应极显著高于其它4种单倍型组合（P〈0.01）。结果提示：STAT5A基因可以作为奶牛产奶性状的候选分子遗传标记。     

Effects of DGAT1 variants on milk production traits in German cattle breeds

Various QTL mapping experiments led to the detection of a QTL in the centromeric region of cattle chromosome 14 that had a major effect on the fat content of milk. Recently, the gene encoding diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) was proposed to be a positional and functional candidate for this trait. This study investigated the effects of a nonconservative lysine to alanine (K232A) substitution in DGAT1, which very likely represents the causal mutation, on milk production traits. Existing granddaughter designs for Fleckvieh and German Holstein, the two major dairy/dual-purpose breeds in Germany, were used to estimate allele frequencies and gene substitution effects for milk, fat, and protein yield, as well as fat and protein content. A restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was applied to diagnose the K232A substitution in DGAT1. Estimates of the allele frequencies for the lysine-encoding variant were based on maternally inherited alleles in sons and amounted to 0.072 for Fleckvieh and 0.548 for German Holstein. Effects of DGAT1 variants on content traits were pronounced; estimates of the gene substitution effect for the lysine-encoding variant were 0.35 and 0.28% for fat content and 0.10 and 0.06% for protein content in Fleckvieh and German Holstein, respectively. Conversely, negative effects of the lysine variant of -242 to -180 kg for Fleckvieh and -260 to -320 kg for German Holstein were revealed for milk yield from first to third lactation, resulting in enhanced fat yield of 7.5 to 14.8 kg in Fleckvieh and 7.6 to 10.7 kg in German Holstein. For protein yield, however, mainly negative effects of -3.6 to 0.2 kg in Fleckvieh and -4.8 to -5.2 kg in German Holstein were observed. Pearson correlations between residuals of milk yield and content traits were decreased when omitting DGAT1 effects in the analysis, thereby indicating that DGAT1 contributes to negative correlations between these traits. Molecular tests allow for the direct selection among variants; however, the benefits of the alternative alleles depend on economic weights given to the different milk production traits in the breeding goal.     

The effect of beta and kappa casein genes on milk yield and milk composition in different percentages of Holstein in crossbred dairy cattle

The objective of this study was to compare the genotype, and composite genotype frequency, and the association between beta and kappa casein genes and milk yield (MY), percentage of fat (%Fat), protein (%Prot), and solids non‐fat (%SNF) between two groups of crossbred Holstein: G1 ≤ 87.5% Holstein = 89 cows and G2 > 87.5% Holstein = 142 cows. Five genotypes of beta casein gene were observed. A1A2 and A1B were the most and rarest frequency, respectively, in both groups. Five genotypes of kappa casein gene were found. The highest and the lowest frequency were AA, and BB and BE, respectively, in both groups. Composite genotype A1A2AA was the most frequent in both groups. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between two genes was detected. Significant differences of frequencies between both groups of both genes were not found. The association of the genes and the traits was different between G1 and G2. Negative effects on the traits were found in both groups. In addition, the stronger effect of the beta casein gene was observed in most of the traits. The conclusions were that different %Holstein caused different significant effects of these genes. A study of the association of these genes within each percentage of Holstein is strongly recommended.     

中国荷斯坦牛DGAT1基因与产奶性状关联分析

以北京地区来自17个公牛家系的1222头中国荷斯坦母牛为试验材料,采用PCR—RFLP技术对DGAT1基因进行了遗传多态性分析,共检测到KK、KA和AA3种基因型,频率分别为0．1432、0．6097和0．2471;采用混合动物模型对数据进行拟合,通过SAS（8．02）软件对5个产奶性状与DGAT1基因的关联程度进行了统计分析。结果表明,DGAT1不同基因型间的305d产奶量、乳脂量、乳蛋白量差异极显著（P〈0．01）;多重比较结果显示：AA基因型的305d产奶量和乳蛋白量显著高于KK基因型（P〈0．01）,其乳脂量显著低于KK基因型（P〈0．01）。结果提示DGAT1基因对奶牛产奶性状具有较大遗传效应,可以用于中国荷斯坦牛产奶性状的分子标记辅助选择。     

Effect of DGAT1 and TG gene polymorphisms on intramuscular fat and on milk production traits in different cattle breeds in Hungary

The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of the thyroglobulin (TG) locus on beef quality traits in some beef cattle breeds and to investigate the effect of the DGAT1 locus on milk production traits in the Hungarian Holstein Friesian population. TG and DGAT1 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. At the TG locus TT bulls showed the highest fat percentage values in the longissimus dorsi muscle (m. longissimus dorsi); the difference between CC and TT genotypes was significant. DGAT1 GC/GC cows had the highest milk, fat and protein yield values. Due to the relatively small number of GC/GC cows the difference proved to be significant only between AA/AA and AA/GC genotypes.     

澳系进口荷斯坦奶牛CXCR1基因遗传多态性与泌乳性状及体细胞评分的关联性分析

采用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性（PCR—SSCP）技术对以海丰奶牛场588头澳系进口荷斯坦牛牛趋化因子受体1（Chemokine receptor1,CXCR1）基因的遗传多态性进行分析;采用混合动物模型分析CXCRl基因2个突变位点与测定日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、305d产奶量、305d乳脂量、305d乳蛋白量及体细胞评分7个性状的相关性,寻找可用于生产实际的分子标记。结果显示,CXCR1基因5’侧翼区-1830位点发生了A—G的突变,检测到AA、AG和GG3种基因型,频率分别为0．684、0．289和0．027,等位基因A和G的频率分别为0．828和0．172;GG基因型奶牛的日产奶量、SCS和305d产奶量均板显著高于AA基因型（P〈0．01）,而其乳脂率和乳蛋白率却显著低于AA基因型奶牛（P〈0．05）。编码区783位点仅发现AA和AC2种基因型,基因型频率分别为0．886和0．114,等住基因A和c的频率分别为0．943和0．057。AA型的个体的日产奶量、305d脂肪产量和305d蛋白产量极显著高于AC型个体,而其乳脂率、乳蛋白率和SCS却极显著低于AC型个体（P〈O．01）。结果表明,CXCR1基因遗传突变对澳系进口荷斯坦牛泌乳性状和乳房炎抗性有较大的遗传效应,可用于澳系进口荷斯坦牛的分子标记辅助选择。     

德宏奶水牛DGAT1基因多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性分析

探讨德宏奶水牛（摩拉水牛×德宏水牛）DGAT1基因多态性与产奶性状的关系,以期为德宏奶水牛产奶性状标记辅助选择侯选基因的选择提供理论依据。以81头泌乳的德宏奶水牛为研究对象,利用PCR—SSCP方法结合候选基因直接测序法检测DGAT1基因第8外显子及第8内含子区的多态性,并采用最小二乘法分析DGAT1基因多态位点对产奶量、乳脂率及乳蛋白率的影响。结果在德宏奶水牛群体中共检测到CTGG,CCGG和CCGT三种基因型,测序结果显示,在检测的群体中未发现K232A位点的突变,而在DGAT1基因第8内含子的第14位检测到C→T突变,第35位检测到G→T突变。多重比较表明,CCGT基因型对德宏奶水牛的乳脂率有显著影响（P〈0．05）。     

Joint analysis of the influence of CYP11B1 and DGAT1 genetic variation on milk production, somatic cell score, conformation, reproduction, and productive lifespan in German Holstein cattle

Recent publications indicate genetic variation in milk production traits on proximal BTA14, which cannot be explained solely with genetic variation in the DGAT1 gene. To elucidate these QTL effects, animals from a German Holstein granddaughter design (18 families, 1,291 sons) were genotyped for CYP11B1 (V30A) and DGAT1 (K232A) polymorphisms. Frequencies of alleles of maternal descent were estimated for CYP11B1(V) (0.776) and DGAT1(K) (0.549). Allele substitution effects (alpha/2) were first calculated for both alleles in separate models and then in a joint model. From the joint analysis, CYP11B1(V) effects on fat content (+0.04%) and protein content (+0.01%) were positive. Effects on milk yield (-82 kg), fat yield (-0.5 kg), and protein yield (-1.9 kg) were negative. Compared with the individual analysis, DGAT1(K) effects on fat content (+0.28%), protein content (+0.06%), and milk yield (-258 kg) were reduced; fat yield (+10.8 kg) was enhanced; and protein yield (-3.8 kg) was reduced. In the joint analysis, allele substitution effects of CYP11B1(V) and DGAT1(K) together explained more of the variation in milk production traits than DGAT1(K) alone. Further significant effects were found for CYP11B1(V) and DGAT1(K) among 6 reproduction traits and 14 conformational traits. These observations indicate a possible negative influence of DGAT1(K) on maternal nonreturn rate, and thus, on length of productive life.     

草原红牛二酞甘油酞基转移酶2（DGAT2）基因的多态性及与泌乳性状关联性分析

为研究草原红牛二酞甘油酞基转移酶2（DGAT2）的多态性及与泌乳性状相关性,采用PCR-RFLP方法检测DGAT2基因的遗传多态性。结果检测到AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,统计分析表明该多态位点与草原红牛乳中脂肪和干物质含量呈显著相关,脂肪：AA型极显著高于AB型和BB型（P〈0.01）,AB型和BB型之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;干物质：AA型显著高于AB型（P〈0.05）,极显著高于BB型（P〈0.01）,而AB型又显著高于BB型（P〈0.05）;其他泌乳性状的基因型间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。此结果提示,DGAT2基因对草原红牛乳中脂肪和干物质含量具有较大的遗传效应,可以初步推断DGAT2是控制这些性状的众多基因之一,可能是影响草原红牛乳中脂肪和干物质含量的一个主效基因或与主效基因相连锁,可作为选育草原红牛低脂及高干物质奶牛的分子标记,用于标记辅助选择意义重大。     

中国荷斯坦奶牛EEF1D基因的SNPs检测及其与产奶性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究中国荷斯坦奶牛真核生物翻译延伸因子1D（eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta,EEF1D）基因的多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性。利用Sequenom MassARRAY SNP分型技术对宁夏地区1 252头中国荷斯坦奶牛EEF1D基因的多态性进行了检测,并对其多态位点不同基因型和组合基因型与产奶性状进行了关联分析。结果显示,EEF1D基因的5'侧翼区存在2个SNPs位点,即EEF1D-1和EEF1D-3;经检测发现,EEF1D-1存在2种基因型,EEF1D-3存在3种基因型。χ²检验表明,中国荷斯坦奶牛在EEF1D-1位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P < 0.05）,在EEF1D-3位点未偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P > 0.05）;EEF1D-1和EEF1D-3位点多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0.10和0.28,分别呈现低度多态和中度多态。在试验群体中,EEF1D-1位点对乳脂率和乳蛋白率性状的效应均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）,对305 d产奶量性状的效应达到显著水平（P<0.05）;EEF1D-3位点对305 d产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率性状的效应均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）;EEF1D基因的优势基因型组合GG-AG和GG-GG个体乳脂率均显著高于GG-AA组合个体（P<0.05）。说明EEF1D基因可以作为影响中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性状的候选基因用于标记辅助选择。     

Detection of Dairy Cow Mammary Tissue DGAT1 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Using Tetra-primers ARMS-PCR Method

This study was aimed to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms of diacylgycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A, and determine the DGAT1 genotype and milk traits of dairy cow, which would provide a new technique for marker-assisted selection in China Holstein dairy cows. In the present study, six Northern China Holstein dairy cows (three were lactating cows with high quatity milk and three were lactating cows with low quatity milk) were used to detect mammary tissue DGAT1 gene K232A polymorphisms. Genome DNA was extracted from each cow, a pair of external primers and a pair of internal primers were designed to amplify DGAT1 gene. The results showed that PCR-amplified fragments were 512 bp (external band), 369 bp (232K allele) and 181 bp (232A allele), respectively. The exterenal band functions as the internal PCR-positive control. The tetra-primer ARMS-PCR amplifications yielded a 512 bp fragment and a 181 bp fragment, indicating that the six dairy cows were all homozygous 232A. The results indicated that the tetra-primers ARMS-PCR was a quick and convenient method to identify dairy cow DGAT1 gene K232A polymorphisms, which was suitable for marker-assisted selection in China Holstein dairy cows.     

采用四引物ARMS-PCR方法检测奶牛乳腺组织DGAT1基因单核苷酸多态性

试验旨在快速有效地检测泌乳奶牛的二酰甘油转酰基酶1（diacylgycerol acyltransferase 1,DGAT1）乳脂量性状的优势等位基因K232A单核苷酸多态性,确定DGAT1基因型进而确定泌乳性状,为中国荷斯坦奶牛分子标记辅助选择提供技术支持。选取6头泌乳初期（3头为高乳产量牛,3头为低乳产量牛）中国北方荷斯坦奶牛为研究对象,提取乳腺组织基因组DNA,分别设计1对外引物和1对内引物,建立一种四引物ARMS-PCR体系快速检测奶牛乳腺组织DGAT1基因单核苷酸多态性。结果发现,外引物扩增片段长度为512 bp,为PCR反应的阳性对照,基因型为232K扩增片段长度为369 bp,基因型为232A扩增片段长度为181 bp。PCR结果显示,6头牛的乳腺组织样本均由外部引物扩增出长度为512 bp的片段,泌乳期高乳产量奶牛和泌乳期低乳产量奶牛乳腺组织的特异性扩增片段长度均为181 bp。表明本研究选取的6头奶牛样本DGAT1基因K232A多态性均为232A型。提示该PCR鉴定方法能够快速有效地鉴定奶牛DGAT1基因型,可用于中国荷斯坦奶牛分子标记辅助选择。     

中国荷斯坦牛DGAT2基因第4外显子与产奶性状的关联分析

本试验以宁夏地区8个公牛家系的各8头女儿共计64头中国荷斯坦母牛为研究对象．利用AB13730测序仪对DGAT2基因Exon4进行了基因型检测后发现三个突变位点474bp（C／G）、48lbp（G／A）、621bp（C／T）,各个位点发现有两种基因型,分别为CC型、GC型,GG型、GA型,CC型和CT型,基因型频率分别为0．484、0．516,0．687、0．313,0．484和0．516。通过SAS软件（8．02）对4个产奶性状与DGAT2基因Exon4的关联分析表明．474bp（C／G）CG型305d产奶量和乳脂率显著高于CC型（P〈0．05）,乳蛋白率、体细胞数影响不显著（P〉0．05）;481bp（G／A）GA型305d产奶量显著高于GG型,与乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞数无显著的相关性（P〉0．05）;621bp（C／T）CT型305d产奶量、乳蛋白率、体细胞数都显著高于CC型（P〈0．05）,乳脂率影响不显著（P〉O．05）。     

中国荷斯坦奶牛RPL23A、ACACB基因3个SNPs检测及其与产奶性状的关联分析

旨在开展奶牛群体高乳成分功能基因的验证与筛选,利用微流控芯片自主选育技术分析北京地区母牛群体高乳蛋白、高乳脂基因频率,同时分析基因多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性。本研究对北京地区8个大型奶牛场1 596头中国荷斯坦奶牛RPL23A、ACACB基因的多态性进行了检测,所有个体均为3胎以内的泌乳牛,收集每头牛所有测定日的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率等数据,同时对3个多态位点不同基因型与产奶性状进行了关联分析。RPL23A基因的SNP位点g.20146771G>A,在第一泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量均达到极显著关联（P<0.01）,第二泌乳期,g.20146771G>A与5个产奶性状均呈极显著关联（P<0.01）。ACACB基因的SNP位点g.63962768C>T,在第一泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量均呈极显著关联（P<0.01）,在第二泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率呈极显著关联（P<0.01）。结果表明,RPL23A、ACACB基因可以作为影响中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性状的候选基因用于标记辅助选择,以上基因位点可能通过直接或间接的途径影响奶牛的乳脂或乳蛋白性状,对产奶性状起到重要调控作用。本研究为荷斯坦奶牛后续的标记辅助选择奠定了良好基础。     

中国荷斯坦牛PIK3CB基因多态性及其与繁殖和产奶性状的关联分析

【目的】 探究磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸3-激酶催化亚单位β（PIK3CB）基因多态性及其与中国荷斯坦牛繁殖和产奶性状的关系。【方法】 通过混池测序对中国荷斯坦牛PIK3CB基因进行单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点筛选,采用竞争性等位基因特异性PCR （KASP）技术在1 160头健康泌乳中国荷斯坦牛中进行SNP分型并进行群体遗传学分析,采用线性模型进行SNP与11个繁殖和产奶性状基于单位点和单倍型组合的关联分析。【结果】 在PIK3CB基因中共检测到了17个SNPs,筛选出7个SNPs用于后续分析。关联分析发现,7个SNPs与多个目标性状存在显著或极显著的关联（P<0.05;P<0.01）;位于外显子区域的g.130433743 A>G位点AA基因型个体和位于可变剪接区域的g.130448069 G>A位点GG基因型个体,其经产牛首末次配种间隔、产奶量、乳蛋白量和乳脂量最低,体细胞评分最高,上述基因型个体具有较短的首末次配种间隔,而产奶性能相对较差;g.130387717 G>A位点AA基因型个体,其初配日龄和青年牛首末次配种间隔最低,产奶量、乳蛋白量和乳脂量最高,该基因型个体的繁殖和产奶性能均较好,上述3个SNPs位点可作为中国荷斯坦牛繁殖和产奶性状的候选位点重点关注。单倍型分析发现,PIK3CB基因的g.130387717 G>A、g.130430832 A>－、g.130433743 A>G、g.130433982 C>T、g.130446073 C>T和g.130448069 G>A 6个SNPs紧密连锁形成一个单倍型块,且与多个目标性状存在显著或极显著关联（P<0.05;P<0.01）,其中H2H3和H2H4单倍型组合个体的繁殖和产奶性能较好,为优势单倍型组合。【结论】 中国荷斯坦牛PIK3CB基因存在丰富的遗传变异,其多态性与繁殖和产奶性状存在关联,g.130433743 A>G、g.130448069 G>A和g.130387717 G>A位点可作为潜在分子标记,为中国荷斯坦牛的平衡育种提供理论依据。     

中国荷斯坦牛RPL23A和ACACB基因对产奶性状的遗传效应分析

作者所在团队前期通过奶牛乳腺上皮组织转录组测序及荷斯坦公牛全基因组重测序研究发现RPL23A和ACACB基因是奶牛乳蛋白和乳脂性状的候选功能基因,本研究旨在探究这两个基因是否对奶牛产奶性状具有显著遗传效应。以北京地区7个牧场的1059头中国荷斯坦母牛为试验群体,采集尾根静脉血并提取基因组DNA,通过飞行时间质谱方法检测SNP位点基因型,利用SAS9.4软件的MIXED过程进行关联分析。结果表明,RPL23A基因的SNP位点g.20146771C>T与第1泌乳期5个产奶性状达到显著或极显著关联(P=0.0001~0.0416),其优势等位基因为T;ACACB基因的g.63878254T>C位点与第1泌乳期产奶量、乳脂量和乳蛋白量呈极显著关联(P<0.01),其优势等位基因为C;g.63962768G>A位点与第1泌乳期产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率关联显著或极显著(P=0.0001~0.0391),其优势等位基因为A。综上,RPL23A基因主要影响中国荷斯坦牛产奶量和乳蛋白,ACACB基因对产奶量和乳脂具有显著遗传效应,3个SNP位点可考虑作为遗传标记用于标记辅助选择培育奶牛高乳蛋白乳脂新品系和选育提高。     

IGFBP-3基因PCR-RFLP多态性与中国荷斯坦牛泌乳性状的相关分析

以胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP-3)基因作为中国荷斯坦牛部分泌乳性状的候选基因,在对61头中国荷斯坦牛进行PC R-R FLP分析的基础上,对中国荷斯坦牛群体中IGFBP-3基因座多态性与泌乳性状进行相关分析。结果表明:IGFBP-3基因座对产奶量、乳蛋白率和体细胞评分的影响显著(P<0.05),IGFBP-3 BB型个体的305 d产乳量显著(P<0.05)高于AA型和AB型,BB型个体的乳蛋白率和体细胞评分显著(P<0.05)低于AB型。     

新疆褐牛,中国荷斯坦POU1F1基因第六外显子多态性与产奶量关联分析

[目的]为了研究POU1F1基因第六外显子多态性与产奶量的关系.[方法]以新疆褐牛,中国荷斯坦为研究对象,利用PCR-RFLP对POU1F1基因第六外显子的多态性及其与产奶量的相关性进行了分析.[结果]表明: 新疆褐牛,中国荷斯坦牛的群体在该位点分别检测到2种等位基因A/B,频率分别为:0.43/0.57,0.33/0.67,B等位基因是优势等位基因 .[结论]在新疆褐牛群体中,BB型个体的产奶量显著高于AA型,在荷斯坦奶牛中BB型比AA,AB型的产奶量高,但差异不显著.